Effect of Cuticular Lipids From Silks of Selected Corn Genotypes on the Development of Corn Earworm Larvae

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
B. R. Wiseman ◽  
Karl E. Espelie
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Cuticular Lipids ◽  
Cuticular Lipid ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Meridic Diet

Eleven genotypes of corn, Zea mays L., known to vary in their resistance to silk-feeding by larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were used to study the effect of corn silk cuticular lipids on larval growth and development. Growth of the corn earworm was significantly enhanced when larvae were reared on meridic diet containing corn silks from which the cuticular lipids had been removed. Growth of larvae reared on a diet containing unextracted silks from genotypes ‘Stowell's’ ‘Evergreen’, ‘Pioneer 3369A’, and ‘PI340856’ was not affected. When the cuticular lipid extracts of corn silks were added to a meridic diet, no significant differences were found in the weight of 8-day larvae, time to pupation, or days to adult emergence for larvae reared on silks of several corn genotypes. However, the weight of pupae was significantly less when larvae were fed a diet containing cuticular lipids extracted from silks of three corn genotypes ‘Stowell's Evergreen’, ‘GE37’, and ‘Zapalote Chico 2451#(P)C3’ than the weight of pupae from larvae that fed on the control diet.

scholarly journals Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Apimaysin and Maysin Synthesis and Corn Earworm Antibiosis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1997-2006
Author(s):  
E A Lee ◽  
P F Byrne ◽  
M D McMullen ◽  
M E Snook ◽  
B R Wiseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Maize Silks ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract C-glycosyl flavones in maize silks confer resistance (i.e., antibiosis) to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) larvae and are distinguished by their B-ring substitutions, with maysin and apimaysin being the di- and monohydroxy B-ring forms, respectively. Herein, we examine the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of maysin and apimaysin and the corresponding effects on corn earworm larval growth. Using an F2 population, we found a quantitative trait locus (QTL), rem1, which accounted for 55.3% of the phenotypic variance for maysin, and a QTL, pr1, which explained 64.7% of the phenotypic variance for apimaysin. The maysin QTL did not affect apimaysin synthesis, and the apimaysin QTL did not affect maysin synthesis, suggesting that the synthesis of these closely related compounds occurs independently. The two QTLs, rem1 and pr1, were involved in a significant epistatic interaction for total flavones, suggesting that a ceiling exists governing the total possible amount of C-glycosyl flavone. The maysin and apimaysin QTLs were significant QTLs for corn earworm antibiosis, accounting for 14.1% (rem1) and 14.7% (pr1) of the phenotypic variation. An additional QTL, represented by umc85 on the short arm of chromosome 6, affected antibiosis (R2 = 15.2%), but did not affect the synthesis of the C-glycosyl flavones.

Effects of Inherited Sterility and Insect Resistant Dent-Corn Silks on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Carpenter ◽  
B. R. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Inherited Sterility ◽  
Meridic Diet

Male and female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), adults were exposed to a substerilizing dose (10 krads) of gamma radiation after which their progeny were reared on a meridic diet containing selected concentrations of dry silk collected from resistant dent corn genotypes. Significant interactions were observed between the developmental time of progeny from irradiated females and progeny from normal parents and meridic diets with increasing degrees of resistance. A significant interaction also was observed between the mean larval weights of normal and substerile larvae and diets with increasing degrees of resistance. The 9-d weight of normal larvae was significantly higher than the weight of substerile larvae at the lowest degree of resistance, but differences between the weight of normal and substerile larvae at the highest degree of resistance were not significant. Larvae from irradiated male by normal female crosses were equally competitive with normal larvae for all measured parameters. Data from this study suggest that plant resistance and inherited sterility would be compatible control strategies for the management of H. zea populations.

Influence of Transgenic Corn Expressing Insecticidal Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Natural Populations of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Southwestern Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry C. Allen ◽  
Henry N. Pitre
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Bt Corn ◽  
Transgenic Corn ◽  
Diatraea Grandiosella ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Borer

A 2-yr study was conducted to measure the influence of transgenic corn, Zea mays L., expressing the CrylAb endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) by means of Event MON810 on natural populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar). The studies were conducted at Leland and Morgan City, MS, in 1999 and at Morgan City in 2000. Although total numbers of H. zea larvae were not significantly different on transgenic corn hybrids compared with their near-isogenic parent lines, fewer large larvae were found on the transgenic hybrids. Differences in H. zea larval growth were noticeable when larvae fed on Bt corn vs non-Bt corn. The delay in larval growth for insects within a single generation, which could possibly result in asynchronous mating between insecticide resistant and susceptible insects, was observed for larvae feeding on plants expressing the Bt toxin. Diatraea grandiosella caused limited damage to the transgenic corn hybrids compared with their near-isogenic parent lines. Yields were not significantly greater for the Bt corn hybrids compared with their near-isogenic parent lines. Yields were not significantly greater for the Bt corn hybrids compared with the near-isogenic, non-Bt corn parents; however, there was a trend toward higher yields for Bt hybrids compared with their near-isogenic non-Bt parents.

ChemInform Abstract: New Flavone C-Glycosides from Corn (Zea mays L.) for the Control of the Corn Earworm (Helicoverpa zea)

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (42) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
M. E. SMOOK ◽  
N. W. WIDSTROM ◽  
B. R. WISEMAN ◽  
R. C. GUELDNER ◽  
R. L. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Earworm

scholarly journals Impact of Simulated Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Kernel Feeding on Field Corn Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2193-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Olivi ◽  
J Gore ◽  
F M Musser ◽  
A L Catchot ◽  
D R Cook
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Economic Pest ◽  
Harvest Method ◽  
Study Manual

Abstract Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, has not been considered an economic pest of field corn. Historical losses estimates ranged from 1.5 to 2.5%, and a large number of foliar insecticide applications would be needed to minimize infestations. In recent years, Bt, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) field corn, Zea mays (L.) Poales: Poaceae, technologies that exhibit activity against corn earworm have been introduced. However, it is unclear how much damage to corn ears (number of damaged kernels) is required to reduce yield. In this study manual damage methods were utilized to inflict defined levels of kernel damage and to impose damage at levels greater than observed with natural corn earworm infestations. Bt corn hybrids expressing the Agrisure Viptera (Vip 3A) trait were used to minimize injury from natural infestations of corn earworm. Manual kernel damage was imposed at R3 stage to mimic corn earworm feeding while avoiding interference with pollination. These methods were used in experiments where treatments were applied to individual ears and hand-harvested and in experiments where treatments were applied to all primary ears in the plot and machine-harvested. Damage of ≥60 kernels per ear was required to significantly reduce yield regardless of harvest method. Kernel damage from natural corn earworm infestations reported in other studies was much lower than 60 kernels per ear. Timely planting is a key component of all integrated pest management programs. Field corn planted during the recommended planting window for optimum yield is unlikely to experience corn earworm damage great enough to reduce yield.

The genetic basis of C-glycosyl flavone B-ring modification in maize (Zea mays L.) silks

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Cortés-Cruz ◽  
Maurice Snook ◽  
Michael D McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Major Qtl

Resistance to corn earworm (CEW) (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) has been attributed to high concentrations of C-glycosyl flavones and chlorogenic acid in maize (Zea mays L.) silks. The most common C-glycosyl flavones isolated from maize silks are maysin, apimaysin, and methoxymaysin, which are distinguished by their B-ring substitutions. For a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of these compounds, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study with two populations: (Tx501 × NC7A)F2 and (Tx501 × Mp708)F2. For chlorogenic acid, maysin, and methoxymaysin concentration, the major QTL for both populations was located on chromosome 4 near umc1963. For apimaysin, the major QTL in both populations was located at the position of the pr1 locus on chromosome 5. The QTL alleles on chromosome 4 that increased the synthesis of methoxymaysin significantly decreased the synthesis of maysin and chlorogenic acid. This decrease in maysin concentration was four-fold greater than the increase in methoxymaysin. Our results indicate that the QTL on chromosome 4, responsible for the increase in methoxymaysin synthesis, alters the dynamics of both the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways.Key words: pr1, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, maysin, apimaysin, methoxymaysin.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Euxesta spp. (Diptera: Otitidae) in the corn crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e919
Author(s):  
Jessica Vasconcelos Ferreira ◽  
Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins ◽  
Raiana Rocha Pereira ◽  
Rayane Rocha Pereira ◽  
Mateus Higo Daves Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Area Of Influence

The aim of this study was to verify the pattern and the spatial and temporal behavior of the corn earworm and corn-silk fly in the corn crop. Hybrid corn was planted without chemical insect control in one hectare, this area was divided into 100 plots of 100 m². For the occurrence of Euxesta spp. all parts of the plants were visually analyzed, whereas for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) 10 ears were removed at random from each plot, totaling 1,000 ears per sample. Population fluctuation was related to the phenological stages of corn. For spatial behavior, the dispersion indices, frequency distribution models and geostatistics (Krigagem) were analyzed. The corn earworm (small and large) and corn-silk fly showed aggregate pattern and spatial behavior. The reach of caterpillars <1 cm had an area of influence greater than caterpillars > 1 cm, with spatial dependence being considered moderate. The corn-silk fly had a maximum area of influence of 1.33 ha with moderate and weak spatial dependence. The maps demonstrated that these insects occur dispersed throughout the corn area, but with aggregations influenced by the adjacent areas and edges of the crop. The largest occurrence of corn earworms was at the R3 stage. It was also found that the corn-silk fly followed the occurrence of the corn earworm. It is concluded that the studied pests have an aggregate spatial tendency in the corn crop and with the influence of adjacent areas, in addition to presenting related population peaks in the reproductive period of the corn crop.

scholarly journals Egg Albumin as a Protein Marker to Study Dispersal of Noctuidae in the Agroecosystem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Tavares ◽  
S V Paula-Moraes ◽  
A Valencia-Jimenez ◽  
T E Hunt ◽  
A M Vélez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Egg Albumin

Abstract Knowledge of dispersal and spatial dynamics of pest populations is fundamental for implementation of integrated pest management and integrated resistance management. This study evaluated 1) the effectiveness of egg white albumin protein to mark larvae and adults of two polyphagous and highly mobile pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (fall armyworm) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (corn earworm) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and 2) the sensitivity of polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (dot blot) in detecting albumin on marked insects. Laboratory and field experiments tested egg albumin as a protein marker, which was detected using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microplate, and dot blot. In the laboratory, 100% of the moths sprayed with 20% egg white solution acquired the albumin marker, which was detected through the last time point tested (5 d) after application. Egg albumin was not effective at long-term marking of larvae, detected only prior the molting to the next instar. Albumin application in field cages resulted in a high percentage of moths detected as marked at 24 h and 5 d for both species. Egg albumin applied in the open field resulted in 15% of the recaptured corn earworm moths marked with most of them collected 150 m from the application area, although some were captured as far as 1,600 m within approximately 6 d after adult emergence. The results indicated egg albumin is a suitable marker to study the dispersion of fall armyworm and corn earworm in the agroecosystem and dot blot was as effective to detect egg albumin as was indirect ELISA.

Stadia, Larval-Pupal Weight, and Width of Head Capsules of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) After Feeding on Varying Resistance Levels of Maize Silks

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
B. R. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. Isenhour ◽  
V. R. Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Maize Silks ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Weight of larvae, developmental time to pupation, weight of pupae, length of stadia, and width of head capsule were determined for larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), that were fed on meridic diets with silks of ‘Stowell's Evergreen’, a susceptible genotype, or low, intermediate, and high levels of ‘Zapalote Chico’, a corn, Zea mays L., cultivar with antibiotic resistance. As the level of resistance increased, the weight of larvae at 9 days and weight of pupae significantly decreased, and developmental time to pupation significantly increased. Also, as the concentration of resistant material increased in the diet, stadial length also significantly increased. The intermediate and high levels of resistance also resulted in a significant reduction in the width of the head capsule of larvae. Thus, two new characteristics of resistance in maize silks to the corn earworm were identified: increased stadia and decreased width of head capsule.

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