scholarly journals Fiscal policy sustainability in Nigeria: ARDL bounds testing technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Dauda Gbolagade Adebisi ◽  
Gbadebo Salako
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing ◽  
Fiscal Policy Sustainability

scholarly journals HOW DOES PENSIONS AFFECT SAVINGS IN NIGERIA? EVIDENCE FROM QUARTERLY DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-558
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Abu ◽  
Bilyaminu Kadandani ◽  
Ben Obi ◽  
Murtala Modibbo
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing ◽  
Short Run

This study investigates the effect of pensions on savings in Nigeria using quarterly data over the 2004-2015 period. Employing the ARDL bounds testing technique, the empirical evidence reveal that there is cointegration between pensions and savings, along with internal conflicts, unemployment, real interest rate and income level. The results indicate that pensions has a negative and significant effect on savings in the short-run, while its effect on savings is positive and significant in the long-run. These findings suggest that the availability of pensions will displace savings in the short-run, while it provides an avenue for individuals to increase their retirement income in the long-run, leading to higher national savings. In addition, internal conflicts and unemployment have a negative and significant effect on savings in the short-run and the long-run. Based on these findings, this study recommends policies to promote pension contributions, including reducing internal conflicts and unemployment to raise savings in Nigeria in the long-run.

scholarly journals An analysis of foreign aid and environmental degradation in Pakistan using the ARDL bounds testing technique (1972-2013)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Yousaf ◽  
Himayatullah Khan ◽  
Naila Erum ◽  
Saira Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing ◽  
Foreign Loans ◽  
Per Capita

The paper examines the relationship among foreign aid, per capita GDP, energy consumption, foreign direct investment and carbon emissions in Pakistan. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing technique is used for empirically testing using annual data from 1972 to 2013. The study uses carbon dioxide emission (CO2) as an indicator of environment quality. The two components of foreign aid (foreign loans and foreign grants) are used to measure the environmental impact of foreign assistance in Pakistan. The study finds that energy consumption, per capita GDP and FDI contribute positively to raise the carbon emissions in the country. Furthermore, foreign loans and grants are also found significant contributors to the degradation of environmental quality in case of Pakistan. Similarly, the short run results of the model indicate that the signs of the coefficients are consistent with the long run estimates. On the basis of its findings, the study suggests that effective policies be followed for reducing (CO2) emissions along with regulating FDI-environment and per capita GDP-environment relationship

A gene expression programming model for economy growth using knowledge-based economy indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ahmadi ◽  
Rahim Taghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Gene Expression Programming ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on modeling economy growth with indicators of knowledge-based economy (KBE) introduced by World Bank for a case study in Iran during 1993-2013. Design/methodology/approach First, for grouping and reducing the number of variables, Tukey method and the principal component analysis are used. Also for modeling, 67 per cent of data is used for training in the two approaches of ARDL bounds testing and gene expression programming (GEP) and 33 per cent of them for testing the models. Then, the result models are compared with fitness function and Akaike information criteria (AIC). Findings The GEP model with fitness 945.7461 for training data and 954.8403 for testing data from 1000 is better than ARDL bounds testing model with fitness 335.5479 from 1000. In addition, according to model comparison tools (AIC), the GEP model has an extremely larger weight in comparison with ARDL bounds model. Therefore, the GEP model is introduced for future use in academia. Practical implications Knowledge and information is one of the most basic sources of wealth in economists’ sight. Thus, using KBE indicators appears essential in economic growth regarding daily progress in knowledge processes and its different theories. It is also extremely important to determine an appropriate model for KBE indicators which play a highly important role in the allocation of the economic resources of the country in an optimal manner. Originality/value This paper introduced a novel expression for economy growth using KBE indicators. All the data and the indicators are extracted from Word Bank service between 1993 and 2013.

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