A SURVEY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF OPPORTUNISTIC SPECTRUM ACCESS ATTACK WITH ITS PREVENTIVE SENSING PROTOCOLS IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Monisha Ravi ◽  
Nisha Ravi ◽  
N. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack ◽  
Research Areas

Recently, the expansive growth of wireless services, regulated by governmental agencies assigning spectrum to licensed users, has led to a shortage of radio spectrum. Since the FCC (Federal Communications Commissions) approved unlicensed users to access the unused channels of the reserved spectrum, new research areas seeped in, to develop Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), in order to improve spectrum efficiency and to exploit this feature by enabling secondary users to gain from the spectrum in an opportunistic manner via optimally distributed traffic demands over the spectrum, so as to reduce the risk for monetary loss, from the unused channels. However, Cognitive Radio Networks become vulnerable to various classes of threats that decrease the bandwidth and spectrum usage efficiency. Hence, this survey deals with defining and demonstrating framework of one such attack called the Primary User Emulation Attack and suggests preventive Sensing Protocols to counteract the same. It presents a scenario of the attack and its prevention using Network Simulator-2 for the attack performances and gives an outlook on the various techniques defined to curb the anomaly.

scholarly journals Performance Metrics in Cognitive Radio Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), the main aim is to allow the secondary users (SUs) to identify the empty bands and use them to transmit or receive data opportunistically. Primary users (PUs) have the priority to use a channel, while the secondary users must vacant this channel once a primary user requests it. An attack known in cognitive radio networks as a Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) aims to prevent the SU from using the empty bands. In this paper, an analytical and experimental approach is presented to mitigate the PUEA. This approach is based on obtaining the Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of the received powers at the secondary users from malicious nodes and also from the primary transmitter in the cognitive network. Then, these obtained PDFs are used in Neyman-Pearson composite hypothesis test to measure the performance metrics (probability of false alarm and miss detection in the network). The results proved that the performance metrics were greatly influenced by the network area, where the secondary user is located, and the threshold value λ used in the decision rule. Also, there are boundaries for the λ choices that cannot be overtaken.

scholarly journals Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Users' Reputation Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Ammar ◽  
Salahedin A. Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Fusion Center ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive Radio (CR) can be defined as a technology that allows users to change the transmission parameters as required to increase the spectrum efficiency. Because of this mechanism, some threats emerge. Two major threats are found in CR. The first is the Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA), where the attacker is able to transmit at a forbidden time slot effectively, emulating the signals of the primary user. This makes all the system users believe that the spectrum is occupied by a good primary user.  The second threat is known as the spectrum sensing data falsification attack (SSDF). In this case, the attackers send false observation information, intentionally or unintentionally, to the fusion center (FC), causing it to make the wrong decision. In this study, the scheme presented  was based on a users' reputation for secure spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. Each Secondary User (SU) performs local sensing and then forwards the sensing results to the main fusion center FC. The FC makes the final decision about the presence of the primary user based on the proposed approach. The schemes substantially reduce the effect of cognitive users with low reputation values while improving the impact of cognitive users with the high reputation values on the final decision. It has been verified that the proposed approach can improve the sensing performance under the impact of a different number of reliable and unreliable users in a CR network. Results based on simulation show that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional majority scheme despite a high number of malicious users.

Throughput performance under primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. e3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Yadav ◽  
Binod Prasad ◽  
Abhijit Bhowmick ◽  
Sanjay Dhar Roy ◽  
Sumit Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Throughput Performance ◽  
Primary User Emulation Attack ◽  
Primary User Emulation
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