An Efficient Algorithm for Ocean-Front Evolution Trend Recognition

Marine hydrological elements are of vital importance in marine surveys. The evolution of these elements can have a profound effect on the relationship between human activities and marine hydrology. Therefore, the detection and explanation of the evolution laws of marine hydrological elements are urgently needed. In this paper, a novel method, named Evolution Trend Recognition (ETR), is proposed to recognize the trend of ocean fronts, being the most important information in the ocean dynamic process. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on the task of ocean-front trend classification. A novel classification algorithm is first proposed for recognizing the ocean-front trend, in terms of the ocean-front scale and strength. Then, the GoogLeNet Inception network is trained to classify the ocean-front trend, i.e., enhancing or attenuating. The ocean-front trend is classified using the deep neural network, as well as a physics-informed classification algorithm. The two classification results are combined to make the final decision on the trend classification. Furthermore, two novel databases were created for this research, and their generation method is described, to foster research in this direction. These two databases are called the Ocean-Front Tracking Dataset (OFTraD) and the Ocean-Front Trend Dataset (OFTreD). Moreover, experiment results show that our proposed method on OFTreD achieves a higher classification accuracy, which is 97.5%, than state-of-the-art networks. This demonstrates that the proposed ETR algorithm is highly promising for trend classification.

Asymptotically Optimal Sequential Design for Rank Aggregation

A sequential design problem for rank aggregation is commonly encountered in psychology, politics, marketing, sports, etc. In this problem, a decision maker is responsible for ranking K items by sequentially collecting noisy pairwise comparisons from judges. The decision maker needs to choose a pair of items for comparison in each step, decide when to stop data collection, and make a final decision after stopping based on a sequential flow of information. Because of the complex ranking structure, existing sequential analysis methods are not suitable. In this paper, we formulate the problem under a Bayesian decision framework and propose sequential procedures that are asymptotically optimal. These procedures achieve asymptotic optimality by seeking a balance between exploration (i.e., finding the most indistinguishable pair of items) and exploitation (i.e., comparing the most indistinguishable pair based on the current information). New analytical tools are developed for proving the asymptotic results, combining advanced change of measure techniques for handling the level crossing of likelihood ratios and classic large deviation results for martingales, which are of separate theoretical interest in solving complex sequential design problems. A mirror-descent algorithm is developed for the computation of the proposed sequential procedures.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe): Open • Conference submission management system: [email protected] • Number of submissions received: 70 • Number of submissions sent for review: 60 • Number of submissions accepted: 53 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 75.71 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 5 groups with a total of 20 reviewers (each group consists of a lead reviewer and 3 reviewers, each reviewer reviews about 6 papers on average) • Any additional info on review process: Authors will submit their papers through the official email address of the conference, and the deadline for submission is September 23, 2021. The person in charge of the mailbox of the conference committee will sort out all the submissions, divide them into groups and distribute them equally to 5 review groups. The review groups will return comments one after another within 2 weeks, and the person in charge of the conference committee wills feedback the comments to the authors. Each paper was reviewed by two reviewers who gave their own comments: Papers with good quality and themes will be accepted directly, and the authors can register for the next stage of the conference; for papers with medium quality, revision suggestions will be given, and then the review groups will decide whether to accept them or not after the authors revise and return; For papers with very poor quality, the review groups will give rejection suggestions. All involved reviewers are recognized specialists in fields covered by the Conference. The final decision regarding acceptance/revision/rejection was based on reviews received from the reviewers. If the two reviewers cannot agree on a recommendation, the final at the sole discretion of the lead reviewer. The authors themselves do not have any decision on whether their papers are accepted or not. The final approved papers will be registered until October 15, 2021. The conference committee will send the invitation to the accepted authors and submit the information of the authors’ papers to the publishers. Contact person for queries: Name: Xiangtao Wang Affiliation:Shaanxi higher education alliance Email: [email protected]

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single-blind • Conference submission management system: Microsoft CMT - https://cmt3.research.microsoft.com/ • Number of submissions received: 28 • Number of submissions sent for review: 28 • Number of submissions accepted: 17 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 60.71% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 31 • Any additional info on review process: All manuscripts submitted to the CIEES’2021 conference were single-blind peer-reviewed and are carried out to meet the scientific criteria of novelty and academic excellence. The review process was conducted according to the review policy of IOP conference series - each paper was reviewed by at least two reviewers involving both national and international reviewers. During the discussion phase, International Scientific Committee members and the Programme Committee members discussed the reviews in detail. The rebuttals from the authors were also seriously considered. The final decision to accept a paper was entirely based on quality and not its length. • Contact person for queries: Assoc. Prof. Teodor Iliev, PhD, Department of Telecommunications, University of Ruse, Bulgaria, E-mail: [email protected]

An Ensemble approach for feature selection and classification in intrusion detection using Extra-Tree algorithm

The number of attacks increased with speedy development in web communication in the last couple of years. The Anomaly Detection method for IDS has become substantial in detecting novel attacks in Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Achieving high accuracy are the significant challenges in designing an intrusion detection system. It also emphasizes applying different feature selection techniques to identify the most suitable feature subset. The author uses Extremely randomized trees (Extra-Tree) for feature importance. The author tries multiple thresholds on the feature importance parameters to find the best features. If single classifiers use, then the classifier's output is wrong, so that the final decision may be wrong. So The author uses an Extra-Tree classifier applied to the best-selected features. The proposed method is estimated on standard datasets KDD CUP'99, NSL-KDD, and UNSW-NB15. The experimental results show that the proposed approach performs better than existing methods in detection rate, false alarm rate, and accuracy.

A REVIEW ON DECISION PROTOCOL AND FATWA IN MALAYSIA DISCUSSING ISSUE OF WITHHOLDING AND WITHDRAWAL OF LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments is one of the hot topics discussing in intensive care unit as most of the death occurs as a result of it. This point of transition from active intervention to the palliation process required a crucial decision-making process. The decision conveys information to families to be well prepared beforehand especially during the process of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Once the final decision to withdraw the treatment has been made, procedure of cessation of care, treatment withdrawal and nature of follow-up support will be informed to the family members. This article aims to explore the relationship between decision in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment based on Malaysian intensive care unit protocol and the related fatwa in Malaysia. The methodology chosen for this study is content analysis of the relevant published literatures. This study reveals the decision for withholding and withdrawal life sustaining treatment in intensive care unit has correlation between the protocol and related fatwa in Malaysia.

Understanding the Effects of Stigma Associated with Therapy

The purpose of our study is to understand the effects of the stigma associated with therapy in the final decision of people whether to seek psychotherapy or not. The study is based on a game-theoretical model which tries to explain the negative effects of the stigma on the total payoff one gets from therapy. The stigma arises from a lack of information on the importance of mental wellbeing. We hypothesise, and our data validates our claim that the people belonging to the age group of 18-25, are amongst the first generations to have received formal education on mental health and its importance, and thus we keep that age group out of our study. The model states that if the sum of the costs, namely the fear of judgement (direct stigma), the presumption of no real benefit arising from therapy (indirect stigma), and even the monetary cost, is more than the perceived benefit, people don’t seek therapy. To validate this model, we collect primary data of 251 respondents, filter out the responses of those belonging to the age bracket of 18-25 because of the reasons mentioned above, leaving us with 67 responses, enough to assume normality. We regress the variable, “Whether people consider seeking therapy in the future or not” on the following cost variables. The beta coefficients of the stigma cost variables come out to be significant and negative. Thus, our model correctly explains the reason why people may decide to not seek psychotherapy. Keywords: Mental Health, Stigma, Therapy, Game Theory

Construction of Comprehensive Geological Model for an Iraqi Oil Reservoir

The paper generates a geological model of a giant Middle East oil reservoir, the model constructed based on the field data of 161 wells. The main aim of the paper was to recognize the value of the reservoir to investigate the feasibility of working on the reservoir modeling prior to the final decision of the investment for further development of this oilfield. Well log, deviation survey, 2D/3D interpreted seismic structural maps, facies, and core test were utilized to construct the developed geological model based on comprehensive interpretation and correlation processes using the PETREL platform. The geological model mainly aims to estimate stock-tank oil initially in place of the reservoir. In addition, three scenarios were applied based on sensitivity and uncertainty of five variables to determine an accurate estimation of stock-tank oil initially in place of the reservoir. The oil-water contact appeared to be the major uncertain parameter for stock-tank oil initially in place estimation because the available geological and field data was not enough to demonstrate it confidently, and only 13% of the total wells have penetrated the water zone in the Mishrif formation. The results of all scenarios indicate that the reservoir has huge stock-tank oil initially in place. The importance of developing this oilfield is validated by its very high stock-tank oil. This is where the value of this study becomes obvious.

Preventing exclusion: the role of therapists and parents in the inclusion of a disabled child in the education system

Choosing an educational system for a disabled child already at the stage of pre-school education is a difficult and stressful experience for parents, which regardless of the final decision, raises many doubts. Certain questions arise: ‘where there is a place in the education system for the child with a disability certificate?’, ‘where the child can develop best?’, but also ‘where the child simply feels happy and does not experience exclusion?’. Many things depend on the level of the child’s disability, on key choices made by parents, and on the quality of cooperation, both in the three-way parent-therapist-child relationship, but also in the two-way parent-child and therapist-child relationships. Parents more and more often make decisions about inclusive education, where a child can develop amongst non-disabled peers. This article focuses primarily on the role of parents and therapists in the process of including a disabled child in the education system, the potential of cooperation, but also the fears, difficulties and expectations accompanying both sides.

OVERVIEW OF PATIENT PREFERENCES IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF EARLY BREAST CANCERS

Objective: To determine patient preferences in the surgical options of early breast cancers and surgeon’s role in the decisionmaking. Study Design: cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Breast Surgery Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: Patients having early carcinoma breast were studied, i.e., clinical stage 1 or 2, and their surgical preference was recorded. The cases were discussed in multidisciplinary meetings, and a discussion session with patient conducted and then final decision taken from the patient was recorded again, and the results compared. Results: A total of 28 patients were included in this study and their surgical preferences recorded. Of these patients 22 (78.5%) agreed to breast conservation initially, whereas one of the patients wanted mastectomy. Five (17.8%) patients were undecided between the two. After multidisciplinary team recommendation and discussion with surgeon, only one patient opted for mastectomy (3.6%). Conclusion: Patients with early breast cancer when offered a surgical decision between breast conservation and mastectomy mostly opt for breast conservation; those who select mastectomy do so because of the fear of recurrence.