Facing the “Sledge Hammer of Truth”
In 1837, Angelina Grimké and the education reformer Catherine Beecher engaged in a highly charged public interchange over the abolition of slavery and the rights of women. To explore her unique theoretical contributions, Grimké’s rhetoric of sympathy is compared with Adam Smith’s Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. Grimké advances a powerful defense against Beecher’s critique by offering a theory of sympathy that, unlike sentimentality, carefully balances reason with emotion. Employing rhetorical strategies similar to those outlined by Smith, Grimké conveys a moral and political teaching, in particular, a theory of universal human rights, which is crucial to abolitionism and the advancement of women’s rights. Yet she expands Smith’s understanding through poignant examples in which sympathy can unite the enfranchised and the marginalized and lead to change.