Encontros na Península, de Milton Hatoum: Um diálogo com A causa secreta, de Machado de Assis / Encontros na Península, by Milton Hatoum: A dialogue with the Secret Cause, by Machado de Assis

Resumo: Nesse artigo temos como objetivo apresentar uma leitura comparada do conto “Encontros na Península”, de Milton Hatoum com “A causa secreta”, de Machado de Assis. Ao longo do trabalho apresentamos algumas reflexões em torno da pergunta da personagem Victoria Soller. Teoricamente nos baseamos em Carvalhal (2004) com a obra Literatura Comparada, e em Bakhtin Dialogismo e Polifonia (2016). Notamos através das relações intertextuais que o conto “Encontros na Península” dialoga com alguns textos machadianos. Palavras-chave: Machado de Assis; Milton Hatoum; Literatura comparada. Abstract: In this article we aim to present a comparative reading of the short story “Encontros na Península”, by Milton Hatoum with “A causa secreta”, by Machado de Assis. Throughout the work, we present some reflections on the question of the character Victoria Soller. Theoretically, we are based on Carvalhal (2004) with the book Comparative Literature, and on Bakhtin Dialogismo e Polifonia (2016). Through the intertextual relationships, we noticed that the short story “Encontros na Península” dialogues with some Machadian texts. Keywords: Machado de Assis; Milton Hatoum; Comparative literature.

Human Mind and its Psychological Disposition:

The current paper aims to provide the venue to the spiritual insights of Ghazalian thought to be integrated into the study of Freudian psychoanalysis. The study has adopted descriptive and analytical approach to make a comparative analysis of Ghazalian concept of nafs e lawwamma and Freudian superego. Zepetnek’s (1998) theory of comparative literature has provided the guidelines for an in depth analysis of both the models. This analytical approach may lead to an alternative critical agenda for the better understanding of human psyche. Moreover, the present study emanates from the assumption that though Freudian psychoanalytic theory has provided insightful psychological considerations, equally appropriate readings will possibly result from analyzing Ghazalian theory of soul. Simultaneously, it is also hoped that the insights yielded by this research study may open new panoramas for the study of human nature.

JATISABA (2015) AND ELEVEN MINUTES (2003) FROM A PSYCHOANALYTIC FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This study analyzes Jatisaba, a novel by Ramayda Akmal and Eleven Minutes, a novel by Paulo Coelho, within a comparative literature framework. It aims to compare the transformation of the main female characters and their struggle to survive in both novels. By means of a descriptive qualitative method, the research was conducted from a psychoanalytic feminist perspective. This perspective believes that women are not born inferior, but some factors in her life have been placing them in an inferior position to men. The study resulted in the following findings. First, the main characters of both novels, Mae and Maria, underwent a psychological transformation throughout their life journeys of surviving human trafficking, sexual harassment and prostitution and navigating their love lives Both of them were brought up by a mother with a strong character that could protect them from castration and gender inferiority as a woman. Second, Mae and Maria’s struggle to survive became the cause of their resistance against patriarchal values with the power of their femininity. Third, the difference between the endings of the two novels reflects the different social and cultural values in the respective stories that greatly influence the female characters’ lives. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa novel Jatisaba karya Ramayda Akmal dari Indonesia dan Eleven Minutes karya Paulo Coelho dari Brazil menggunakan pendekatan sastra banding. Penelitian ini mengungkap transformasi karakter dari tokoh utama perempuan dalam kedua novel dan cara mereka bertahan hidup dalam dunia yang didominasi oleh budaya patriarki. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan perspektif feminis psikoanalisis. Perspektif ini berpandangan bahwa perempuan tidak dilahirkan sebagai makhluk inferior, tetapi ada beberapa faktor dalam hidup mereka yang dapat menyebabkan mereka berada pada posisi inferior. Hasil penelitian mengungkap tiga hal berikut ini. Pertama, transformasi psikologis dari tokoh utama perempuan dalam kedua novel, Mae dan Maria, merupakan hasil dari perjalanan hidup mereka melalui pengalaman-pengalaman seperti perdagangan manusia, kekerasan seksual dan prostitusi serta kehidupan percintaan. Keduanya dibesarkan oleh sosok ibu yang tangguh yang melindungi mereka dari kastrasi dan inferioritas sebagai perempuan. Kedua, perjuangan untuk bertahan hidup yang ditunjukkan Maria dan Mae menggambarkan perlawanan terhadap nilai-nilai patriarki menggunakan femininitas mereka Ketiga, pengaruh faktor-faktor sosial dan budaya terhadap pembentukan karakter kedua tokoh utama tersebut tercermin dalam akhir cerita yang berbeda antara novel Jatisaba dan Eleven Minutes.

Middle East Popular Politics in Gramscian Perspective

This article outlines a theoretical framework for researching popular politics in the Middle East and North Africa. It sketches a Gramscian alternative to existing approaches in materialist Marxism, cultural studies, and social movement studies. It also aims to think a Gramsci useful to historians, political scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists, beyond the common loci of Gramsci scholarship in political theory, comparative literature, and international relations. With a start point in Gramsci's philosophy of praxis, it puts forward a concept of popular politics as a mostly slow-moving, complex, and many-layered transformative activity, a form of historical protagonism comprising a variety of moments, capable of working changes on existing forms of hegemony and founding new social relations. The point is to enable researchers in Middle East studies to see and research popular politics, carry on a critique of transformative activity, and inform transformation in the present.

Capacity, incentives, and mandate responsiveness

The absence of significant agenda-setting effects of party platforms in the UK, as found in all other countries, seems counterintuitive: the comparative literature would predict the greatest impact in majoritarian systems, while counter-majoritarian institutions are meant to dilute governing parties’ policymaking powers. Comparing different political and institutional configurations in each country over time, we can confirm such a moderating impact of counter-majoritarian institutions and coalition constraints. We then show that party incentives may help to disentangle the British paradox. High incentives in electoral periods are associated with strong programme-to-policy linkages, in particular in the UK. We conclude that majoritarian systems provide governing parties with extended institutional powers to implement their mandate, although this may limit their incentives: opposition parties have less opportunity to pressurize them and scrutinize any drift away from mandate priorities. Consensual systems limit governing parties’ institutional power, but the ‘tunnel’ of attention may generate strong incentives to stick to campaign priorities.

New Parameterized Inequalities for η-Quasiconvex Functions via (p, q)-Calculus

In this work, first, we consider novel parameterized identities for the left and right part of the (p,q)-analogue of Hermite–Hadamard inequality. Second, using these new parameterized identities, we give new parameterized (p,q)-trapezoid and parameterized (p,q)-midpoint type integral inequalities via η-quasiconvex function. By changing values of parameter μ∈[0,1], some new special cases from the main results are obtained and some known results are recaptured as well. Finally, at the end, an application to special means is given as well. This new research has the potential to establish new boundaries in comparative literature and some well-known implications. From an application perspective, the proposed research on the η-quasiconvex function has interesting results that illustrate the applicability and superiority of the results obtained.

Explorer les frontières poreuses de la poésie. Variations prigentiennes

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the prigentian poetical experience of deconstruction and the poetry conceived as a work in progress based this time on an inter-art dialogue. At the crossroads of literary theory and comparative literature, we will explore the author’s efforts to redefine the limits of the poetical experience and his intentions to even erase the conventional boundaries between literary or artistic categories. Since the poetical oeuvres of Prigent, as well as his theoretical work advance various reflections on the limits of the language and the medium of expression, we aim to analyze how this aspects impact the relation between text and image in the prigentian poetical work. Eventually, our work interrogates the role of the intertextual and intermedial dialogue in Prigent’s attempt to radically redefine the limits of the poetical experience.