After Fukushima: Veto Players and Japanese Nuclear Policy

Japan ◽  
1953 ◽  
pp. 110-138
Author(s):  
Jacques E. C. Hymans
Keyword(s):  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques E.C. Hymans

The basic insight of the “veto players” literature from comparative politics—the more veto players, the more policy rigidity—has been nearly absent from the study of nuclear proliferation. Yet, when states need mutual agreement among a large number of veto players, this greatly lengthens the odds against radical nuclear policy change. The veto players perspective helps to explain the historical resilience of Japan's fifty-year pursuit of a complete nuclear fuel cycle for exclusively peaceful purposes. Although a long line of Japan observers have focused on statements by Japanese politicians suggesting the possibility of redirecting some of the country's large nuclear estate toward military ends, Japan's traditional nuclear policy has in fact become increasingly entrenched over the years, given the rising number of institutionalized veto players in its nuclear policymaking arena. This point is relevant not only to the long-standing question of whether Japan will acquire nuclear weapons, but also to the post-Fukushima disaster question of whether Japan will exit the nuclear field entirely.


1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073-1074
Author(s):  
Ralph K. White
Keyword(s):  

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tertrais
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (158) ◽  
pp. 45-76
Author(s):  
Rafał Glajcar
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Matthew Kroenig

This chapter provides a summary introduction to the book. It explains the central question the book addresses and why it is important. Namely, it asks why academic nuclear deterrence theory maintains that nuclear superiority does not matter, but policymakers often behave as if it does. It then provides a brief explanation of the answer to this question: the superiority-brinkmanship synthesis theory. It discusses the implications of the argument for international relations theory and for US nuclear policy. In contrast to previous scholarship, the argument of this book provides the first coherent explanation for why nuclear superiority matters even if both sides possess a secure, second-strike capability. In so doing, it helps to resolve what may be the longest-standing, intractable, and important puzzle in the scholarly study of nuclear strategy. It concludes with a description of the plan for the rest of the book.


Author(s):  
Francesco Zucchini
Keyword(s):  

Introduzione La maggior parte degli studi sul parlamento italiano durante la prima repubblica, rende conto delle caratteristiche permanenti della produzione legislativa (Di Palma 1978; 1987). Gli studiosi che hanno prestato attenzione al mutamento hanno finito per considerarlo come la manifestazione matura di quei fattori. Sia le spiegazioni delle caratteristiche generali del processo legislativo nel parlamento italiano, sia le spiegazioni della sua evoluzione nel tempo appaiono problematiche. Se per esempio la polarizzazione e la sfiducia reciproca fra le principali forze politiche servono a spiegare l'assenza (o la presunta assenza) di grandi riforme e sostanziali mutamenti di politica (Di Palma 1978; Sartori 1974), perché è proprio quando la polarizzazione, e verosimilmente anche il grado di sfiducia, si attenuano che il governo fatica maggiormente a ottenere per vie ordinarie l'approvazione dei propri disegni di legge, normalmente dal contenuto più ambizioso e indirizzati ad una platea più ampia di quelli di origine parlamentare? Se l'elevato grado di consenso nell'approvazione delle leggi è una conseguenza della peculiare attitudine culturale della nostra classe politica all'accordo, se non addirittura alla collusione (Pizzorno 1993), perché lo stesso fenomeno è presente in altri sistemi politici, come per esempio negli Stati Uniti, della cui somiglianza culturale al caso italiano è lecito dubitare?


Author(s):  
Karolina Borońska-Hryniewiecka ◽  
Jan Grinc

This article offers the first ever comparative analysis of the involvement of V4 parliaments in the sphere of European Union (EU) affairs. Its underlying research objective is to determine what conditions V4’s parliamentary participation in various EU-oriented activities such as domestic scrutiny of the government’s EU policy, the political dialogue with the Commission, the Early Warning System for subsidiarity control, and the green card initiative. Based on the actual scrutiny output, parliamentary minutes, and data from questionnaires, we address the questions: (1) To what extent domestic legislatures act as autonomous as opposed to government-supporting actors in these arenas? (2) Do they mostly act as EU veto players, or try to contribute constructively to the EU policy-making process by bringing alternative policy ideas? (3) What are their motivations for engaging in direct dialogue with EU institutions in addition to domestic scrutiny? and (4) How MPs envisage their own EU-oriented roles? While the article reveals that V4 parliaments mostly act as gatekeepers in the sphere of EU affairs, it also casts a new light on the previous literature findings related to the EU-oriented performance of the Czech and Polish lower chambers. We conclude that, generally, V4 parliaments refrain from fully exploiting their relatively strong formal prerogatives in EU affairs—a fact that can be partly explained by the composition of their ruling majorities.


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