Women without a College Degree, Especially Minority Mothers, Face a Steeper Road to Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Tuzemen
Keyword(s):  
College Degree

scholarly journals Participant education, spousal education and dementia risk in a diverse cohort of members of an integrated health care delivery system in Northern California

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e040233
Author(s):  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Elizabeth Rose Mayeda ◽  
Chloe W Eng ◽  
Oanh L Meyer ◽  
M Maria Glymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Education College ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Participant Education ◽  
Spousal Education

ObjectiveThe role of spousal education on dementia risk and how it may differ by gender or race/ethnicity is unknown. This study examines the association between one’s own education separate from and in conjunction with spousal education and risk of dementia.DesignCohort.SettingKaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated health care delivery system.Participants8835 members of KPNC who were aged 40–55, married and reported own and spousal education in 1964–1973.Primary outcome measureDementia cases were identified through medical records from 1 January 1996 to 30 September 2017.MethodsOwn and spousal education was self-reported in 1964–1973 and each was classified as four indicator variables (≤high school, trade school/some college, college degree and postgraduate) and as ≥college degree versus <college degree. Age as timescale weighted Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics and health indicators evaluated associations between participant education, spousal education and dementia risk overall and by gender and race/ethnicity.ResultsThe cohort was 37% non-white, 46% men and 30% were diagnosed with dementia during follow-up from 1996 to 2017 (mean follow-up=12.7 years). Greater participant education was associated with lower dementia risk independent of spousal education, demographics and health indicators. Greater spousal education was associated with lower dementia adjusting for demographics but became non-significant after further adjustment for participant education. The same pattern was seen for spousal education ≥college degree (not adjusting for participant education HRspousal education≥college degree=0.83 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.90); adjusting for participant education HRspousal education≥college degree=0.92 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.01)). These associations did not vary by gender or race/ethnicity.ConclusionIn a large diverse cohort, we found that higher levels of participant’s own education were associated with lower dementia risk regardless of spousal education. An inverse association between spousal education and dementia risk was also present, however, the effects became non-significant after adjusting for participant education.

scholarly journals What is the effect of a decision aid on knowledge, values and preferences for lung cancer screening? An online pre–post study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045160
Author(s):  
Stephen D Clark ◽  
Daniel S Reuland ◽  
Alison T Brenner ◽  
Michael P Pignone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Out Of Pocket Costs

ObjectiveTo examine if a decision aid improves knowledge of lung cancer screening benefits and harms and which benefits and harms are most valued.DesignPre–post study.SettingOnline.Participants219 current or former (quit within the previous 15 years) smokers ages 55–80 with at least 30 pack-years of smoking.InterventionLung cancer screening video decision aid.Main measuresScreening knowledge tested by 10 pre–post questions and value of benefits and harms (reducing chance of death from lung cancer, risk of being diagnosed, false positives, biopsies, complications of biopsies and out-of-pocket costs) assessed through rating (1–5 scale) and ranking (top three ranked).ResultsMean age was 64.7±6.1, 42.5% were male, 75.4% white, 48.4% married, 28.9% with less than a college degree and 67.6% with income <US$50 000. Knowledge improved postdecision aid (pre 2.8±1.8 vs post 5.8±2.3, diff +3.0, 95% CI 2.7 to 3.3; p<0.001). For values, reducing the chance of death from lung cancer was rated and ranked highest overall (rating 4.3±1.0; 59.4% ranked first). Among harms, avoiding complications (3.7±1.3) and out-of-pocket costs (3.7±1.2) rated highest. Thirty-four per cent ranked one of four harms highest: avoiding costs 13.2%, false positives 7.3%, biopsies 7.3%, complications 5.9%. Screening intent was balanced (1–4 scale; 1-not likely 21.0%, 4-very likely 26.9%). Those ‘not likely’ to screen had greater improvement in pre–post knowledge scores and more frequently ranked a harm first than those ‘very likely’ to screen (pre–post diff:+3.5 vs +2.6, diff +0.9; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.8; p=0.023; one of four harms ranked first: 28.4% vs 11.3%, p<0.001).ConclusionsOur decision aid increased lung cancer screening knowledge among a diverse sample of screen-eligible respondents. Although a majority valued ‘reducing the chance of death from lung cancer’ highest, a substantial proportion identified harms as most important. Knowledge improvement and ranking harms highest were associated with lower intention to screen.

Spitzensport versus Studium? Organisationswandel und Netzwerkbildung als strukturelle Lösungen des Inklusionsproblems studierender Spitzensportler / Top-level Sports versus University Studies? Changes in Organizations and Networking as Structural Solutions for Inclusion Problems of Top-Level Athletes Who Work on a College Degree

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Riedl ◽  
Carmen Borggrefe ◽  
Klaus Cachay
Keyword(s):  
College Degree ◽  
Inclusion Problems ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Structural Solutions

ZusammenfassungSpitzensport zu betreiben und gleichzeitig ein Hochschulstudium zu absolvieren, scheint unter den derzeitigen Umständen nahezu unmöglich. Der Artikel konstruiert dieses Phänomen der Unvereinbarkeit zweier Karrieren zunächst gesellschaftstheoretisch als Inklusionsproblem. Da eine merkliche Verbesserung der Situation der Athleten letztlich nur auf Seiten der Hochschule erwartet werden darf, werden anschließend aus organisationstheoretischer Perspektive die dortigen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen interner Strukturveränderungen reflektiert. Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie Hochschulen mit den Erwartungen des Spitzensports umgehen können und in welcher Weise sich im Rahmen von Netzwerken womöglich doch Kooperationsbeziehungen zwischen den beteiligten Organisationen zugunsten studierender Spitzensportler aufbauen lassen.

The Era of Meanness: Welfare Reform and Barriers to a College Degree

Affilia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne A. Weikart
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
College Degree

A House and a College Degree

1927 ◽  
Vol 106 (14) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
Artemisia B. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
College Degree

scholarly journals Inequality in Context: Neighborhood Environments and the Association Among Education and Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Neighborhood Environments ◽  
Using Data

The association among a college degree and health is know to vary, in strength, across subsections of the United States population. Recent literature suggests that educational gradients in health are particularly dependent on contextual environments; higher-level social features, such as state of residence, have indeed been shown to modify how advanced educational credentials matters to well-being. To add resolution to this emerging insight, this study examines how \neighborhood environments, an especially salient level of geographic organization, impact educational gradients in the US. Using data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n = 3,105) and Bayesian multilevel regression models, I examine how educational disparities in self-rated health and depressive symptomatology, between college and non-college degree holders, grow/shrink in response to a neighborhood-provided resource and with exposure to a neighborhood-level health challenge. Findings suggest that how tightly coupled a college degree is with well-being is strongly contingent upon one's immediate external risks, but less so on one's access to neighborhood social resources.

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