DEVELOPING THE VOICE OF A HISTORIAN IN FRENCH-MEDIUM CLIL HISTORY COURSES. A STUDY AMONG FLEMISH ADOLESCENTS.

The purpose of this article is to show how one urban school district dealt with a perceived need to improve its effectiveness in diagnosing and treating voice disorders. The local school district established semiannual voice clinics. Students aged 5-18 were referred, screened, and selected for the clinics if they appeared to have a chronic voice problem. The specific procedures used in setting up the voice clinics and the subsequent changes made over a 10-year period are presented.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy and Voice

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig3-2018-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 607-614

Author(s):

Jean Abitbol

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Low Dose ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Female Voice ◽

Fat Cells ◽

High Pitch ◽

Endocrine Effects ◽

The Voice

The purpose of this article is to update the management of the treatment of the female voice at perimenopause and menopause. Voice and hormones—these are 2 words that clash, meet, and harmonize. If we are to solve this inquiry, we shall inevitably have to understand the hormones, their impact, and the scars of time. The endocrine effects on laryngeal structures are numerous: The actions of estrogens and progesterone produce modification of glandular secretions. Low dose of androgens are secreted principally by the adrenal cortex, but they are also secreted by the ovaries. Their effect may increase the low pitch and decease the high pitch of the voice at menopause due to important diminution of estrogens and the privation of progesterone. The menopausal voice syndrome presents clinical signs, which we will describe. I consider menopausal patients to fit into 2 broad types: the “Modigliani” types, rather thin and slender with little adipose tissue, and the “Rubens” types, with a rounded figure with more fat cells. Androgen derivatives are transformed to estrogens in fat cells. Hormonal replacement therapy should be carefully considered in the context of premenopausal symptom severity as alternative medicine. Hippocrates: “Your diet is your first medicine.”

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