The Use of Single-Subject Design in Rehabilitation Counseling Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
Michael Gerald ◽  
Noel Estrada-Hernández ◽  
John Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Single Subject Designs

BackgroundThe utility of single-subject designs as a practical methodology for rehabilitation professionals working in the field and one that allows researchers the flexibility to identify or change treatments in the event their participant or client is not responding has been established for nearly a century (Dixon, 2002). However, a content analysis of the presence of single-subject research in rehabilitation research has been absent from the rehabilitation literature.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the usability of single study designs as a research tool that contributes to the identification of Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) in rehabilitation counseling.MethodsThrough manual and electronic searches of the literature, the authors identified journals and subsequently articles that clearly stated the use of single-subject design as their method of data collection and analysis.ResultsBetween 2001 to 2016, there have been a total of eight articles published that have either utilized single-subject experimental designs or provided an overview of the methods.ConclusionsA critical review of the rehabilitation literature indicated that single-subject methodologies have been recognized as contributing to the identification of EBPs, yet studies utilizing a single-subject methodology continue to be rare. The paucity of single-subject design may be the result of a lack of training opportunities, lack of models in the rehabilitation literature, and assumptions that single-subject design utility is limited to behavioral research.

SSDOnt: An Ontology for Representing Single-Subject Design Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Jesus Bermúdez ◽  
Arantza Illarramendi ◽  
Idoia Berges
Keyword(s):  
Description Logic ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Research Studies

Summary Background: Single-Subject Design is used in several areas such as education and biomedicine. However, no suited formal vocabulary exists for annotating the detailed configuration and the results of this type of research studies with the appropriate granularity for looking for information about them. Therefore, the search for those study designs relies heavily on a syntactical search on the abstract, keywords or full text of the publications about the study, which entails some limitations. Objective: To present SSDOnt, a specific purpose ontology for describing and annotating single-subject design studies, so that complex questions can be asked about them afterwards. Methods: The ontology was developed following the NeOn methodology. Once the requirements of the ontology were defined, a formal model was described in a Description Logic and later implemented in the ontology language OWL 2 DL. Results: We show how the ontology provides a reference model with a suitable terminology for the annotation and searching of single-subject design studies and their main components, such as the phases, the intervention types, the outcomes and the results. Some mappings with terms of related ontologies have been established. We show as proof-of-concept that classes in the ontology can be easily extended to annotate more precise information about specific interventions and outcomes such as those related to autism. Moreover, we provide examples of some types of queries that can be posed to the ontology. Conclusions: SSDOnt has achieved the purpose of covering the descriptions of the domain of single-subject research studies.

scholarly journals Effect Size for Single-Subject Design in Phonological Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1464-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Gierut ◽  
Michele L. Morrisette ◽  
Stephanie L. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Potential Child ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Phonological Treatment

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to document, validate, and corroborate effect size (ES) for single-subject design in treatment of children with functional phonological disorders; to evaluate potential child-specific contributing variables relative to ES; and to establish benchmarks for interpretation of ES for the population.MethodData were extracted from the Developmental Phonologies Archive for 135 preschool children with phonological disorders who previously participated in single-subject experimental treatment studies. Standard mean differenceall with correction for continuitywas computed to gauge the magnitude of generalization gain that accrued longitudinally from treatment for each child with the data aggregated for purposes of statistical analyses.ResultsES ranged from 0.09 to 27.83 for the study population. ES was positively correlated with conventional measures of phonological learning and visual inspection of learning data on the basis of procedures standard to single-subject design. ES was linked to children's performance on diagnostic assessments of phonology but not other demographic characteristics or related linguistic skills and nonlinguistic skills. Benchmarks for interpretation of ES were estimated as 1.4, 3.6, and 10.1 for small, medium, and large learning effects, respectively.ConclusionFindings have utility for single-subject research and translation of research to evidence-based practice for children with phonological disorders.

Moving to Educational Validity: A Reply to Test, Spooner, and Cooke

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Evans ◽  
Luanna H. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Students With Severe Disabilities

Our article on educational validity summarized the major questions to be addressed for the evaluation of educational outcomes in programs for students with severe disabilities (Voeltz & Evans, 1983). In particular, we argued that the predominant emphasis upon single-subject research designs and the demonstration of the internal validity of intervention experiments were not sufficient for educational validity—a concept that requires systematic attention to larger issues of meaning-fulness in relationship to criterion environments. In this paper we respond to the arguments of Test, Spooner, and Cooke (1987) that single-subject design methodologies are capable of expansion to address educational validity. Based upon both theory and empirical data, we maintain that the serious limitations of the existing traditional methodologies continue to be problematic, so that we encourage movement toward a more comprehensive evaluative framework. Such a framework is critical to ensure that services and practices for persons with severe disabilities will be guided by research findings as well as social values.

PENGARUH ASERTIVE TRAINING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANAK YANG BERPERILAKU MALADAPTIF DI KELURAHAN TAMANSARI KECAMATAN BANDUNG WETAN KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Januarti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Assertive Training

Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis tentang Asertive Training terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar anak yang berperilaku maladaptif di Kelurahan Tamansari Kecamatan Bandung Wetan Kota Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui rancangan subyek tunggal (single subject design) dan menggunakan model multiple baseline cross subjects untuk mengukur target perilaku. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah subyek satu yakni AM; subyek dua yakni JR; dan subyek tiga yakni NJ. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Asertive Training berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar anak berperilaku maladaptif. Tingkatan pengaruh pada masing-masing subyek bervariasi dengan subyek AM dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek komitmen, subyek JR dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek komitmen beajar dan inisiatif belajar, subyek NJ dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek inisiatif dan optimis belajar. Secara keseluruhan JR merupakan subyek yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dari intervensi Asertive Traning terhadap motivasi belajar, diantara kedua subyek yang lain. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor pendukung subyek. Melalui intervensi Asertive Training, anak mampu mengelola emosi, perasaan dan tingkah laku yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan. Kata Kunci: Anak, Motivasi Belajar, Assertive Training, Perilaku Maladaptif

PENERAPAN PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KELEKATAN ANAK DENGAN IBU ASUH DI SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dika Permatadiraja
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis tentang Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) terhadap peningkatan kelekatan anak dan ibu asuh di SOS Children’s Village Jakarta. Tahapan yang dilakukan melalui dua fase yakni Child-Directed Interaction (CDI) serta Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI).Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui rancangan subjek tunggal (single subject design) dan menggunakan model multiple baseline cross subjects untuk mengukur target perilaku. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga satu yakni PH dan ibu SU; keluarga dua yakni NM dan ibu MA; dan keluarga tiga yakni NA dan ibu AR. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PCIT berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelekatan anak dan ibu asuh. Tingkatan pengaruh pada masing-masing subjek bervariasi dengan subjek PH dan ibu SU memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek kehangatan, subjek NM dan ibu MA memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek kehangatan dan ketanggapan; serta NA dan ibu AR memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek rasa aman. Secara keseluruhan NM dan ibu MA merupakan subjek yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dari intervensi PCIT terhadap kelekatan, diantara kedua subjek yang lain. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor pendukung subjek. Hasil dari peningkatan kelekatan berdampak pada gaya pengasuhan yang penuh dengan kehangatan serta membentuk pola kelekatan ibu asuh terhadap anak yang selalu mendampingi, sensitif, responsif, penuh cinta dan kasih sayang.Kata kunci: anak, kelekatan, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, pengasuhan keluarga pengganti

PENERAPAN TEKNIK IMAGINATIVE PRETEND PLAY TERHADAP PENANGANAN MASALAH PERILAKU AGRESIF ANAK KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI BANDUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Putri Nawangsari
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Child Victim ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Data Collecting

Abstract This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Play Therapy through Imaginative Pretend Play technique in Handling Cases Agresive Behavior Child Victim of Sexual Abuse. The Agressive behavior that are refered in this research are divided into two; Phyisic aggresive and verbal agressive. The methode in this reserach is Single Subject Design with A-B-A-B. Data collecting technique conducted by observation, unstructur interviews, documentary study and filling questionaire. All the measurment using this research are formed.  The result showed that the aplication of Imaginative Pretend Play technique in Handling Cases Agressive Behavior Child Victim of Sexual Abuse is effective to reduce the agressive behavior frequencty of child. The frequency of physical agressive that consist of  hitting, wresting, throwing, threat with showing and imitating sexual adult activity  decresed from 39 before intervention to 11 after intervention. The frequency of verbal  agressive that consist of  bellowing, mocking and speaking with dirty word decresed from 39 before intervention to 11 after intervention. The result of ECBS show intervention influence to cognition aspect significantly, intervention influence to social relation aspect significantly and intervention influence to self adjustment aspect significantly.Keywords: Child, Sexual Abuse, ECBS, Imaginative Pretend Play, Play Therapy Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas Play Therapy melalui teknik Imaginative Pretend Play dalam menangani masalah perilaku agresif anak korban kekerasan seksual. Adapun agresif yang dimaksud disini mencakup agresivitas fisik maupun agresivitas verbal. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan Single Subject Design dengan pola A-B-A-B. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara tidak terstruktur, studi dokumentasi dan pengisian angket atau kuosioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan Teknik Imaginative Pretend Play dalam Penanganan Masalah Perilaku Agresif Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual. Jumlah frekuensi agresivitas fisik anak yang terdiri dari memukul, merebut, melempar, mengacungkan kepalan tangan untuk mengancam dan menirukan aktivitas seksual orang dewasa berjumlah 39 turun menjadi 11 setelah intervensi. Jumlah frekuensi agresivitas verbal yang terdiri dari membentak, mengejek atau menghina dan mengeluarkan kata kotor berjumlah 32 turun menjadi 9 setelah intervensi. Hasil pengujian melalui instrumen ECBS menunjukan intervensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aspek kognisi namun tidak merubah kategori dalam level sedang, intervensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aspek relasi sosial dan terjadi peningkatan level aspek sosial dari sedang menjadi tinggi dan intervensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aspek penyesuaian diri anak dan terjadi peningkatan level aspek sosial dari sedang menjadi tinggi. Kata kunci: Anak, ECBS, Imaginative Pretend Play, Kekerasan Seksual, Play Therapy

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