scholarly journals A Quality Improvement Project Utilizing a Clinical Practice Guideline in Women During Second-Stage Labor

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Renece Waller-Wise ◽  
Stephanie Lewis ◽  
Barbara Williams

Second-stage labor is the most challenging stage of labor, as it requires increasing exertion of the birthing woman. Variances in nursing interventions in second-stage labor have an influence on outcomes. There is disparity in nursing care during second-stage labor. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a clinical practice guideline in second-stage labor with respect to positioning, timing of pushing, type of pushing effort, and the effect on birth method and perineal trauma. Spontaneous vaginal birth increased, vacuum extraction birth decreased, and vaginal birth after cesarean doubled. The rate of episiotomy decreased, the rate of multiple types of lacerations decreased, the rate of vaginal wall tears decreased, and the need for wound suturing of birth acquired lacerations decreased.

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1209-e1215
Author(s):  
Brock Graham ◽  
Grant M Johnson ◽  
Jennifer M Gurney ◽  
Stacy A Shackelford ◽  
Jeffrey T Howard ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction In 2010, the Joint Trauma System published a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for providing care to patients with suspicion of spinal cord injury. The CPG advocated for liberal use of cervical collars and adequate documentation of the practice. This performance improvement project examined C-spine CPG adherence in both the prehospital and military treatment facility (MTF) settings. Understanding challenges in CPG adherence facilitates evaluation of future CPGs and their success at implantation of the clinical guidance. Materials and Methods The Department of Defense Trauma Registry was used to identify US Military casualties meeting the criteria for cervical collar placement between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. Criteria for cervical collar placement were defined as any patient who experienced a mechanism of injury relating to an explosion, fall, or motor-vehicle-related injury. Any patients with an AIS severity score greater than 1 to the head or having any ICD injury codes related to either upper spinal cord or head injury were also considered for inclusion. Adherence of cervical collar placement was defined by documented ICD codes or prehospital documentation of cervical collar placement as captured in the registry. Results A total of 14,837 patients were identified for possible cervical collar placement and 3,317 had verifiable documentation of having a C-collar placed. Documented C-collar placement was higher after the publication of the clinical practice guideline in 2010 (29% vs. 15%, p < 0.0001). CPG publication was associated with cervical collar application (odds ratio: 2.50, 95% CI: 2.29–2.72). Conclusion Application of cervical collars has increased significantly, since the initial publication of the spine injury CPG. Current gaps include valid and reliable identification of patients warranting specific clinical interventions and documentation of patient care. Currently, lack of documentation is reported as nonadherence, but it remains unknown if these missing clinical data accurately portray nonadherence or adherence with lack of documentation. Future research and resources would benefit and expand the results collected in this paper, and cement the importance of CPG publication and adherence.


2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. King ◽  
P. L. Fontaine ◽  
L. A. Atwood ◽  
E. Powers ◽  
L. Leeman ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Enie Novieastari Mukti

Luka dekubitus adalah suatu masalah endemic bagi populasi pasien yang dirawat di rumah atau rumah perawatan lainnya. Pasien-pasien tersebut memiliki resiko untuk mengalami terjadinya luka dekubitus selama perawatan. Insiden dan prevalensi terjadinya luka dekubitus pada populasi ini di Amerika Serikat cukup tinggi untuk mendapatkan perhatian dari kalangan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi luka dekubitus bervariasi, tetapi secara umum dilaporkan bahwa 5% sampai 11% terjadi di tatanan perawatan akut (“acute care”), 15% sampai 25% di tatanan perawatan jangka-panjang (”longterm care”), dan 7% sampai 12% di tatanan perawatan rumah (“home health care”).Berdasarkan panduan praktek klinik yang dikeluarkan oleh AHCPR, intervensi keperawatan yang digunkan untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dekubits terdiri dari tiga kategori yaitu: perawatan kulit dan penanganan dini, penggunaan berbagai matras atau alas, dan edukasi pasien.Tinjauan pustaka terpadu ini bertujuan untuk menggali hasil penelitian yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan intervensi keperawatan untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dekubitus pada populasi orang dewasa, dan hasilnya akan dibandingkan dengan panduan praktek klinik yang dikeluarkan oleh AHCPR.Dalam penelusuran kepustakaan dengan menggunakan fasilitas CINAHL pada tahun 1990-1995, didapatkan 12 artikel penelitian yang berkaitan dengan intervensi keperawatan untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dekubitus, yang terdiri dari 8 penelitian tentang penggunaan matras, 2 penelitian tentang pengaturan posisi baring, dan 2 penelitian tentang edukasi pasien.Penelitian dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir terlihat lebih berfokus pada efek dari berbagai matras untuk mengurangi penekanan jaringan dan perkembangan luka dekubitus. Sedangkan penelitain tentang perawatan kulit dan posisi tubuh, dan edukasi pasien terbatas.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir didapatkan bahwa 1) penggunaan matras yang mereduksi penekanan jaringan dapat menjadi tindakan yang efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dekubitus, 2) intervensi dengan melakukan pengangkatan bagian tubuh tertentu sebagai tambahan jadual dari perubahan posisi yang rutin membantu dalam mencegah terjadinya luka dekubitus, 3) interval perubahan posisi setiap dua jam mungkin dapat merugikan integritas kulit pada populasilanjut usia, 4) perawata yang terlibat didalam edukasi pasien agar lebih menyadari bahwa tindakannya dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dekubitus akan sangat mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku pasien dalam melakukan tindakan-tindakan untuk mencegah terjadinya luka dekubitus.Untuk peneliti selanjutnya direkomendasikan agar lebih memperhatikan area penelitin yang berhubungan dengan perawatan kulit, pengaturan posisi dan edukasi pasien karena kategori intervensi keperawatan ini masih sangat terbatas diteliti. Dan suatu penelitian replikasi perlu dilakukan untuk melihat efektifitas dari interval perubahan posisi baring yang secra tradisional dilakukan setiap dua jam.  Pressure ulcers are an endemic problem in hospitalization, institutionalized, and debilitated patient populations. Patients are at risk for the development of pressure ulcers. The incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers among these populations in the United States are high enough to warrant concern of health care providers. Studies indicate that the prevalence of pressure ulcers varies, but it has been generally reported to be 5% to 11% in acute care settings, 15% to 25% in long term settings, and 7%-12% in home healthy settings.Based on the AHCPR’s clinical practice guideline, preventive nursing interventions for the development of pressure ulcers were categorized into skin care and early treatment, use of mechanical loading and support surface, and patient education.The purpose of this paper  is to explore research study has been conducted in area of nursing interventions to prevent the development of pressure ulcers among adult populations within the last five years, and to compare the result with the clinical practice guideline of predicting and prevention of pressure ulcers by AHCPR.In reviewing the literatures by using the CINAHL in 1990 through 1995, there were twelve research projects related to the subject has been found consisting of eight studies related to the use of various support surfaces, two studies related to body positions, and other two studies related to patient education.Literature within the last five years has appeared to focus on the effects of various support surface on pressure reduction and pressure sore development. Whereas, studies on skin care and body position and patient education have been limited.Based on the findings from the studies being conducted the last five years, the following can be concluded: 1) the utilization of pressure-reducing support surfaces could be an effective measure to prevent the development of pressure ulcers, 2) the small shift intervention in conjunction with routine turning schedules aids in the prevention of pressure ulcers, 3) the traditional two-hour turning intervention may be detrimental to the skin integrity of older adults, 4) nurses engaged most frequently in educational encounters with the client in the prevention of pressure ulcers; therefore, nurses need to remember that their actions can influence the attitudes of clients towards the acquisition of pressure ulcers prevention knowledge and skill.For the researcher it is recommended that the area of skin care interventions and patient education should be more considered, due to the limitations of studies have been conducted in these areas. A replication study to explore the effectiveness of specified turning intervals should be conducted. It is also recommended that a one and half hour turning policy be established with using a larger sample than a study conducted by Knox et al (1994).


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