Development of Measurement System for the Carbon Sinks under the Kyoto Protocol-Measurement of 3D Imaging Sensor Data using the Method of Cylinder Reconstruction Model from Range Points

The Kyoto Protocol makes provisions for carbon sinks from forest management to be taken into account as a contribution towards fulfilling a country's emission reduction target. Additional emission allowances are allocated for these forest carbon sinks. If Switzerland uses this extra contingent of allowances to the full it would then only have to reduce emissions by 4.5% instead of the actual target of 8%. Emission allowances from carbon sinks can be traded on the emissions trading market and be claimed by forest owners. An assessment of the income that could be anticipated was carried out in four forestry companies: with the CO2 price set at 10 CHF per ton it was seen that a potential revenue of between 6 and 71 CHF per hectare and year could be realised. However, the legal basis for allocating emission allowances from carbon sinks to forest owners has yet to be created. In view of the fact that the two chambers of Parliament refused the introduction of the Forests Act Revision Bill, it is not clear if and in what form this will be done. For the period after 2012, the rules will be renegotiated at the international level and it is expected that the carbon stored in harvested wood products will be taken into account. Accordingly, wood removed from the forest would no longer be automatically counted as a CO2 source in the emission balance.

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A universal 3D imaging sensor on a silicon photonics platform

Nature ◽

10.1038/s41586-021-03259-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 590 (7845) ◽

pp. 256-261

Author(s):

Christopher Rogers ◽

Alexander Y. Piggott ◽

David J. Thomson ◽

Robert F. Wiser ◽

Ion E. Opris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silicon Photonics ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Imaging Sensor

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Carbon Sinks and the Kyoto Protocol: Legal and Policy Mechanisms for Domestic Implementation

Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law ◽

10.1080/02646811.2003.11433330 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 252-276

Author(s):

Steven A Kennett

Keyword(s):

Kyoto Protocol ◽

Carbon Sinks ◽

Policy Mechanisms

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FPGA Implementation of Sensor Data Acquisition for Real-Time Human Body Motion Measurement System

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering - Proceedings of the 11th National Technical Seminar on Unmanned System Technology 2019 ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-5281-6_26 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 371-380

Author(s):

Zarina Tukiran ◽

Afandi Ahmad ◽

Herdawatie Abd. Kadir ◽

Ariffudin Joret

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

Real Time ◽

Human Body ◽

Measurement System ◽

Fpga Implementation ◽

Body Motion ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Motion Measurement ◽

Sensor Data Acquisition

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Source Camera Identification Based on Sensor Readout Noise

International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics ◽

10.4018/jdcf.2010070103 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 28-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. R. Chennamma ◽

Lalitha Rangarajan

Keyword(s):

Computer Software ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Processing Parameter ◽

Source Camera Identification ◽

Camera Identification ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Deviation Plot ◽

Readout Noise ◽

The One ◽

Imaging Sensor

A digitally developed image is a viewable image (TIFF/JPG) produced by a camera’s sensor data (raw image) using computer software tools. Such images might use different colour space, demosaicing algorithms or by different post processing parameter settings which are not the one coded in the source camera. In this regard, the most reliable method of source camera identification is linking the given image with the sensor of camera. In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach for camera identification based on sensor’s readout noise. Readout noise is an important intrinsic characteristic of a digital imaging sensor (CCD or CMOS) and it cannot be removed. This paper quantitatively measures readout noise of the sensor from an image using the mean-standard deviation plot, while in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, the authors tested against the images captured at two different exposure levels. Results show datasets containing 1200 images acquired from six different cameras of three different brands. The success of proposed method is corroborated through experiments.

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Use of Performance Measurement System Data to Diagnose Freeway Bottleneck Locations Empirically in Orange County, California

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198105192500106 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1925 (1) ◽

pp. 48-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert L. Bertini ◽

Aaron M. Myton

Keyword(s):

Performance Measurement ◽

Measurement System ◽

Orange County ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Performance Measurement System ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Time And Space ◽

Peak Period ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Morning Peak

To improve freeway modeling and operations, it is important to understand how traffic conditions evolve in both time and space. The widespread availability of freeway sensor data makes detailed operational analysis possible in ways that were not available in the past. This study, inspired by several other studies of a 6-mi segment of Interstate 405 in Orange County, California, describes the evolution of traffic conditions over one morning peak period by using inductive loop detector data, including vehicle count and lane occupancy measured at 30-s intervals. With cumulative curves of vehicle count and occupancy, transformed in ways that enhanced their resolution, 10 bottleneck activations were identified in time and space over one morning peak period. At bottleneck activation, queue propagation was observed in generally predictable ways. Bottleneck outflows were carefully measured only while the bottlenecks were active, that is, while queued conditions persisted upstream and unqueued (freely flowing) conditions prevailed downstream. When bottlenecks were activated immediately following freely flowing conditions, outflow reductions were observed at queue formation. These reductions were consistent with those in previous studies. The study was limited in that only one day's data were analyzed and ramp data were not available on the day analyzed. Future research will include further analysis of the same site by using more recent data now that ramp counts are available in the California Performance Measurement System database. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to bottleneck activation is a critical step toward improving the understanding of how freeways function and is necessary for addressing operational issues. This clear understanding provides a foundation for determining ramp metering rates and addressing the freeway characteristics that cause bottlenecks to form.

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