scholarly journals Seasonal pattern of domestic cattle slaughtering in the Late Bronze Age Tanalyk settlement (Southern Ural)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
O.P. Bachura ◽  
P.A. Kosintsev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Seasonal Movements ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
System Data ◽  
Bone Remains

The settlement of Tanalyk (Bashkortostan) is the most fully studied household object of the Late Bronze Age in the territory of Southern Ural. The pottery assemblage allows attributing it to the Srubnaya — Alakul type. The majority of bone remains in this site belong to domestic animals, and the number of wild species remains is ex-tremely small. There is no evidence of farming in the Late Bronze Age. Thus, the subsistence of the Tanalyk population was based on livestock production. As such, the time of livestock slaughtering can be indicative of people’s presence in the site. The purpose of the present research was to determine the type of the Late Bronze Age Tanalyk settlement as permanent or seasonal. The slaughtering season and the age of cattle (46 individu-als), sheep/goats (33 individuals) and horses (24 individuals) have been determined. Both determinations were based on the analysis of growth layers in animal teeth (cement and dentine). In archaeozoology, there is a tradi-tional method of estimation of animal age-at-death based on the state of their dental system. Data obtained by these two methods have been inter-compared. It has been established that domestic animals were slaughtered entire year round, with no seasonal preference for various species. Only for sheep/goats, slaughtering season was related to their age. In warm seasons, young animals were slaughtered three times more often than in cold time of the year. Cattle, sheep/goat and horses were slaughtered mainly in cold seasons, in smaller numbers in summer, and only in minimal quantities in spring. The practice of year-round slaughtering of animals shows, that at least part of the community lived in the settlement permanently and did not make seasonal movements. Com-parison of the age structures obtained from the study of tooth growth layers and the condition of the dental system showed their strong structures similarity, which is very important methodologically. This allows a reliable use of the age structure based on the condition of dental system to interpret the patterns of economic exploitation of domestic ungulates.

scholarly journals Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age structure (Area F)

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Chris O'Connell ◽  
Sue Anderson ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Dawn McLaren ◽  
Mhairi Hastie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age

  

scholarly journals NEW DATA OBTAINED ON THE ARCHAEOZOOLOGY OF THE ALAKUL POPULATION FROM THE MIDDLE TOBOL AREA DRAWING ON THE EXCAVATION MATERIALS FROM THE ZOLOTOYE 1 SETTLEMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Kostomarov ◽  
I.K. Novikov ◽  
A.V. Kisagulov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Bone Remains

The article presents the results of a taxonomic study of the archaeozoological collection from the Zolotoye 1 settlement. The settlement is located in the steppe zone of the Tobol-Ishim interfluve (the Polovinsky District of the Kurgan Region). A significant part of artefacts, including bone remains, belong to the Alakul culture of the Late Bronze Age (17th–16th centuries BC). A small collection (a total of 6 fragmented vessels) attributed to the Alek-seyevka-Sargary culture was also identified. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that data on the species composition of Alakul archaeozoological collections are predominantly obtained from necropolises, whereas economic characteristics are primarily reflected by materials from the settlements. The study in question was conducted using the paleozoological method. The taxonomic affiliation of bones was determined using the reference collection of skeletons from the Zoological Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS along with corresponding atlases. The conclusion about the taxonomic affiliation of fossil remains was based on the similarities in composition and size between the morphological structures of bones. The age of the indi-viduals was determined by the degree of tooth abrasion and by the attachment of the pineal gland. The studied osteological collection includes 2783 items. In order to define the features of its occurrence considering species composition, a planigraphic analysis was performed. To this end, we used data collected from a digital total sta-tion and field inventories. As a result, it was found that the bone remains belong mainly to domestic animals (99.5 %). Cattle bones (47 %) predominate, followed by the bones of small cattle (34 %) and horses (18 %). Jud-ging by age characteristics, cattle were kept for the production of milk and meat. The remains of wild animals are scarce (0.5 %). They include commercial species (elk, hare, waterfowl), which indicates that the Alakul population was engaged in hunting. The comparison of domestic and wild animals, the composition of the herd from the Zolotoye 1 settlement located in the interfluve area with the archaeozoological collections of the Late Bronze Age from the forest-steppe Trans-Urals revealed their similarity, first of all, with Alakul materials originating from the layer of settlements confined to river systems. This fact reflects the general line of development in livestock breeding of the period under consideration, which suggests that the carriers of the Alakul culture developed stable forms of adaptation to different living conditions.

scholarly journals Late Bronze Age structure and earlier features (Area H)

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Chris O'Connell ◽  
Sue Anderson ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Fraser Hunter ◽  
Michael Cressey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Late Bronze Age

  

scholarly journals НОВЫЕ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНЫЕ ДАТЫ МАТЕРИАЛОВ БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА ПОЛУОСТРОВА ТАРХАНКУТ (КРЫМ)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Smekalova ◽  
◽  
M. Kulkova ◽  
M. Kashuba ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Bronze Age

The results of radiocarbon dating of materials from Bronze Age sites located in Tarkhankut region (Crimea) is considering in the article. The materials were obtained from four settlements with double stone yards for domestic animals. These settlements were discovered together 20 other sites in the Northern-Western Crimea in the last decade. The radiocarbon dates gave a vast time interval in the frameworks of the Late Bronze Age. The earliest dates belong to the frontier of the Middle/Late Bronze Age. New results together with other archaeological materials open discussion about the cultures of the Bronze Age in the Crimea.

Wild Nature? Human-Animal Relations on Neopalatial Crete

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Shapland
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Relational Perspective ◽  
Human Animal

The Neopalatial period of Middle to Late Bronze Age Crete is marked by a dramatic increase in the depiction of non-human animals. In contrast to the domesticates listed in the Linear A documents, the animals which appear on frescoes and seals are largely wild or supernatural, or in non-domestic scenes (particularly bull-leaping). This article seeks to explore the quantitative differences between the types of animals displayed on different media, and ask why non-domestic animals appear in such significant proportions. Arthur Evans and subsequent scholars have explained this phenomenon as an expression of interest in the natural world. Instead of this modernist view, it will be argued here that it is by trying to approach these depictions as expressing specifically Bronze Age human-animal relations that the role of such animals in Cretan society can be understood. From a relational perspective, the animals depicted can be seen as active participants in prestige activities such as hunting or bull-leaping rather than the passive motifs of artistic naturalists. This perspective might also provide a more illuminating answer to the question: why depict animals?

scholarly journals Late Bronze Age structure (Area D)

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Chris O'Connell ◽  
Sue Anderson ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Michael Cressey ◽  
Mhairi Hastie
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Late Bronze Age

  

The Concept of Palestine: The Conception Of Palestine from the Late Bronze Age to the Modern Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Masalha
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
The Bible ◽  
School History

The Concept of Palestine is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the indigenous people of Palestine and the multicultural ancient past. The name Palestine is the most commonly used from the Late Bronze Age (from 1300 BCE) onwards. The name Palestine is evident in countless histories, inscriptions, maps and coins from antiquity, medieval and modern Palestine. From the Late Bronze Age onwards the names used for the region, such as Djahi, Retenu and Cana'an, all gave way to the name Palestine. Throughout Classical Antiquity the name Palestine remained the most common and during the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods the concept and political geography of Palestine acquired official administrative status. This article sets out to explain the historical origins of the concept of Palestine and the evolving political geography of the country. It will seek to demonstrate how the name ‘Palestine’ (rather than the term ‘Cana'an’) was most commonly and formally used in ancient history. It argues that the legend of the ‘Israelites’ conquest of Cana'an’ and other master narratives of the Bible evolved across many centuries; they are myth-narratives, not evidence-based accurate history. It further argues that academic and school history curricula should be based on historical facts/empirical evidence/archaeological discoveries – not on master narratives or Old Testament sacred-history and religio-ideological constructs.

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