Scriptures Fit for a King

This paper examines the use of translational doublets (multiple translations of a single expression presented together in a translated text) in the revised text of the Later Version of the Wycliffite Bible found in Oxford University MS. Bodley 277 (1420s or 1430s). The manuscript in question contains a large number of doublets found in no other copy of the Wycliffite Bible, and these appear to be the contributions of an independent revisor. The various functions that doublets have in this text are discussed, and it is argued that, in his use of doublets, the revisor focused primarily on clarifying or explaining details of the text’s literal, immediate meaning, especially in Old Testament historical books. It is suggested, moreover, that a large proportion of the revisor’s doublets reflect the interests of an aristocratic or royal audience, in line with the probable origin of MS. Bodley 277 (which was once owned by King Henry VI). Special attention is paid to the apocryphal 3 Ezra, for which Bodley 277 is the only copy of the Wycliffite Bible to include translational doublets and which appears in no other manuscript of the Later Version.

Kaidah Penafsiran Puisi Perjanjian Lama

Allah yang begitu kreatif tidak hanya memakai beragam jenis orang untuk menuliskan wahyu-Nya, tetapi juga memakai bermacam jenis sastra (genre) yang dikenal dalam peradaban manusia. Itu sebabnya, metode dalam mempelajari dan menganalisa sebuah teks bisa berbeda satu sama lain, tergantung jenis sastranya. Belakangan, hasil-hasil penelitian biblika telah melirik jenis sastra sebagai pertimbangan utama dalam menggali dan menemukan makna. Hal senada juga seyogyanya dianut oleh para peneliti biblika di negeri ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana menganalisis teks alkitabiah dalam genre puisi Perjanjian Lama. Sebab, tidak jarang pelajar Alkitab menggali buku puisi dengan prosedur yang tidak semestinya. Cara penggalian kitab puisi tidak sama dengan cara penggalian kitab narasi, epistolari, dan genre lainnya. Oleh karena itu penulis mencoba menyajikan suatu cara untuk menganalisis kitab-kitab puisi Perjanjian Lama, guna membekali pembaca dengan prosedur yang tepat dalam menggali teks-teks puisi Perjanjian Lama. Metode yang dipakai dalam artikel ini ialah studi literatur, di mana data-data dalam artikel ini diperoleh dari beragam sumber dengan topik terkait.God who is so creative not only used various types of people to write His revelations but also used various types of literature (genre) known in human civilization. That is why, the methods of studying and analyzing a text may differ from one another, depending on the type of literature. Recently, the results of biblical research have looked at the type of literature as the main consideration in finding the meaning. The same thing should also be adopted by biblical researchers in this country. This article aims to explain how to analyze biblical texts in the genre of Old Testament poetry. Because it is not uncommon for students to find poetry book Bibles with improper procedures. Writing poetry is not the same as telling stories about narrative, epistolary, and other genres. Therefore, the writer tries to present a way to analyze the Old Testament poetry books, in order to equip the readers with the right procedure in capturing the Old Testament poetry texts. The method used in this article is to find a literature study, where the data in this article were obtained from various sources with related topics.

Konstruksi Kerangka Konseptual Peranan Roh Kudus dalam PAK Menggunakan Taksonomi Bloom yang Diperbarui

A learning process is aimed toward outcomes. The desired outcomes are the initial point to construct the proper conceptual framework to describe the theoretical foundation of research. Spirituality and spiritual behaviour are two outcomes that Christian Education thinkers agreed upon from Old Testament to now. The meeting between Greeco-Roman and Jewish culture had somewhat changed the trajectory of how Christian Education developed. The Greek cognitive-based learning has influenced the initial Christian Education which is Jewish learning system. This article attempts to describe how spirituality, spiritual behaviour, and spiritual knowledge serve as the ultimate outcomes of Christian Education. The description will fit with the role of the Holy Spirit in the overall process of Christian Education in any given scope. As a result, this article will construct a conceptual framework that can be utilized further to design a biblical curriculum that is not merely cognitively measurable but also to provide an intentional outcome of spirituality and spiritual behaviour. The revised Bloom’s taxonomy will be used to bridge both worlds: the cognitive, and non-cognitive. In conclusion, this article shows that the supernatural work of Holy Spirit is not against the natural work of Holy Spirit through teacher and student relationships in Christian Education, but both work together. AbstrakProses pembelajaran ditujukan untuk mencapai suatu hasil. Hasil yang diinginkan merupakan titik awal untuk membangun kerangka konseptual yang tepat untuk mendeskripsikan landasan teoritis sebuah penelitian. Spiritualitas dan perilaku spiritual adalah dua hasil yang disepakati oleh para pemikir pendidikan Kristen dari zaman Perjanjian Lama hingga sekarang. Pertemuan antara budaya Yunani-Romawi dan Yahudi telah mengubah lintasan (trajectory) Pendidikan Kristen berkembang. Pembelajaran berbasis kognitif Yunani telah mempengaruhi sistem pembelajaran Yahudi. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan bagaimana spiritualitas, perilaku spiritual, dan pengetahuan spiritual berfungsi sebagai hasil akhir dari Pendidikan Kristen. Hasil akhir tersebut dapat menggambarkan secara konseptual peran Roh Kudus dalam keseluruhan proses Pendidikan Kristen dalam lingkup apa pun. Sebagai hasil akhir, artikel ini akan menyajikan bangunan kerangka konseptual yang dapat digunakan lebih jauh untuk merancang kurikulum alkitabiah yang tidak hanya dapat diukur secara kognitif, tetapi juga untuk memberikan hasil yang disengaja dari spiritualitas dan perilaku spiritual. Taksonomi Bloom yang telah direvisi akan digunakan untuk menjembatani kedua dunia: kognitif dan non-kognitif. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan supernatural Roh Kudus tidak bertentangan dengan pekerjaan alami Roh Kudus melalui hubungan guru dan murid dalam pendidikan Kristen, tetapi keduanya bekerja sama.

Larangan Intermarriage dalam Nehemia 13: 23-27: Suatu Upaya Hermeneutis Post-Modern melalui Pendekatan Sosial-Antropologis

This article is a post-modern hermeneutic study of Nehemiah 13: 23-27 with a socio anthropologicalapproach. This text talks about the prohibition of intermarriage between the Jewish community and foreign nations in the post-exilic era. This prohibition still alive now, not only in the Jewish community but also in other Abrahamic religions. Liquidity of cultural and religious identities today does not mean denying those people who still keep their tradition, culture, and group identities. The latest socio-anthropological and archeologicalstudies of the Bible show the text as Nehemiah and text editor effort to bequeath cultural memories to build the purity of Jewish identity. With intertextual studies, I will show that Old Testament Books is not ‘one voice’ about intermarriages. This ambiguity challenges us to rethink the prohibition on intermarriage without discrimination and segregation to the Other. Abstrak Artikel ini adalah upaya hermeneu􀆟 s post-modern terhadap teks Nehemia 13:23-27 dengan pendekatan sosio-antropologis. Teks ini berbicara tentang larangan kawin campur (intermarriage) antara komunitas Yahudi pasca-pembuangan dengan bangsa-bangsa asing. Larangan ini nyatanya masih terjadi hingga saat ini, bukan hanya di tengah-tengah komunitas Yahudi masa kini, namun juga agama-agama Abrahamik lainnya. Cairnyaidentitas budaya dan agama saat ini tidak berarti menafikan mereka yang masih memegang teguh tradisi, budaya dan pelestarian identitas kelompoknya. Studi sosio-antropologis dan arkeologi Alkitab terbaru memperlihatkan teks sebagai upaya Nehemia maupun redaktur teks mewariskan ingatan budaya dalam rangka membangun kemurnian identitas bangsa Yahudi pasca-pembuangan. Penulis juga memanfaatkan studi intertekstual dalam rangka memperlihatkan bahwa kitab Perjanjian Pertama (PP) tidak unisono dalam memperlihatkan larangan intermarriage. Ambiguitas ini menjadi tantangan bagi kita untuk memikirkan ulanglarangan intermarriage tanpa diskriminasi dan segregasi terhadap mereka yang berbeda.

Nebuchadnezzar’s Mind and Memory in the Old English “Daniel”

As Mary Carruthers observes in her seminal Book of Memory, the cultivation of memory was considered a mark of superior ethics in the Middle Ages. She claims, for example, that “the choice to train one’s memory or not, for the ancients and medievals, was not a choice dictated by convenience: it was a matter of ethics. A person without a memory, if such a thing could be, is a person without moral character and, in a basic sense, without humanity” (Carruthers 14). In the present article, which aims to discuss the Old English biblical paraphrase Daniel, I argue that memory plays an important, if not essential, role in Nebuchadnezzar’s conversion. The poet expands on the biblical source, the Old Testament Book of Daniel, to depict the Babylonian king as commencing a process of rectification of the self by incorporating and internalizing the word of God, mediated in the poem by Daniel the prophet, as part of his self.