scholarly journals Hypsometric mapping and analysis of lunar polar regions, including potential landing sites for Luna-25 and Luna-27 spacecrafts

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
A.A. Kokhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Regions ◽  
Landing Sites

Luna-28 mission for polar samples return, as the key element of the initial stage of Russian Lunar Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Lev Zelenyi ◽  
Vladislav Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Landing Site ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The Future ◽  
Robotic Missions

<p>The most interesting sites for future lunar outposts are thought to be located closely to poles, and South one is found to be more preferable.  But before humans could land there, the sequence of robotic missions should be implemented to study the natural environment at the selected sites, to deliver some supporting systems for ensuring conditions of habitability and also to test the innovated technology for Earth-Moon-Earth round trip.</p><p>Therefore, the Russian Lunar Program will be ignited by four robotic missions, which Russian Academy of Science has selected for the initial stage of this Program. Their names Luna-25 -28 were selected taking into account the name of the last Soviet lander Luna-24 of 1976. The objectives of these missions are critically important for accomplishment of the future polar expeditions of humans. The missions will conduct orbital mapping of polar regions with fine spatial resolution, measurements of radiation environment at the selected landing sites, testing of water and space volatiles in the polar regolith, and, in particular – testing presence of complex molecules and pre-biotic molecular complexes, the lunar dust and exosphere, etc. Mobile elements of landing missions will investigate local areas around the landing sites to determine the best spots for the future habitation modules of human missions. In addition, the researches for the basic science will also be accomplished by these missions, such as the experiments for lunar-based astronomy at long wavelengths and at gamma-rays, the experiments for lunar seismology, for monitoring of interplanetary plasma and solar wind, etc.</p><p>The talk presents in details the concept of the key mission of the first stage of the Lunar Program, the Luna-28 mission for lunar polar sample return. The mission concept is based on the several basic requirements. The mission should have the return module for direct flight from Moon to Earth. The module should be able to deliver to the Earth a set of samples of polar regolith with the total mass of about 2 kilograms. They should be quarried from different depths of the shallow subsurface from several cm down to 1 meter. Samples should be delivered to the Earth with all volatiles, including water, in the frozen state. Small moonrover “Lunokhod” with mass below 100 kg should be delivered to the Moon by the lander. Before the launch of the return module, the rover could deliver remotely selected stones for return at the nearest vicinity of the lander, after the launch, the rover should conduct scientific studies of the area around the landing site.</p><p>The mission of Luna-28 will also be supported by the ground segment for proper curation of delivered samples and for their studies in the leading domestic and international research centers. The complex molecules and organic molecular complexes will be the main objects for these studies.   </p>

GRAVITY SURVEYS IN GLACIER‐COVERED REGIONS

Geophysics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Watts ◽  
William Isherwood
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Echo Sounder

Prior to 1974, glaciologists used gravity surveys as a means of determining ice thickness, but the density variations in the underlying rocks were inherent sources of errors in their measurements. Because of these errors and because of the poor resolution of the gravity techniques, better geophysical tools for obtaining ice depths were sought. In polar regions, where the ice is below its melting temperature throughout most of the ice mass, radio echo sounders were used successfully starting about 1960. Until 1974, however, radio echo sounder experiments on temperate glaciers were unsuccessful. Temperate glaciers are found throughout the mountains of Washington, Western Canada, and Alaska. In many of these areas, terrain is so rugged that a helicopter‐borne gravity crew can find very few landing sites which are not on glaciers (Figure 1).

Russian Lunar Landers Luna-25 and Lna-27: goals of the missions and scientific investigations at Moon Polar Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Tretyakov ◽  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Lev Zeleniy
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Selection For

<p>Scientific goals, current status and nearest plans for Russian Landers missions with Luna-25 (project Luna-Glob) and Luna-27 (project Luna-Resource) will be presented. Both projects aimed on search for volatiles and water ice in upper layer of regolith, study structure and content of regolith and investigate of Moon’s near-surface dust and plasma exosphere at lunar polar regions.</p><p>The scientific experiments which were selected in accordance to the main goals of these missions, will be described. Main and spare landing sites for Luna-25 will be presented selected on the base both of engineering suitability (flatness and roughness of surface, radio visibility, solar irradiation and so on) and of scientific motivation. Criteria for landing sites selection for Luna-27 will be discribed shortly too. The plan of surface operations during the first lunar days for Luna-25 and Luna-27 will be presented and discussed.</p><p>The content of international cooperation for Luna-25 and Luna-27 missions will be described.</p><p>It will be shown that Luna-25 and Luna-27 shell provide the necessary scientific and technological ground for future long life-time Landers at the Moon polar regions.</p>

Wave velocity disturbances of neutral particles and ions in the polar regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4(83)) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
A.V. Bespalova ◽  
◽  
A.K. Fedorenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Neutral Particles

Book Reviews

Transfers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-166
Author(s):  
Johannes Görbert ◽  
Russ Pottle ◽  
Jeff Morrison ◽  
Pramod K. Nayar ◽  
Dirk Göttsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Review Finding ◽  
University Of Massachusetts

German Literary Anthropology: Across Cultures, Across Genres Stefan Hermes and Sebastian Kaufmann, eds., Der ganze Mensch – die ganze Menschheit: Völkerkundliche Anthropologie, Literatur und Ästhetik um 1800 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2014), 318 pp., 10 illustrations, €89.95What’s Old Is New Again, Mostly Julia Kuehn and Paul Smethurst, eds., New Directions in Travel Writing Studies (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 325 pp., $90Complex Journeys around the World and through Literary and Intellectual Traditions around 1800 Johannes Görbert, Die Vertextung der Welt: Forschungsreisen als Literatur bei Georg Forster, Alexander von Humboldt und Adelbert von Chamisso. Weltliteraturen/World Literatures, Schriftenreihe der Friedrich Schlegel Graduiertenschule für literaturwissenschaftliche Studien, vol. 7 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2014), vi, 426 pp., 8 illustrations, €109.95Travel as Cultural Work Gary Totten, African American Travel Narratives from Abroad: Mobility and Cultural Work in the Age of Jim Crow (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2015), 170 pp., $26.95Colonial Encounters between Africa and Europe—with Special Reference to Austria and Switzerland Manuel Menrath, ed., Afrika im Blick: Afrikabilder im deutschsprachigen Europa, 1870–1970 (Zurich: Chronos, 2012), 329 pp., €43Social Formations and Literary Forms in Long Nineteenth-Century Travel Writing Mary Henes and Brian H. Murray, eds., Travel Writing, Visual Culture and Form, 1760–1900 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), 248 pp., 21 illustrations, $95Travel Accounts of Polar Regions and Colonial Discourse Mike Frömel, Off ene Räume und gefährliche Reisen im Eis: Reisebeschreibungen über die Polarregionen und ein kolonialer Diskurs im 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert (Hannover: Wehrhahn, 2013), 288 pp., €29.50.“Imagined Geographies” and the Navigation of British European Identity Katarina Gephardt, Th e Idea of Europe in British Travel Narratives, 1789–1914 (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2014), 248 pp., 15 illustrations, $104.95Terminal and Threshold: Experiencing the Airport Christopher Schaberg, Th e End of Airports (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015), 216 pp., 25 illustrations, £13.99NOVEL REVIEW Finding Purity Jonathan Franzen, Purity (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), 563 pp., $28

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