Genetic Diversity of MHC Class II DRB1 Exon 2 in the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) on Hokkaido, Japan

Genetic diversity at loci concerned with fitness is an important part of the ability of a wild population to adapt to changes in its environment, including climatic events, disease and pollution. Research into the effects of genetic diversity on the impacts of disease on wildlife populations has focussed on genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This study investigated the genetic diversity at the MHC class II DZB gene, as well as the distribution of alleles of the same gene, for platypuses Ornithorhynchus anatinus in the Seabrook Creek Catchment in northwest Tasmania. This study detected 10 previously identified alleles and two previously unreported alleles at the MHC Class II DZB locus in 18 platypuses from the Seabrook Creek Catchment. An additional sequence isolated from two individuals was consistent with a pseudogene. Alleles were reasonably well distributed geographically through the catchment, but there was evidence of a degree of isolation at one site. Consistent with evidence that smaller wildlife populations have relatively low genetic diversity, and that there is relatively slow gene flow between river catchments, the observed genetic diversity at the MHC Class II locus was lower than those in larger previously studied river catchments but higher than those in two island populations. Consequently, this population of platypuses may have a limited capacity to respond to new infectious challenges, such as the fungal disease mucormycosis.

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Turkey humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a Newcastle viscerotropic vaccine and its association with major histocompatibility complex.

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ◽

10.15547/bjvm.2031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 26-40

Author(s):

H. Al-Karagoly ◽

G. Nikbakht ◽

M. Hassanzadeh ◽

T. Tolouei

Keyword(s):

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Class Ii ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Histocompatibility Complex

Immune responses to vaccines are mainly influenced by the nature of vaccines and host variation in response to vaccination. In this study we aimed to investigate turkey humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a Newcastle viscerotropic vaccine and its association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Turkeys were vaccinated with Villegas–Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease. The stimulation index of lymphocyte proliferation and antigen-specific local secretory IgA responses in bile, duodenum, ileum, as well as serum IgY and IgA responses were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The turkey MHC class II B locus was selected as candidate gene for detection of associations with cellular and humoral immune responses. Significant differences were observed between both cellular and humoral responses of vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A significant positive correlation was also found between ND specific IgY and ND specific IgA titres in serum, intestine (duodenum and ileum) and trachea. Moreover, the correlation between specific IgA titres in ileum and specific bile, duodenum and trachea was positively significant. High resolution melting analysis (HRM) was used to genotype MHC class II B exon 2. Eight melting profiles (A-G) were identified, among which, profile G showed a significant association with cellular response. The profile B revealed significant association with total IgA titres in serum and ileum. These findings help our understanding of the association of turkey MHC types with immune responses. Further correlation analysis between serum and mucosal antibody titres demonstrated that the levels of IgY and IgA in serum can give an impression about the levels of secretory IgA and situation of mucosal immunity. Based on the significant effects, ND specific IgY in serum appears to be a promising indirect marker for specific IgA in serum and trachea.

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Genetic diversity and evolution of the MHC class II DRB gene in the Japanese marten, Martes melampus (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

Mammal Research ◽

10.1007/s13364-020-00506-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 573-582

Author(s):

Sho Hosotani ◽

Yoshinori Nishita ◽

Ryuichi Masuda

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Martes Melampus ◽

Drb Gene

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Hae III locus at Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II region hints duplicated DQA genes in Indian mithun (Bos frontalis)

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0i0f.3795 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

S K Niranjan ◽

D. S. Gonge ◽

S. K. Mishra ◽

R. K . Singh ◽

S Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Gene Duplication ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Heterozygous Condition ◽

Colony Pcr ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Pcr Rflp

In bovines, duplication of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DQ genes increase the advantage of high genetic polymorphism in the region multifold to produce better immune response and population fitness. In this study, the DQA gene duplication was explored at MHC class II locus in mithun (Bos frontalis, Bofr), a unique bovine of North-East region of India. A 776 nucleotide long genomic region encompassing hyper-variable exon 2 of Bofr-DQA was amplified in 79 mithuns and digested with Hae III restriction enzyme for PCR-RFLP analysis. The analysis revealed some of the restriction patterns, which were carrying the total fragment size of the alleles aggregating more than a heterozygous condition. Colony PCR-RFLP of clones of mithun DQA by Hinf I enzyme revealed a total of three DQA alleles in single PCR product. The RFLP of direct PCR and clone (colony) PCR products indicated the amplification of three DQA alleles at a time, suggesting duplication of the DQA locus in mithun. Further, the RFLP based typing of mithun DQA locus revealed the presence of five different DQA1 and DQA2 alleles in different combinations during duplication in mithun population. The duplication of DQA, carrying both DQA1 and DQA2 alleles gene was found to be present in nearly half of the mithun population. In mithun, similar to other bovines, DQA gene duplication may have much importance in creating more and diversified MHC class II molecules, thus conferring an advantage to bind with a more number of pathogenic antigens.

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