scholarly journals Utilizando el análisis de ciclo de vida para el manejo sostenible de los residuos sólidos en Bogotá

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gómez

ONTARE. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAEste artículo abarca dos estrategias diferentes para que una ciudad como Bogotá, logre el manejo sostenible integral de residuos sólidos. No es un estado fácil de lograr, debido a que requiere tener en consideración condiciones ambientales, sociales y económicas. El Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV) funciona como una herramienta para guiar a las personas que toman decisiones hacia una solución sostenible. El ACV se utilizó para analizar el manejo de los residuos sólidos en Bogotá y se presentan dos escenarios específicos: la destrucción térmica del biogás del relleno sanitario y la introducción de un nuevo esquema de reciclaje basado en la separación desde la fuente. Los resultados del análisis realizado por Gómez (2004), muestran que aunque el potencial de calentamiento global se debe al impacto del biogás emitido, la toxicidad persistente es ocasionada en mayor grado, por la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad. Para el caso del esquema de reciclaje, los resultados muestran que los recuperadores o recicladores, necesitan participar activamente en el nuevo esquema, con el fin de reducir los posibles impactos y mejorar la aceptación social del proyecto.  ABSTRACT  This article looks upon two different strategies for a city like Bogotá to achieve Sustainable integrated solid waste management. This is not an easy state to achieve, since it requires taking into consideration environmental, social and economical conditions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) works as a tool for decision-makers to guide them to a sustainable solution. LCA was used to analyse solid waste management in Bogotá and two specific scenarios are presented, landfill gas flaring and the introduction of a new recycling scheme based on source separation. The results of the assessment done by Gomez (2004) show that although the Global Warming Potential is a very important impact from the emitted gas, Persistent Toxicity is the impact with the highest relevance and importance from the sustainability point of view. In the case of the recycling scheme, the results point out that scavengers need to participate in the new scheme in order to reduce the possible impacts and improve the acceptability of the project. 

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra K Sharma ◽  
Munish K Chandel

Dumping of municipal solid waste into uncontrolled dumpsites is the most common method of waste disposal in most cities of India. These dumpsites are posing a serious challenge to environmental quality and sustainable development. Mumbai, which generates over 9000 t of municipal solid waste daily, also disposes of most of its waste in open dumps. It is important to analyse the impact of municipal solid waste disposal today and what would be the impact under integrated waste management schemes. In this study, life cycle assessment methodology was used to determine the impact of municipal solid waste management under different scenarios. Six different scenarios were developed as alternatives to the current practice of open dumping and partially bioreactor landfilling. The scenarios include landfill with biogas collection, incineration and different combinations of recycling, landfill, composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration. Global warming, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity were assessed as environmental impact categories. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the recycling rate is increased from 10% to 90%, the environmental impacts as compared with present scenario would reduce from 998.43 kg CO2 eq t−1 of municipal solid waste, 0.124 kg SO2 eq t−1, 0.46 kg PO4−3 eq t−1, 0.44 kg 1,4-DB eq t−1 to 892.34 kg CO2 eq t−1, 0.121 kg SO2 eq t−1, 0.36 kg PO4−3 eq t−1, 0.40 kg 1,4-DB eq t−1, respectively. An integrated municipal solid waste management approach with a mix of recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion and landfill had the lowest overall environmental impact. The technologies, such as incineration, would reduce the global warming emission because of the highest avoided emissions, however, human toxicity would increase.


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nadzirah Othman ◽  
Zainura Zainon Noor ◽  
Ahmad Halilu Abba ◽  
Rafiu O. Yusuf ◽  
Mohd. Ariffin Abu Hassan

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095970
Author(s):  
Meichun Liu ◽  
Zhengze Tan ◽  
Xuechun Fan ◽  
Yuzhi Chang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
...  

With increasing population and urbanization levels in the People’s Republic of China, environmental problems related to the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) are inevitable. This study aimed to determine the environmental impact of the current MSW management system in Hohhot City and to establish an optimum future strategy for it by applying life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Four scenarios were compared using the CML-IA impact characterization method, which took into account their potential contribution to global warming, ozone depletion, human toxicity, photochemical ozone creation, acidification, and eutrophication potentials. The system boundaries included the collection and recycling, transfer and transportation of MSW, and its disposal by incineration, landfilling, and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture methods. The results showed that the scenario involving landfill and incineration in a ratio of 1:5 was the optimal waste management option; however, increasing the proportion of waste incinerated led to a significant increase in global warming potential. Additional technologies are thus required to overcome this problem, and it was found that the use of CO2 capture technology resulted in a 30% reduction in the total environmental impact potential. This study’s results indicate that LCA is a valuable and practical tool to support decision-making that can be used to suggest problematic areas in current waste management strategies and to determine an optimal alternative to the solid waste management option.


Author(s):  
Adan William da Silva Trentin ◽  
Adilson Moacir Becker Jr ◽  
Ênio Leandro Machado ◽  
Pâmela Andréa Mantey Dos Santos ◽  
Adriane de Assis Lawisch Rodriguez ◽  
...  

The present study conducted a Life Cycle Assessment evaluation of the Solid Waste Management System in Santa Cruz do Sul – RS, in order to provide background information and therefore support decision-making for future waste management scenarios. The software package named as Integrated Waste Management – 2, Version 2.5., was used to perform the LCA, where all inputs and waste management system outputs were identified and quantified. The conversion of the results from Life Cycle Inventory to Life Cycle Assessment in environmental impacts was carried out based on impact characterization factors from RECIPE 2008 version 1.08. The impact categories studied were: Photochemical Oxidant Formation Potential, Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Depletion of the Ozone Layer Potential and Particulate Matter Formation Potential in addition to the Use of Energy and Final Solid Waste. The current waste management scenario has been simulated as baseline, considering three additional scenarios, which included raising the number of households served by selective collection, improvement of recycling recovery efficiency in the sorting stage and the introduction of the biological treatment stage into the system by composting the organic matter. The results showed that the current scenario is the most impacting, for global warming, with a total of 12,102,122.85 kg of emissions per year, whereas scenario 04 showed to represent the lowest contribution rates to environmental impacts in carbon footprint perspective (5,946,702.47 kg of emissions per year). The final disposal stage in landfills had also contributed significantly to environmental impact rates, followed by the waste collection scenario. The proposed changes, suggested by alternative scenarios, had demonstrate considerable environmental savings, hereby justifying the importance of implementing these strategies in waste management.  Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment. Environmental Impact. IWM-2. Solid Waste. Brazil.ResumoEste trabalho desenvolveu um estudo de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS a fim de dar suporte a tomada de decisões para futuros cenários de gestão de resíduos. Para executar a Análise de Ciclo de Vida, foi utilizado o software Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos – 2 (IWM-2), Versão 2.5. Neste programa, as entradas e saídas referentes ao inventário do sistema de gerenciamento foram identificadas e quantificadas. A conversão dos resultados do Inventário de Ciclo de Vida para Análise do Ciclo de Vida em impactos ambientais foi realizada baseada na caracterização dos fatores de RECIPE 2008, versão 1.08. As categorias de impacto estudadas foram: Potencial de Formação de Oxidantes Fotoquímicos, Potencial de Aquecimento Global, Potencial de Acidificação, Potencial de Eutrofização, Potencial de Depleção da Camada de Ozônio e Potencial de Formação de Material Particulado além do Uso de Energia e Resíduos Sólidos Finais. O atual cenário de gerenciamento de resíduos foi simulado como base, considerando três cenários adicionais, os quais incluíam o aumento do número de famílias atendidas por coleta seletiva, melhoria na eficiência de recuperação da reciclagem na fase de triagem e introdução do estágio de tratamento biológico no sistema por compostagem de matéria orgânica. Os resultados mostraram que o cenário atual é o mais impactante para aquecimento global, com um total de 12,102,122.85 kg de emissões por ano, enquanto que o cenário 04 apresentou menores taxas de contribuição para esta categoria (5,946,702.47 kg de emissões por ano). A etapa de disposição final em aterros também contribuiu de forma significativa para a variação de impactos ambientais, seguido pela etapa de coleta de resíduo. As alterações propostas, sugeridas pelos cenários alternativos, demonstraram consideráveis melhorias ambientais, justificando a importância da implementação destas estratégias no gerenciamento de resíduos.  Palavras-chave: Análise do Ciclo de Vida. Impacto ao Meio Ambiente. IWM-2. Resíduo Sólido. Brasil.ResumenEste trabajo presenta los resultados del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida del Sistema de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos de la ciudad de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS-Brasil, para apoyar la toma de decisiones para futuros escenarios de la gestión de residuos. Para realizar el ACV fue utilizando el software de IWM, versión 2.5. En este programa, las entradas y salidas relativas al análisis del inventario fueron identificadas y cuantificadas. La conversión de los resultados del Inventario para la evaluación de los impactos se hizo con base en los factores de conversión RECIPE 2008 Versión 1.08. Las categorías de impacto estudiadas fueron: Potencial de formación de oxidantes fotoquímicos, calentamiento global, de acidificación, de eutrofización, de agotamiento de la capa de ozono, formación de material particulado, consumo de energía y los residuos sólidos final. El escenario actual fue simulado como valor de referencia. Otros tres escenarios fueron estudiados, los cuales incluyen el aumento del número de hogares con servicio de recogida selectiva de residuos, el aumento de la eficiencia de la etapa de separación de materiales reciclables y la introducción de la etapa de tratamiento biológico en sistema por medio del compostaje de la materia orgánica. Los resultados mostraron que el escenario actual es el más impactante en relación al potencial de calentamiento global, con un total de 12.102.122,85 kg equivalentes de CO2 de emisiones por año, mientras que el cuarto escenario mostró contribuciones más bajas para esta categoría (5.946.702,47 kg equivalentes de CO2 de emisiones por año). La etapa de la disposición final también contribuyó significativamente con los impactos ambientales, seguido de la etapa de recolección de residuos. Las modificaciones sugeridas y simuladas por los escenarios alternativos mostraron mejoras ambientales considerables, lo que justifica la importancia de implementar estas estrategias en la gestión de residuos.  Palabras clave: Análisis del Ciclo de Vida. Impacto al Medio Ambiente. IWM-2.5. Residuo Sólido. Brasil.


2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlai Zeng ◽  
Qina Sun ◽  
Baoquan Huo ◽  
Hongfen Wan ◽  
Changyong Jing

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