EFFECT OF FLUORIDE VARNISH APPLICATION ON PRIMARY DENTITION AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN DHARAN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumari Agrawal ◽  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Tarakant Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease which starts with microbiological shift within the complex biofilm and is affected by salivary flow and its composition, exposure to fluoride, consumption of dietary sugars, and by preventive behaviors (cleaning teeth). Topical application of fluoride varnish on the tooth surface prevent the dissolution rates of tooth materials and increase the re-precipitation of lost minerals. The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of fluoride varnish application in primary dentition among preschool children at high risk of dental caries. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two parallel group, comprising 3-5 year old children, 100 in each group (Fluoride varnish/FV or Placebo varnish/PV). Oral examination of children was performed using mouth mirror and WHO probe. Dental caries was recorded at baseline, three and six months using Caries Assessment and Treatment Instrument (CAST) scoring system. Analysis was done using chi-square test for categorical data, Mann-Whitney U test, independent t test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for quantitative data. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Overall, dental caries progression from baseline to 3 month and 6 month was more in PV group children than FV (38.98% and 31.3% respectively). At the end of the study, the overall caries incidence was 28.24%. The proportion of children with new caries lesions was more in PV group than that in the FV group at every three months interval. The difference between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). FV treatment once in six months had better treatment effect with preventive fraction of 62.1% in comparison to three months (59.0%). Conclusion: Dental caries can be prevented effectively by use of 5% sodium fluoride varnish. It is efficacious when applied twice a year in children at high risk of dental caries. Trial Registration: CTRI/2016/02/006659 (Reg. date: 18/02/2016) Trial Registered Retrospectively Key Words: Dental caries, Fluoride varnish, Primary dentition, Randomized controlled trial

Efficacy of Probiotic Milk for Caries Regression in Preschool Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 491-501
Author(s):  
Supatcharin Piwat ◽  
Rawee Teanpaisan ◽  
Chanika Manmontri ◽  
Onnida Wattanarat ◽  
Nuntiya Pahumunto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

This multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the efficacy of daily or triweekly consumption of reconstituted milk powder, containing <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>SD1, in preschool children for caries prevention. A 6-month intervention was conducted in 487 children (aged 37.6 ± 9.2 months) with ≤4 decayed teeth from 8 childcare centers. Using stratified block randomization, participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups, comprising: (1) daily probiotic, receiving probiotic milk once daily, (2) triweekly probiotic, randomly receiving probiotic milk 3 days a week and the placebo milk for the remaining 4 days, and (3) placebo, receiving milk without probiotics. Each tooth surface was assessed for caries status using the modified Nyvad criteria at baseline (T0), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months after T0. Study outcomes were caries transition, including caries progression and regression during the T0–T6, T6–T12 and T0–T12 periods. Negative binomial regression with a generalized linear model was used to estimate the caries outcomes, which were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). At baseline, caries prevalence and mean decayed surfaces were 81.9% and 7.29 ± 7.60, respectively. Three groups were balanced at baseline with an overall dropout rate of 25.2%. After adjusting for age, sex, and the number of noncavitated and cavitated caries at baseline, a decreased caries risk during T0–T6 was shown in both the daily and triweekly probiotic groups (adjusted IRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.96 in both groups) and during T0–T12 (adjusted IRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.94, and adjusted IRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.96, respectively) compared to the placebo group. In contrast, significantly increased regressive surfaces were demonstrated during T0–T6 by adjusted IRR 1.76 (95% CI 1.25–2.48) and 2.01 (95% CI 1.42–2.85) and during T0–T12 by adjusted IRR 1.98 (95% CI 1.50–2.61) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.45–2.55) for the daily and triweekly groups, respectively. In conclusion, probiotic milk consumption either daily or triweekly can modestly prevent new caries, but considerably reverse carious lesions, suggesting that a daily or triweekly dose interval is sufficient to reverse carious lesions.

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