scholarly journals Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Kouassi Assaré ◽  
Roméo N. N’Tamon ◽  
Louise G. Bellai ◽  
Judicaelle A. Koffi ◽  
Tra-Bi I. Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. However, in some social-ecological settings, the prevalence and/or intensity of Schistosoma infection does not lower meaningfully despite multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy, a phenomenon termed persistent hotspot (PHS). We assessed the characteristics of PHS in a Schistosoma mansoni -endemic area of Côte d’Ivoire. Methods In October 2016, a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in 14 schools in the western part of Côte d’Ivoire, one year after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy. In each school, 50 children aged 9-12 years were randomly selected and invited to submit two stool samples and one urine sample. Stool samples were subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for S. mansoni diagnosis. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method for S. haematobium eggs. PHS was defined as failure to achieve a reduction in the prevalence and/or intensity of S. mansoni infection of at least 35% and 50%, respectively after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy targeting school-aged children. A questionnaire was administered in six schools to obtain data on demographic characteristics, including human-water contact behaviours, water, sanitation and hygiene and history of preventive chemotherapy. A malacological survey was conducted in December 2016. Results The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in the 14 surveyed schools was 9.5% and 2.6%, respectively. There were four PHS among six schools that underwent detailed investigation. The S. mansoni prevalence in the four PHS was 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4-15.5%), compared to 6.6% (95% CI: 1.4-11.8%) in the remaining two schools. The arithmetic mean of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool (EPG) among infected children was 123.8 EPG in PHS and 18.7 EPG in the remaining two schools. A statistically significant difference between PHS and the other schools regarding praziquantel coverage was found with higher coverage rate observed in PHS (98.4% versus 89.0%, X 2 = 3.7, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference with regard to access to clean water in the two groups of schools. Children bathing in open freshwater bodies were at higher odds of S. mansoni infection (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). A total of 76 human-water contact sites (53 in PHS and 23 in the other schools) were examined and 688 snails were collected, including 92 Biomphalaria pfeifferi , 25 Bulinus forskalii , 16 Bu. globosus and one Bu. truncatus . Conclusion Children in PHS schools bathed more frequently in open freshwater bodies, and hence, they were potentially more exposed to S. mansoni . Our findings call for an integrated control approach, complementing preventive chemotherapy with behavioural change implementation in PHS settings.

scholarly journals Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Kouassi Assaré ◽  
Roméo N. N’Tamon ◽  
Louise G. Bellai ◽  
Judicaelle A. Koffi ◽  
Tra-Bi I. Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. However, in some social-ecological settings, the prevalence and/or intensity of Schistosoma infection does not lower meaningfully despite multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy, a phenomenon termed persistent hotspot (PHS). We assessed the characteristics of PHS in a Schistosoma mansoni -endemic area of Côte d’Ivoire. Methods In October 2016, a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in 14 schools in the western part of Côte d’Ivoire, one year after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy. In each school, 50 children aged 9-12 years were randomly selected and invited to submit two stool samples and one urine sample. Stool samples were subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for S. mansoni diagnosis. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method for S. haematobium eggs. PHS was defined as failure to achieve a reduction in the prevalence and/or intensity of S. mansoni infection of at least 35% and 50%, respectively after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy targeting school-aged children. A questionnaire was administered in six schools to obtain data on demographic characteristics, including human-water contact behaviours, water, sanitation and hygiene and history of preventive chemotherapy. A malacological survey was conducted in December 2016. Results The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in the 14 surveyed schools was 9.5% and 2.6%, respectively. There were four PHS among six schools that underwent detailed investigation. The S. mansoni prevalence in the four PHS was 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4-15.5%), compared to 6.6% (95% CI: 1.4-11.8%) in the remaining two schools. The arithmetic mean of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool (EPG) among infected children was 123.8 EPG in PHS and 18.7 EPG in the remaining two schools. A statistically significant difference between PHS and the other schools regarding praziquantel coverage was found with higher coverage rate observed in PHS (98.4% versus 89.0%, X 2 = 3.7, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference with regard to access to clean water in the two groups of schools. Children bathing in open freshwater bodies were at higher odds of S. mansoni infection (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). A total of 76 human-water contact sites (53 in PHS and 23 in the other schools) were examined and 688 snails were collected, including 92 Biomphalaria pfeifferi , 25 Bulinus forskalii , 16 Bu. globosus and one Bu. truncatus . Conclusion Children in PHS schools bathed more frequently in open freshwater bodies, and hence, they were potentially more exposed to S. mansoni . Our findings call for an integrated control approach, complementing preventive chemotherapy with behavioural change implementation in PHS settings.

scholarly journals Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Kouassi Assaré ◽  
Roméo N. N’Tamon ◽  
Louise G. Bellai ◽  
Judicaelle A. Koffi ◽  
Tra-Bi I. Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract BackgroundPreventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. However, in some social-ecological settings, the prevalence and/or intensity of Schistosoma infection does not lower meaningfully despite multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy, a phenomenon termed persistent hotspot (PHS). We assessed the characteristics of PHS in a Schistosoma mansoni-endemic area of Côte d’Ivoire.Methods: In October 2016, a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in 14 schools in the western part of Côte d’Ivoire, one year after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy. In each school, 50 children aged 9-12 years were randomly selected and invited to submit two stool samples and one urine sample. Stool samples were subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for S. mansoni diagnosis. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method for S. haematobium eggs. PHS was defined as failure to achieve a reduction in the prevalence and/or intensity of S. mansoni infection of at least 35% and 50%, respectively after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy targeting school-aged children. A questionnaire was administered in six schools to obtain data on demographic characteristics, including human-water contact behaviours, water, sanitation and hygiene and history of preventive chemotherapy. A malacological survey was conducted in December 2016.Results: The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in the 14 surveyed schools was 9.5% and 2.6%, respectively. There were four PHS among six schools that underwent detailed investigation. The S. mansoni prevalence in the four PHS was 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4-15.5%), compared to 6.6% (95% CI: 1.4-11.8%) in the remaining two schools. The arithmetic mean of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool (EPG) among infected children was 123.8 EPG in PHS and 18.7 EPG in the remaining two schools. A statistically significant difference between PHS and the other schools regarding praziquantel coverage was found with higher coverage rate observed in PHS (98.4% versus 89.0%, X2 = 3.7, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference with regard to access to clean water in the two groups of schools. Children bathing in open freshwater bodies were at higher odds of S. mansoni infection (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). A total of 76 human-water contact sites (53 in PHS and 23 in the other schools) were examined and 688 snails were collected, including 92 Biomphalaria pfeifferi, 25 Bulinus forskalii, 16 Bu. globosus and one Bu. truncatus.Conclusion: Children in PHS schools bathed more frequently in open freshwater bodies, and hence, they were potentially more exposed to S. mansoni. Our findings call for an integrated control approach, complementing preventive chemotherapy with behavioural change implementation in PHS settings.

scholarly journals Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Kouassi Assaré ◽  
Roméo N. N’Tamon ◽  
Louise G. Bellai ◽  
Judicaelle A. Koffi ◽  
Tra-Bi I. Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. However, in some social-ecological settings, the prevalence and/or intensity of Schistosoma infection does not lower meaningfully despite multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy, a phenomenon termed persistent hotspot (PHS). We assessed the characteristics of PHS in a Schistosoma mansoni -endemic area of Côte d’Ivoire. Methods In October 2016, a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in 14 schools in the western part of Côte d’Ivoire, one year after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy. In each school, 50 children aged 9-12 years were randomly selected and invited to submit two stool samples and one urine sample. Stool samples were subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for S. mansoni diagnosis. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method for S. haematobium eggs. PHS was defined as failure to achieve a reduction in the prevalence and/or intensity of S. mansoni infection of at least 35% and 50%, respectively after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy targeting school-aged children. A questionnaire was administered in six schools to obtain data on demographic characteristics, including human-water contact behaviours, water, sanitation and hygiene and history of preventive chemotherapy. A malacological survey was conducted in December 2016. Results The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in the 14 surveyed schools was 9.5% and 2.6%, respectively. There were four PHS among six schools that underwent detailed investigation. The S. mansoni prevalence in the four PHS was 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4-15.5%), compared to 6.6% (95% CI: 1.4-11.8%) in the remaining two schools. The arithmetic mean of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool (EPG) among infected children was 123.8 EPG in PHS and 18.7 EPG in the remaining two schools. A statistically significant difference between PHS and the other schools regarding praziquantel coverage was found with higher coverage rate observed in PHS (98.4% versus 89.0%, X 2 = 3.7, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference with regard to access to clean water in the two groups of schools. Children bathing in open freshwater bodies were at higher odds of S. mansoni infection (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). A total of 76 human-water contact sites (53 in PHS and 23 in the other schools) were examined and 688 snails were collected, including 92 Biomphalaria pfeifferi , 25 Bulinus forskalii , 16 Bu. globosus and one Bu. truncatus . Conclusion Children in PHS schools bathed more frequently in open freshwater bodies, and hence, they were potentially more exposed to S. mansoni . Our findings call for an integrated control approach, complementing preventive chemotherapy with behavioural change implementation in PHS settings.

scholarly journals Characteristics of persistent hotspots of Schistosoma mansoni in western Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Kouassi Assaré ◽  
Roméo N. N’Tamon ◽  
Louise G. Bellai ◽  
Judicaelle A. Koffi ◽  
Tra-Bi I. Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. However, in some social-ecological settings, the prevalence and/or intensity of Schistosoma infection does not lower meaningfully despite multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy, a phenomenon termed persistent hotspot (PHS). We assessed the characteristics of PHS in a Schistosoma mansoni -endemic area of Côte d’Ivoire. Methods In October 2016, a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in 14 schools in the western part of Côte d’Ivoire, one year after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy. In each school, 50 children aged 9-12 years were randomly selected and invited to submit two stool samples and one urine sample. Stool samples were subjected to triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for S. mansoni diagnosis. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method for S. haematobium eggs. PHS was defined as failure to achieve a reduction in the prevalence and/or intensity of S. mansoni infection of at least 35% and 50%, respectively after multiple rounds of preventive chemotherapy targeting school-aged children. A questionnaire was administered in six schools to obtain data on demographic characteristics, including human-water contact behaviours, water, sanitation and hygiene and history of preventive chemotherapy. A malacological survey was conducted in December 2016. Results The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in the 14 surveyed schools was 9.5% and 2.6%, respectively. There were four PHS among six schools that underwent detailed investigation. The S. mansoni prevalence in the four PHS was 10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4-15.5%), compared to 6.6% (95% CI: 1.4-11.8%) in the remaining two schools. The arithmetic mean of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool (EPG) among infected children was 123.8 EPG in PHS and 18.7 EPG in the remaining two schools. A statistically significant difference between PHS and the other schools regarding praziquantel coverage was found with higher coverage rate observed in PHS (98.4% versus 89.0%, X 2 = 3.7, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference with regard to access to clean water in the two groups of schools. Children bathing in open freshwater bodies were at higher odds of S. mansoni infection (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). A total of 76 human-water contact sites (53 in PHS and 23 in the other schools) were examined and 688 snails were collected, including 92 Biomphalaria pfeifferi , 25 Bulinus forskalii , 16 Bu. globosus and one Bu. truncatus . Conclusion Children in PHS schools bathed more frequently in open freshwater bodies, and hence, they were potentially more exposed to S. mansoni . Our findings call for an integrated control approach, complementing preventive chemotherapy with behavioural change implementation in PHS settings.

scholarly journals Impact of social distancing measures on the daily number of new COVID-19 cases in Côte d’Ivoire: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teegwende V. Porgo ◽  
Khadidja Malloum Boukar ◽  
Ezechiel A. Djallo ◽  
Richard Quansah Amissah ◽  
Coralie Assy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Period 2

AbstractIntroductionCôte d’Ivoire is facing a second wave of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While social distancing measures (SDM) may be an option to address this wave, SDM may be devastating, especially if they have a minimal impact on the spread of COVID-19, given the other measures in place.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study involving cases that had occurred as at June 30, 2020. We used data from the Government’s situation reports. We established three study periods, which correspond to the implementation and easing of SDM, including a 10-day delay for test results: (1) the SDM (March 11 - May 24), (2) the no SDM (May 25 - June 21), and (3) the pseudo SDM (June 22 - July 10) periods. We compared the incidence rate during these periods using Poisson regression, with sex, age, and the average daily number of tests as covariates.ResultsAs at July 10, there were 12,052 cases. The incidence rate was 100% higher during period 2 compared to period 1 (incidence rate ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.75-2.41) and 25% lower during period 3 compared to period 2 (0.75 [0.66-0.86]).ConclusionsThe easing and subsequent reinforcement of SDM had a significant impact on the spread of COVID-19 in Côte d’Ivoire. The other mitigation measures either did not compensate for the easing of the SDM during the no SDM period or were not fully effective throughout the study periods; they should be strengthened before the SDM are reimplemented.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritive Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) Produced and Stocked from Rural Conditions in Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Kouamé Désiré ◽  
Biego Henri Marius ◽  
Niamketchi Gilles Léonce ◽  
Konan Ysidor ◽  
Sidibé Daouda
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food for millions of people in Côte d’Ivoire. Due                         to its high productivity and low cost of calorie it is preferred crop for food security of the                      country. Thus, this study was conducted to assess nutritive quality of maize produced and               stocked in five purposively selected regions of Côte d’Ivoire which represents five agroecological settings. Study Design: A total of 1500 samples of maize as grains, epis and spathes were collected at rate of 500 samples by region (Gbêkê, Poro, Hambol, Indénié-Djuablin and Gontougo) and sent to the laboratory in order to analyse their nutritional quality. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out during March 2016 to January 2017. The collected sample were carried out at the laboratory unit of Food Sciences and Biochemistry of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan. Methodology: Proximate analyses were carried out using standard methods AOAC (2000). Results: The results show significant difference from the biochemical compositions of maize type and region. Mean value intervals were as follow: dry matter (85.83 – 91.42%), ash (1.19 - 2%), proteins (7.99 - 9.32), lipids (3.21 - 4.47), carbohydrates (71.80 - 77.94), starches (62.30 - 68.44%), fibers (5.03 - 5.83%), total sugars (2,13 - 2.99%), reducing sugars (0.33 - 0.66%), free fat acidity (1.86- 4.50%), peroxide value (1.34 - 3.07 meq O2/kg), iodine value (100.93 - 130.56 g I2/100 g), unsaponifiable (0.89 - 1.54%) and energy values (357.88 - 374.39 kcal). Conclusion: A significant variability from one region to another can be noticed at level of maize quality regardless the type of maize. The nutritive quality of maize seems to be tied to postharvest treatments (drying), type of storage (epis, grains and spathes) and structure of storage.

scholarly journals Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la pourriture brune des cabosses de cacaoyer due à phytophthora sp. dans le département d’Aboisso (Cote d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 14842-14852
Author(s):  
POHE Jean ◽  
MIAN Jacques Dutron ◽  
OKOU Staelle Florence Famisso
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatio Temporal

RESUME Objectif : Cette étude a été menée pour évaluer le niveau de la pourriture brune, de suivre son évolution dans les plantations, au niveau des différentes parties du cacaoyer et de préciser l’emplacement des lésions sur les différentes cabosses infectées dans les cacaoyères dans le Département d’Aboisso Sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Méthodologie et résultats : Cinq plantations ont été choisies avec dans chacune vingt plants mis en observation et sur lesquels trois parties ont été délimitées : le bas, le milieu et les branches. Sur chaque cabosse infectée la lésion est soit, proximale, latérale ou distale. Le dispositif est donc en blocs de Fischer avec un arrangement factoriel, 2 facteurs (localisation des cabosses dans l’arbre et la position des lésions sur les cabosse) avec chacun 3 niveaux soit, 9 traitements avec 5 répétions. L’analyse des taux des affections à Phytophthora donne une différence hautement significative d’une part entre les localisations des cabosses dans l’arbre et d’autre part, entre les positions des lésions sur les cabosses. Aussi, la position des lésions sur les cabosses diffère-t-elle selon la localisation de celles-ci dans l’arbre (p-value < 1%). Conclusion : La pourriture brune sévit de façon endémique dans le département d’Aboisso. Les cabosses sur le tronc, notamment celles qui sont vers le bas, s’avèrent les plus vulnérables. Les lésions distales sont préférentiellement situées sur les cabosses vers le bas du tronc, alors que les proximales sont en grand nombre sur le milieu du tronc et les branches. Les Phytophthora étant des organismes telluriques, l’importance de leurs attaques sur les cabosses et sur les parties de celles-ci proches du sol, source d’inoculum primaire s’avérerait inévitable. Application actuelle et potentielle des résultats : A partir de ces résultats, il convient de recommander d’éviter l’abandon de la protection avec des fongicides appropriés de la cacaoyère de cette localité comme ont tendance à le faire certains planteurs. Aussi, les applications de fongicides, surtout ceux de contact, par atomisation ne doivent-ils pas être dirigées seulement dans les branches mais également sur le tronc et surtout vers le bas des pieds des arbres. Mots clés : pourriture brune, dynamique, cacaoyer, Aboisso, Côte d’Ivoire ABSTRACT Spatio-temporal dynamics of the brown rot of cocoa pots due to phytophthora sp. in the department of Aboisso (Cote d'Ivoire) Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of brown rot, monitor its evolution in plantations, at the level of different parts of the cocoa tree and to specify the location of the lesions on the different pods infected in the cocoa farms in the Department. of Aboisso South-east of Ivory Coast. Methodology and results: Five plantations were selected, each of which had twenty plants under observation and on which three parts were delineated: the bottom, the middle and the branches. On each infected pod the lesion is proximal, lateral or distal. The device is therefore in Fischer blocks with a factorial arrangement, 2 factors (location of the pods in the tree and the position of the lesions on the pod) with each 3 levels, i.e. 9 treatments with 5 repetitions. The analysis of the Phytophthora disease rates gives a highly significant difference between the location of the pods in the tree and between the positions of the lesions on the pods. Also, the position of the lesions on the pods differs according to the location of these in the tree (p-value <1%). Conclusion: Brown rot is endemic in the Aboisso department. Pods on the trunk, especially those that are down, are the most vulnerable. The distal lesions are preferentially located on the pods down the trunk, while the proximal ones are in large numbers on the middle of the trunk and branches. Phytophthora being telluric organisms, the importance of their attacks on pods and parts of them that are close to the soil, a source of primary inoculum, would be inevitable. Current and Potential Application of Results: From these results, it is advisable to avoid abandoning the protection with appropriate fungicides of the cocoa farm in this locality, as some planters tend to do. Also, the applications of fungicides, especially those of contact, by atomization should not be directed only in the branches but also on the trunk and especially down the feet of the trees. Keywords: brown rot, dynamics, cocoa, Aboisso, Ivory Coast

Modernity, Autochthony and the Ivorian Nation: the End of a Century in Côte d'Ivoire

Africa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Cutolo
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

ABSTRACTIn the mid-1990s, Côte d'Ivoire witnessed the rise of the ideology of ivoirité, a conception of citizenship based on autochthonous origins. Ivoirité was elaborated by a group of Ivorian intellectuals in the context of the political struggle opposing Henry Konan Bedié to Alassane Ouattara in the succession to the late President Houphouët-Boigny. Through the tactical use of the rhetoric of ivoirité, Ouattara was depicted by his adversaries as a ‘Burkinabé’ trying to rule the country. Going beyond this tactical aspect, the article addresses the ideological relations linking ivoirité to the ‘project of an Ivorian liberal society’ explicitly constructed by the same intellectuals. These relations contributed to the emergence, in the Ivorian public space, of a discourse establishing self-evident, hegemonic connections between notions like autochthony, modernity and nationality, on the one hand, and biopolitical concepts like population, immigration, security and resources on the other. The article uses two complementary perspectives to frame this emergent discourse. One focuses on the historical continuity of the political-economic strategies and population policies implemented by colonial governments and post-colonial elites. The other uses Giorgio Agamben's critical enquiry into citizenship and nationality to bring to light the implication of the ivoirité intellectuals in the construction of a national bios, and thus in the singling out of a paradigmatic form of bare life.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of the testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 2 gene and risk of asthenozoospermia in Côte d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Konan G. S. N'zi ◽  
Jules E. H. Ayekoue ◽  
Yapi G. Yaye ◽  
Marie F. N'guessan ◽  
Ako A. B. Ako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Frequent Mutations

Background: The testis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (TSSK2) is an indispensable protein responsible for the mobility of spermatozoa expressed specifically in the germ cells during spermatogenesis and present in the mature spermatozoa. Its gene mutation could constitute a risk of infertility. The aim of this study is to investigate the polymorphism of this TSSK2 gene in men with asthenozoospermia.Methods: The ejaculates were obtained from patients attending the reproductive biology unit of Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire for their spermiological evaluations. The semen analyses are performed with the automatic sperm analyzer SQA-Vision. 30 sperms, including 20 asthenozoosperms and 10 normosperms, were selected from their spermiological results and the spermatozoa DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. Direct Sequencing of the spermatozoa DNA fragments was done using the Sanger method. The frequencies of mutation were analysis with the Fisher and Mann-Whitney tests.   Results: It was revealed 17 mutations in 22 ejaculates. The frequent mutations are c.839C>T (T280M), c.816G>C (L372L), c.1026G>A (R342R), c.785A>C (H262P) and c.80A>G (K27R) with respectively frequencies of 50.0%, 26.67%, 16.67%, 13.33% and 10.0%. The analysis of these mutations indicated a significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of mutations between normosperms and asthenozoosperms (p-value = 0.01).Conclusions: This study shows that mutations in the TSSK2 gene are more common in asthenozoosperm ejaculates than normosperm ejaculates. This fact suggests the probable association of mutations in the TSSK2 gene with asthenozoospermia.

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