scholarly journals The Interactive Association between Sodium Intake, Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension among Elderly in Northern China: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Nan ◽  
Haiwen Lu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Mingming Xue ◽  
Yonggang Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Abstract Background: Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the interactive associations among sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among older adult residents of Inner Mongolia in northern China.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. The prevalence of hypertension was age standardized by the direct method. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated using a weighing method and 24-hour recalls on 3 consecutive days. Hypertension was either self-reported or field-measured. Participants were categorized into six subgroups according to combinations of sodium intake status and drinking level. Logistic regression was used to determine the interactive effect of sodium intake and drinking on hypertension.Results: Of the 820 older adults who participated in this study, 523 (63.80%, age-standardized rate = 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88 g. Sodium intake and drinking excessively were both independently related to higher risk of hypertension. A formal test for a multiplicative interaction between sodium intake and drinking revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.042), and the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for the interaction was 1.1 (1.0–1.3). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of hypertension was highest among those with both excessive sodium intake and excessive alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.7–7.9).Conclusions: The study highlights the interactive effect of sodium intake and alcohol consumption on hypertension. Primary health care providers should pay special attention to older adults with hypertension—especially those with an unhealthy diet including both excessive sodium and excessive alcohol intake. These findings are applicable for older adults in Inner Mongolia and worldwide.

scholarly journals The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Nan ◽  
Haiwen Lu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Mingming Xue ◽  
Yonggang Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Abstract Background Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the interactive associations among sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among older adult residents of Inner Mongolia in northern China. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. The prevalence of hypertension was age standardized by the direct method. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated using a weighing method and 24-h recalls on 3 consecutive days. Hypertension was either self-reported or field-measured. Participants were categorized into six subgroups according to combinations of sodium intake status and drinking level. Logistic regression was used to determine the interactive effect of sodium intake and drinking on hypertension. Results Of the 820 older adults who participated in this study, 523 (63.80%, age-standardized rate = 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88 g. Sodium intake and drinking excessively were both independently related to higher risk of hypertension. A formal test for a multiplicative interaction between sodium intake and drinking revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.042), and the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for the interaction was 1.1 (1.0–1.3). After adjusting for confounders, compared with moderate sodium intake and no drinking group, the risk of hypertension was highest among those with both excessive sodium intake and excessive alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.7–7.9). Conclusions The study highlights the interactive effect of sodium intake and alcohol consumption on hypertension. Primary health care providers should pay special attention to older adults with hypertension—especially those with an unhealthy diet including both excessive sodium and excessive alcohol intake. These findings are applicable for older adults in Inner Mongolia and worldwide.

scholarly journals The Interactive Association between Sodium Intake, Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension among Elderly in Northern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Nan ◽  
Haiwen Lu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Mingming Xue ◽  
Yonggang Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Abstract Background: Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly residents of Inner Mongolia in Northern China.Methods: This cross-sectional study used the National Survey Data for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. The prevalence of hypertension was age standardized by direct method. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated using a weighing method and 24-hour recalls over three consecutive days. Hypertension was either self-reported or field-measured. Participants were categorized into six subgroups according to the sodium intake status and drinking levels. Logistic regression was used to determine the interactive effects between sodium intake and drinking on hypertension.Results: A total 820 elderly participated in the study, of whom 523 (63.80%, age-standardized rate 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88g. Sodium intake and drinking excessively were both independently related to a higher risk of hypertension. Adjusting for confounders, there was interaction between sodium intake and alcohol consumption in the six subgroups, with the risk of hypertension being highest among the group with excessive sodium intake and excessive alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 3.639 (95% confidence interval: 1.666–7.947).Conclusions: The study highlights the interactive association between sodium intake and alcohol consumption with hypertension. Primary healthcare providers should take special consideration of those who are older age with hypertension in Inner Mongolia, especially those with an unhealthy diet including both excessive sodium and excessive alcohol intake.

scholarly journals The Interactive Association between Sodium Intake, Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension among Elderly in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Xi Nan ◽  
Haiwen Lu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Mingming Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weighing Method

Abstract Background The study examined the interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in Inner Mongolia in Northern China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study which came from the National Survey Data for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated by 24-hour recalls and a weighing method. Participants were categorized into 6 subgroups according to the sodium intake status and drinking levels. Multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the interactive effects. Results 820 elderly were included in the study, of whom 523 (63.80%, standardized rate 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88g among the residents in Inner Mongolia. Adjusting for confounders, there was interaction between sodium intake and alcohol consumption, the risk of hypertension was highest among sodium intake excessively with alcohol consumption excessively group, with odds ratio (OR) of 3.639 (95% Confidence interval [ 95% CI ]: 1.666 - 7.947). Conclusions The study highlights the interactive association between sodium intake and alcohol consumption with hypertension. Measures which reduce the intake of sodium and consumption of alcohol aimed at preventing hypertension, and improving the quality of life and health among elderly in Inner Mongolia.

scholarly journals Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Bai ◽  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Tiantai Shao ◽  
Xia Qin ◽  
Zhi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: We aimed to examine the association between social capital and loneliness in Anhui Province, China. Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, social capital, and loneliness in 1810 older adults (aged 60 years and older) were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression models and a classification and regression tree model were performed to assess the association of social capital and loneliness. Results: Our results indicated that social capital in terms of lower level of social participation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10-1.74), social connection (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18-1.93), and reciprocity (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13-1.90) were associated with higher odds of developing loneliness. We noted the interactive effect of different social capital dimensions on loneliness, suggesting that the risk for suffering loneliness was greatest in older people limited in functional ability, with less trust, less social connection, and less social participation. Conclusions: Our findings show that social capital is associated with loneliness in older adults. This implies that social capital, especially in terms of trust, social connection, and social participation may be significant for alleviating loneliness in later life.

scholarly journals Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Bai ◽  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Tiantai Shao ◽  
Xia Qin ◽  
Zhi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: We aimed to examine the association between social capital and loneliness in Anhui Province, China. Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, social capital, and loneliness in 1810 older adults (aged 60 years and older) were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression models and a classification and regression tree model were performed to assess the association of social capital and loneliness. Results: Our results indicated that social capital in terms of lower level of social participation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10-1.74), social connection (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18-1.93), and reciprocity (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13-1.90) were associated with higher odds of developing loneliness. We noted the interactive effect of different social capital dimensions on loneliness, suggesting that the risk for suffering loneliness was greatest in older people limited in functional ability, with less trust, less social connection, and less social participation. Conclusions: Our findings show that social capital is associated with loneliness in older adults. This implies that social capital, especially in terms of trust, social connection, and social participation may be significant for alleviating loneliness in later life.

scholarly journals Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: a cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Bai ◽  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Tiantai Shao ◽  
Xia Qin ◽  
Zhi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the association between social capital and loneliness in Anhui Province, China. Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, social capital, and loneliness in 1810 older adults (aged 60 years and older) were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression models and a classification and regression tree model were performed to assess the association of social capital and loneliness. Results Our results indicated that social capital in terms of lower level of social participation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10–1.74), social connection (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18–1.93), and reciprocity (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13–1.90) were associated with higher odds of developing loneliness. We noted the interactive effect of different social capital dimensions on loneliness, suggesting that the risk for suffering loneliness was greatest in older people limited in functional ability, with less trust, less social connection, and less social participation. Conclusions Our findings show that social capital is associated with loneliness in older adults. This implies that social capital, especially in terms of trust, social connection, and social participation may be significant for alleviating loneliness in later life.

scholarly journals Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Bai ◽  
Zijing Wang ◽  
Tiantai Shao ◽  
Xia Qin ◽  
Zhi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Although the relationship between social capital and loneliness in later life has been widely researched in western countries, this evidence is largely lacking in China. We aimed to examine the association between social capital and experienced loneliness in Anhui Province, China. Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, social capital, and loneliness in 1810 older adults (aged 60 years and older) were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression models and a classification and regression tree model were performed. Results Our results indicated that social capital in terms of social participation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10–1.74), social connection (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18–1.93), and reciprocity (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13–1.90) were associated with loneliness. We noted the interactive effect of different social capital dimensions on loneliness, suggesting that the risk for suffering loneliness was greatest in older people limited in functional ability, with less trust, less social connection, and less social participation. Conclusions Our findings show that social capital is associated with loneliness in older adults. This implies that social capital, especially in terms of trust, social connection, and social participation may be significant for alleviating loneliness among older adults.

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