scholarly journals Debt for nature swaps – which nature, how much and who pays?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Nedophil ◽  
Mengdi Yue ◽  
Alice Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Global Priority ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Interest Payments ◽  
Biodiversity Priority Areas

Abstract Financially viable means to conserve biodiversity are urgently needed. We analyze how debt-for-nature swaps could conserve currently unprotected biodiversity priority-areas for six biomes in 67 countries under the debt service suspension initiative related to COVID19. Using novel methods and data, we find that the 67 countries hold over 22% of global priority-areas, yet 82.96% is unprotected. For 35 of the 67 countries, swapping 0.1% of public debt could conserve 100% of unprotected priority-areas. By swapping 5.09% of these countries’ total public debt (USD26.5 billion) in a pooled swap, 100% of priority-areas could be protected across the countries. Management costs could partly be covered through re-routed interest payments within the countries, with further annual funding of USD0.5-3.5 billion required. One-Sentence Summary: We develop a framework for efficient application of debt-for-nature swaps to maximize biodiversity conservation.

Does Public Debt Service Expenditure Crowd-Out Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from an African Developing Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Talknice Saungweme ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of public debt service on economic growth; and it provides an evidence-based approach to public policy formulation in Zimbabwe. The empirical analysis was performed by applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to annual time-series data from 1970 to 2017. The study findings reveal that the impact of public debt service on economic growth in Zimbabwe is negative in the short run but positive in the long run. The results are suggestive of the existence of a crowding-out effect of public debt service in Zimbabwe in the short run and a crowding-in effect in the long run. In view of these findings, the government should consider fiscal and financial policies that promote a constant supply of long-term finance, long-term fixed investments, and extension of a government securities maturity structure so as to ensure sustainable short- and long-term public debt service expenditures. The study further recommends the strengthening of non-distortionary revenue mobilisation reforms to reduce market distortions and boost domestic investment.

Public debts of Arab countries: selected indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Debts

This statistical file is concerned with the issue of public debts in Arab countries. It assumes that public debt is a key source to fund the budget deficit in most Arab countries, and the rising public debt, particularly external debt, is increasingly becoming a concern for several countries in the region due to the pressure debt servicing might impose on these countries, which basically suffer an uncomfortable primary balance, in addition to the impact of crises in the region. Table 1 provides indicators on domestic public debts with ratios of debts to GDP, while Table 2 gives figures of external public debts with debt ratios to GDP. Table 3 provides estimates of total public debts with their ratios to GDP, while Tables 4 and 5 show figures of external public debt service, ratios of debt servicing to exports of goods and services and external public debt service ratios to Arab governments’ revenues respectively.

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment of Ecosystem Service Co-Benefits of Biodiversity Priority Areas in Madagascar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0168575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Neugarten ◽  
Miroslav Honzák ◽  
Pierre Carret ◽  
Kellee Koenig ◽  
Luciano Andriamaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Priority Areas

scholarly journals Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 586 (7831) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo B. N. Strassburg ◽  
Alvaro Iribarrem ◽  
Hawthorne L. Beyer ◽  
Carlos Leandro Cordeiro ◽  
Renato Crouzeilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Global Priority

Long-Run Effects of Debt versus Tax Financing

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-360
Author(s):  
Anibal Cavaco Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Free Distribution ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Tax Reduction

This paper reexamines Modigliani's remits of the long effects of an increment in public debt to finance a tax reduction or arising from a free distribution of government bonds Firstly, the effect of debt service on human and nonhuman wealth is introduced into the analysis. Secondly, it is shown that for the purpose of long-run debt analysis it is not legitimate to treat the cumulated change in saving as an equal change in net worth. This leads to a major correction of Modigliani's results.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT LIABILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Joshua Matanda ◽  
Samuel Mbalu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
Independent Variables

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of external debt liability on economic growth in Kenya. Materials and Methods: The descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was three institutions: The National Treasury, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank. The study used time series data. The designated sample for this study covered a period of 43 years (1977–2019). Secondary data was used in this study. The data collected was on GDP of Kenya between 1977 and 2019, External public debt in terms of US dollars from 1977 to 2019, External private debt from 1977 and 2019 and external debt service payments from 1977 to 2019, all in US dollars. A data collection sheet was used to collect the data on the four variables. World Bank and World Development Indicator economic Meta data and published data by Central Bank of Kenya and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics were the source of data for this study. The study used Eviews version 10 for analyzing and presenting study findings. The study employed multivariate time series and panel data regression analysis. The model employed GDP as a measure of economic growth and external public debt, external private debt, and external debt service payment as its main independent variables. Results:  The study found out that only the external private debt and the debt service payment showed bilateral causal relationship. External public debt and external private debt had a positive and significant effect on the GDP, indicating that external debt promotes economic growth in Kenya. The external debt service payment showed a negative and a significant effect on the GDP as well. The model explained 97% variability of the GDP as explained by the three independent variables combined. The 3% is attributed to other factors, not included in this study. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a more robust multivariate model to be employed to include more macro-economic variables to explain economic growth. A decade-to-decade comparison can also be done to compare the effects of the external debt on Kenyan economic growth in different time intervals. Fiscal and monetary policies should be reviewed to encourage more domestic and foreign investments and discourage external borrowing to fund budget deficits or projects with low or no returns.

scholarly journals Delineating priority areas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 198-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawan Asaad ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Mark V. Erdmann ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Priority Areas

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PUBLIC DEBTS ON PRIVATE-SECTOR INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Osuoha Chionyeka ◽  
◽  
Theresa Udenwa ◽  
Nneka Nwala ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Impact

This study empirically analyzed the effect of Public Debt and Private-Sector Investment in Nigeria (1986-2017). This study employed secondary data in the analysis. The study used the ordinary least square method (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) tools of analysis in the investigation of the impact and relationship among the economic variables. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Error Correction Models show that there is a strong relationship between Private Investment (PIVN)in Nigeria and Public Debt in Nigeria. Public Debt in Nigeria has a negative effect on the economy both in the short run and long run especially the Public Domestic Debt in Nigeria and Public External Debts in Nigeria. This is because the more government borrows from both the domestic and the external the more it crowds out investment especially the domestic debt crowds out private investment through lack of access to funds. The ECM result revealed that Public Debt Service in Nigeria has a positive effect on Private Investment (PIVN)in Nigeria, this is because when the government pays back loans or debts, it increases access to funds by the private investors thereby increasing the level of private investment in the country. Therefore, the study recommends that government should design a mechanism for effective and efficient Public Debt Service Management in Nigeria to increase access to funds by private investors and thereby increasing and enhancing Private Investment (PIVN) in Nigeria.

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