Evaluation of Groundwater in Udi L.G.A. in Enugu State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minaibim E. Abbey ◽  
Dennis E. Onyebueke ◽  
Godspower O. Ashaka ◽  
Chikanso K. Ezeife
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Software Information

Abstract Groundwater has remained indispensable in Enugu state Nigeria owing to industrialization, lack of surface water, and significant depth to aquifer in the area. A geophysical investigation involving vertical electrical soundings was conducted in order to evaluate groundwater potential at some locations in the Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State. With the aid of resistivity instrument ABEM Terrameter, four (4) Vertical Electrical Sounding using Schlumberger configuration were conducted, and the data acquired was interpreted using WINRESIST software. Information obtains from the survey shows that the underlying geological formation in those areas has between 5 – 7 layers. The apparent resistivity obtained in all the layers of the locations ranges from 47.1 – 6956.8 Ωm, while the aquifer was interpreted to exist at a depth between 90 – 120m. Result obtained from this geophysical investigation has shown that the survey area possesses a good groundwater potential which will go a long way in cushioning the effect associated with water scarcity in the area if exploited.

GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION USING DC RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUE AT THE MALE HOSTEL OF ISA KAITA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
Aniefiok Akpaneno ◽  
S. Abdulwahab
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Sas Model

A geophysical investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger array was carried out at the Isa Kaita College of Education specifically at the Male Hostel. The aim of the investigation is to explore the groundwater contamination of the area with the objectives: to determine the depth to basement of the study area, to determine the aquifer thickness, to determine the depth to aquifer, to determine the conductivity of the aquifer and to determine the thickness of topsoil and its variation in resistivity. A total of four (4) vertical electrical soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration. Terrameter signal averaging system (SAS) model 300 was the instrument used. The survey area is dominated by mainly four layers, namely: Topsoil, Weathered basement, fractured basement. The value of VES 03 and VES 04 have high electrical conductivities which likely shows they are contaminated, The topsoil resistivity along the profile ranges from approximately 1 to 154, The depth to basement (basement topography) Varies from 4.94 m to 7.59 m, The thickness of aquifer range from  1 m to 6.8 m.  Therefore VES 02 has high Potential for groundwater because it has retaining capacity and good aquifer thickness and is therefore recommended for borehole establishment. It is recommended that the management of Isa Kaita College of Education should provide a concrete dumping site to avoid leaching of waste in ground thereby contaminating the groundwater.

scholarly journals Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Level Using Vertical Electrical Sounding (A Case Study of Ewu in Edo State Nigeria)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Idiegbe Onoriode Gilbert ◽  
Atumah Oyibo Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Geoelectric Section ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Configuration System ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Geoelectric Layer

Abstract- In this research work, four Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out in Ewu Town at various locations: Eguare-Ewu, Idunwele-Ewu, Flour Mill Road-Ewu and Eko-Ewu using the ABEM terrameter, by employing the Schlumberger electrode configuration system to determine the level of groundwater.  From the analysis of field data and results of computer iteration, a maximum of four geoelectric layers were obtained.  The first layer of geoelectric section was the lateritic top soil with thickness of 1.21m and 11.1m, for VES 1 and VES 2, with apparent resistivity of 438Ωm and 183Ωm.  The possible aquiferous zone for sustaining groundwater are within the second and third layers for VES 1 and the fourth layer for VES 2, at a depth of 2.67m – 47m and infinity respectively.  The apparent resistivity of the aquiferous layers of VES 1 and VES 2 are 797Ωm and 362Ωm respectively, which is fine sand layer.  The apparent resistivity of the aquiferous layers of VES 3 and VES 4 are 5511Ωm and 129Ωm respectively with infinity thickness.  Key words: Geoelectric layer, aquiferous layers, groundwater

scholarly journals ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY SURVEY FOR GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL AND ESTIMATION OF CLAY DEPOSIT IN ARAGBA-OKPE, OKPE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, DELTA STATE NIGERIA

10.23856/3105 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Julius Otutu Oseji ◽  
James Chucks Egbai
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Local Geology ◽  
Dar Zarrouk Parameters

 Electrical resistivity survey employing Vertical Electrical Sounding techniques of Schlumberger arrangement were carried out at seven (7) fairly distributed stations with 154 Vertical Electrical Soundings in Aragba-Okpe. The data obtained from the field were plotted on a log-log graph and interpreted qualitatively by inspection and quantitatively by partial curve matching. The results obtained were improved with the aid of computer iteration using the Winresist Software to delineate the thickness and depth of each layers as well as the resistivity value. These layers were grouped together in to geologic depth intervals known as the Geoelectric sections for interpretations. Using knowledge of both the local geology of Aragba-Okpe and the resistivity of the layers, the Geoelectric sections were interpreted. The study revealed that boreholes for sustainable water supply could be drilled to a depth of 30 m in Aragba-Okpe, However, the fifth layer within Aragba Primary School, Aragba Secondary School and Oviri Aragba Road (VES 1, 5 and 7) are the best locations for sustainable water supply The overburden protective capacities of the aquifer in Aragba-Okpe were evaluated using the Dar-zarrouk parameters. The result also revealed poor aquifer protection ratings of less than 0.1 in all the stations. The groundwater in Aragba-Okpe is therefore not protected and prone to contamination in the event of pollution.

INTERPRETATION OF APPARENT RESISTIVITY DATA FROM APODI VALLEY, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL

Geophysics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Rijo ◽  
W. H. Pelton ◽  
E. C. Feitosa ◽  
S. H. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filter ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Forward Algorithm ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Hydrogeological Study ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

One hundred and twelve Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings were made as part of a hydrogeological study in the Apodi Valley, Brazil. Most of the data have been interpreted using an automatic ridge regression inversion algorithm in conjunction with a fast digital filter forward algorithm. As a result, the inversion costs are very low. The increase in speed and accuracy in the evaluation of the forward problem has also allowed calculation of the Schlumberger apparent resistivity from potential differences, instead of the electric field. Consequently, there is no difficulty in the interpretation of data where very large receiver electrode (MN) spacings have been used or where discontinuities have been introduced by changing the MN spacing on a layered earth containing large resistivity contrasts. The soundings were conducted primarily to map the thicknesses of a known alluvial aquifer and a potential sandstone aquifer. These thicknesses have been determined to within an error of 20 percent as estimated from analysis of the parameter standard deviations and comparison with available drill hole information.

scholarly journals Groundwater prospecting using the dipole-dipole configuration for vertical electrical sounding: prediction of major aquifer depth in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of Northern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
A. N. Mumuni ◽  
J. S. Bayor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Fracture Zones ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Dipole Configuration ◽  
Groundwater Prospecting

A geophysical investigation in groundwater prospecting, using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method in resistivity surveying, was undertaken in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of Northern Ghana. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the VES technique as a low-cost groundwater exploration method. Using the dipole-dipole VES technique, fracture zones that held good prospects for groundwater location were prospectively identified at 15 sites in the Gbullung and Wayamba communities of the district. In addition, retrospective VES data for 6 sites were obtained from previous studies. Geophysical VES data and available drill logs for 3 sites in the prospective study and all 6 sites in the retrospective study (a total of 9 sites) were then evaluated by the VES log-log graph interpretation method to establish a correlation with the groundwater characteristics of the study area. The analyses of the VES curves indicated the presence of anomalous fracture zones occurring within hard sandstone formations that had high groundwater potential. Weathered zones or fresh rock aquifers however did not show potential for groundwater. The dominant formations in the area were found to be thin-bedded sequences of sandstone, mudstone, shale, siltstone and their intercalations. Groundwater was confined to between the depths of 25.0 m and 40.0 m, with major aquifers occurring approximately between the depths of 34.0 m and 45.0 m. These predictions were confirmed by the available drill logs. Using the VES curve interpretation as a means of selecting promising water-bearing sites, 8 out of the 9 sites drilled were successful wells, recording water yields ranging from 14 L/min to 250 L/min, with an average yield of 87.3 L/min. The study thus showed that the dipole-dipole VES technique in groundwater prospecting is effective for the geology of the study area. Keywords: Tolon-Kumbungu; vertical electrical sounding; aquifer; groundwater; apparent resistivity 

scholarly journals Geo-electric assessment for groundwater potential at permanent site of Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State North Western, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
◽  
Suleiman Taofiq ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Groundwater Exploration ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Automatic Interpretation ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings

Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) afford fast and economical measurements used in geophysical exploration. VES was used for groundwater exploration at the permanent site of Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi. Eighteen (18) Vertical Electrical Sounding (Schlumberger array, maximum AB/2 distance 100 m) were performed, data were acquired using ABEM terrameter (SAS 300c), to determine the geoelectric units in the subsurface stratigraphy as well as to delineate groundwater potential in the area via electrical resistivity soundings. Field data collected was analyzed using computer software (IPI2win) which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity in ohm-meter. Data was interpreted in terms of the resistivity and thickness of subsurface layers. Results indicates that three to five (3-5) distinct layers in the study area namely; top soil which is mainly sand, clayey sand/loose sand, sandy clay/fine sand and clay unit were delineated. The result also revealed that water bearing formation exists in the third layer in some identified VES locations i.e VES 3, VES5, VES13 and VES14 with very good aquifers, with thickness and corresponding resistivity values of 40.5, 37.5, 45.8, 60 m and 173, 148, 222 and 432 Ωm respectively. The electrical resistivity data, therefore gives reasonable accurate results that can be used to understand stratigraphy and sedimentary configuration in ground water exploration.

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