Groundwater Exploration in Tirtoadi using the Geoelectric Schlumberger Method

Tirtoadi sub-district is one of the areas mentioned as being on alert for meteorological drought, which is a condition of not experiencing a day without rain (HTH) for more than 60 days. This research aims to provide information on the presence of subsurface water using geoelectric methods. Data acquisition was carried out at 20 points in Tirtoadi. The distribution of points is random but evenly distributed in the research area. The equipment used is Syscal Jr and the measuring range is 600 m AB, and the direction of the stretch is relatively north to south. The field data obtained are deltas V and I. These data are used to calculate R and Rho. The resistivity value obtained is the apparent resistivity. To obtain a subsurface model of the actual resistivity, it is necessary to perform a 1-D inversion. The inversion is carried out using the Progress V3.0 software. The results obtained in this study are variations in the value of subsurface resistivity. Resistivity of water-containing aquifers ranges between 10 ?m – 50 ?m. The depth of groundwater varies between 50 meters to 80 meters. The thickness of the groundwater varies between 5 meters to 22 meters. The recommended drill point is given at T11 with coordinates 49 S 424996 N 9144372 E because at this point it has the shallowest depth and thick enough thickness.

Dual-Frequency Induction Polarization Electric Field Focusing Based on Intelligent Algorithm for Coal Mine Electric Exploration

As the most important and dangerous front-end production link, coal mining operations will inevitably face geological disasters such as water inrush, rock burst, collapse, and fire, posing a great threat to the life and safety of miners. Among the five major geological disasters (gas, dust, water, fire, roof) in coal mines, the threat of flooding is very serious and it is one of the main disasters in coal mines. The research and development of dual-frequency excitation technology and its application in coal mine exploration have realized the elimination of potential safety hazards, improved the work efficiency and safety factor of prospectors, and realized the automated operation of the exploration process. This article explores the electric field of the intelligent algorithm’s focused dual-frequency induced polarization method in coal mine electrical exploration, and summarizes some of the advantages of the intelligent algorithm’s focused dual-frequency induced polarization method in coal mine surveying on related materials, and then conducts related experiment, through the experiment of focusing on the dual-frequency IP method in the coal mine survey, obtained the result, in the abnormal point detection experiment, the change trend of the two curves is the same, the increase is more obvious at 1.3-1.5m, and at 1.5m When reaching the limit value, when it exceeds 1.5m, it starts to fall. It shows that when there is a water-bearing anomalous body directly in front of the tunneling section, the measurement results of the two survey lines are roughly the same. Compared with the no anomaly body, the apparent resistivity and the apparent amplitude frequency both change significantly, and reach the extreme in a certain direction. However, the actual anomalous body is located 1.0m directly in front of the tunneling section, which means that the actual position of the anomaly cannot be determined based on the apparent resistivity and the extreme point position of the apparent amplitude frequency.

The Effects of Some Physical and Chemical Factors on Apparent Resistivity of Surface Soil in the University of Mosul, Mosul City, Northern Iraq

Soil resistivity depends on many overlapping factors, which influence it in various ways. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of some physical and chemical factors on soil apparent resistivity. The results of field, laboratory, and statistical studies revealed a complex relationship between water content, pH, and salinity with soil apparent resistivity. The results showed that water content had a clear effect on apparent resistivity, as it increased significantly when water content value decreased to less than about 5%. The results also showed that increasing the salinity ratio at the expense of water content led to an increase in the apparent resistivity values. The apparent resistivity values also increased significantly when pH values ​​fell below about 7.7. The increase in air temperature caused an increase in water evaporation from the soil, which led to increasing the apparent resistivity. The rise in air temperature also caused an increase in the concentration of salts at the expense of water content; since salts are considered to be insulators, unless they are dissolved in water, they cause an increase in the value of apparent resistivity.

Evaluation of Groundwater in Udi L.G.A. in Enugu State, Nigeria

Groundwater has remained indispensable in Enugu state Nigeria owing to industrialization, lack of surface water, and significant depth to aquifer in the area. A geophysical investigation involving vertical electrical soundings was conducted in order to evaluate groundwater potential at some locations in the Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State. With the aid of resistivity instrument ABEM Terrameter, four (4) Vertical Electrical Sounding using Schlumberger configuration were conducted, and the data acquired was interpreted using WINRESIST software. Information obtains from the survey shows that the underlying geological formation in those areas has between 5 – 7 layers. The apparent resistivity obtained in all the layers of the locations ranges from 47.1 – 6956.8 Ωm, while the aquifer was interpreted to exist at a depth between 90 – 120m. Result obtained from this geophysical investigation has shown that the survey area possesses a good groundwater potential which will go a long way in cushioning the effect associated with water scarcity in the area if exploited.

Identifikasi lapisan akuifer menggunakan metode geolistrik konfigurasi wenner di daerah kering desa Kalitengah kecamatan Panggungrejo kabupaten Blitar

Kalitengah Village, Kecamatan Panggungrejo, Kabupaten Blitar is a lack of ground water place, most of it is karst area. In dry season, villagers had to do hard work to find clean water source. They even have to buy it from another place. it was happened because not all of their well produces adequate amount of clean water. This research purposed to get information about spread and depth of the aquifer layer in Kalitengah Village, KecamatanPanggungrejo, Kabupaten Blitar in order to make new source of clean water. By using value of rock resistivity and subsurface structure information, clean water source can be located. The method of this research is geo-electrical wenner configuration with sounding technique. One point of sounding applied at known well as reference, and 25 points of sounding with 5 m separation as guess mapping the presence of subsurface aquifer. Acquisition have done by locate the current and potential electrodes position. Then, the current was injected until value of apparent resistivity appeared. These processes repeated until the entire area has been mapped.The result showed the subsurface resistivity value of research area. The resistivity of ground water in reference sounding point is 28-32 Ohm-meters and found in 15m below the surface. in sounding point 1-20, there is no presence of ground water aquifer. Interpretation on the result of software ZondRes2D shows resistivity value less than 28-32 Ohm-meters. The resistivity of ground water in reference sounding point is 28-32 Ohm-meters and found in 15m below the surface. Aquifer layer found at point 1 - 25 with dept about 7, 25 - 18,5 m, interpretation on the result of software ZondRes2D. The aquifer became thicker from sounding point 1 to 25 and from 3D section showed the spread of aquifer is tend to south and west.

Research on Airborne Electromagnetic Whole-area Apparent Resistivity Imaging Algorithm in the Detection of Goaf in Rail Transit

Depth apparent resistivity imaging is an important process of data processing and analysis in the aviation transient electromagnetic method. It can provide reference value of conductor depth, vertical extension, and other information, and can accurately provide the measurement of each aviation transient electromagnetic measurement system. The structural section of the apparent conductivity of the one-dimensional layered medium on the line. As an advanced geophysical exploration technology, the aerial transient electromagnetic method has been applied significantly in the exploration of polymetallic minerals abroad in recent years. In this paper, based on the theory of ground-to-air transient electromagnetic method with multiple radiation sources, a corresponding multi-component global apparent resistivity definition method is established. The advantages of using the magnetic field strength to define the global apparent resistivity of the multi-radiation field source ground-air system are analysed. For each component of the magnetic field strength, respective global apparent resistivity algorithms are proposed to realize the multi-component, full-time, and full-space visual resistivity. The resistivity is calculated, and the influence of the offset on the global apparent resistivity is analysed. By adjusting the relative position of the source and the current direction and other parameters, the multi-radiation source transient electromagnetic ground-air system can not only strengthen the signal strength of different components, weaken random interference, but also better distinguish the location of underground anomalies

Control of variations in the stress-strain state based on monitoring the apparent resistivity in the well

The article gives an example of the application of a new approach to the search for short-term earthquake precursors based on the analysis of the data of three-year monitoring of the apparent resistivity in a water-saturated well on board a reservoir near a hydroelectric power station. The analysis also involved data on atmospheric pressure, water level and temperature in the well. The effects were estimated in a linear approximation, neglecting transients. The method of principal components was used for data processing. The results obtained in the time and frequency domains indicate that a new method for controlling localization variations and searching for short-term precursors of earthquakes is promising.

Laboratory-scaled Azimuthal Resistivity Survey for Fracture Detection

We conducted azimuthal resistivity survey (ARS) at laboratory scale to study apparent resistivity patterns due to fracture existing in subsurface through physical modeling using test objects buried in a sandbox as well as in a test location outside laboratory building. This survey was divided into 2 experiments, i.e. experiment A and experiment B. In experiment A the survey is implemented on 2.50 m x 1.5 m x 0.81 m sandbox, made of 10mm thick glass plates. Sandstone was used as medium representing quasi homogenous medium. Clay roof tiles as well as steel plates as test objects were buried in the sandbox with three different deep angles: 90°, 45° and 0°. In experiment B this survey was conducted outside laboratory building on the grass field and implemented on 2.50 m x 2.5 m x 1.0 m soil body. Vertical single glass plate as well as vertical double glass plates at 30 cm distance were buried in the soil body. Azimuthal resistivity measurements at 15° angular step using Wenner and dipole-dipole configuration were carried out in both experiments located at 1 point just above anomalous object for experiment A and at 3 points at 15 cm distance from anomalous object for experiment B. As a compliment to ARS we acquired profiling data from two lines parallel and perpendicular to horizontal axis of anomalous object. Our results show that the apparent resistivity pattern can show the direction of anomalous object for both configurations and experiments with a little deviation.

Study on Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Weak Cemented Roof in Shallow and Extra Thick Coal Seam Mining

Detecting the development height of water flowing fractured zone in the roof of coal seam is of great significance for the roof safety of working face with developed sandstone and thick loose layer. This paper analyzes the influence of the induced polarization effect of electrode on the traditional single-mode parallel electrical method. In order to avoid this interference, the dual-mode parallel electrical method is applied to monitor the roof deformation and failure of a coal mine in Ordos Basin. The monitoring results show that: under the influence of mining, the change of geoelectric field of coal seam roof is dynamic, the apparent resistivity of initial mining fracture is high, the apparent resistivity of surrounding rock water filling mining fracture is low, and the apparent resistivity of fracture water flowing to goaf is high again. According to the characteristics of geoelectric field, the maximum height of water flowing fracture zone is 122 M; The average mining coal thickness of the working face is 11 m, and the fracture / mining thickness ratio is 11.1. The results of plastic zone show that the maximum height of water flowing fractured zone above the working face is 122 m, which is consistent with the test results. The vertical stress response characteristics of roof monitoring points are zonal. Under the influence of mining, the loose layer near the surface above the working face is cracked. The edge type ground fissures exist for a long time, and there are a series of geological problems such as soil erosion, ground subsidence.

Determination of the Spread of Heavy Metal from Ori-Ile Battery Waste Dumpsite Using Electrical Resistivity Method

Contaminants from waste dumpsites have become sources of concern. Disposed wastes (Heavy metal) from battery industries could contaminate soil, agricultural plants, and groundwater. Therefore, this study aimed at the determination of the migration of heavy metal (Lead) from a Battery Waste Dumpsite using the electrical resistivity method. Using Schlumberger array, fifteen (15) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out around a Battery Waste Dumpsite in Ori –Ile, Ikumapaiyi at Olodo community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Preliminary analyses of VES data were performed and were fed into software (WINRESIST 1.0) for qualitative interpretation to reveal apparent resistivity values, the number of layers, and thickness. Three and four layers of topsoil, sandy-clayed, weathered/fractured basement, and basement were obtained. Various values of lowest apparent resistivity and depths of penetration of leached lead on the four sides of the battery waste dumpsite were obtained. The lowest apparent resistivity values obtained were converted to apparent conductivity and plotted against the distance of each VES point. Five collected water samples from available hand-dug wells around the dumpsite were analyzed for the presence of lead using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Graph of apparent conductivity against VES distance indicated a decrease in conductivities with distance, an indication of reduction of Concentration of lead with distance. The level of Lead ranged from 0.081 to 0.770 mg/L which was above the tolerance level of 0.01 mg/L of WHO and SON, an indication of heavy metal pollution in groundwater. This study has established that lead ions were present in groundwater and had spread to a distance of 80 m from the battery waste dumpsite and were more pronounced on the southern region of the dumpsite.