Inflammatory Cytokines Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise and the Effects of Duration and Intensity of the Isometric Effort in Prehypertensive Subjects

Abstract BACKGROUND Chronic low grade systemic inflammation has been identified as a major risk factor for chronic diseases. The potential for physical exercise to induce anti-inflammatory effect is now increasingly being explored but there is paucity of data regarding the effects isometric exercise on inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of selected inflammatory cytokines to isometric handgrip exercise and identify possible effects of intensity and duration of the isometric effort on these variables. CASE PRESENTATION: A total of one hundred and ninety two (N=192) sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30-50years were recruited into the study and randomly distributed into three groups of 64 subjects each. The subjects performed a 24 consecutive day’s isometric hand grip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction. At the end of the 24 days, the group one (GP1) discontinued with the exercise protocol while the group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and the group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50%MVC. The parameters used to assess for the inflammatory cytokine variables included interleukin 10, interleukin 6 and tumor necrotic factor. At the end of the study, there was an increase in the resting values of interleukin 10 across the three groups while the resting values of interleukin 6 and tumor necrotic factor reduced significantly across groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reductions noted in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines could have a positive impact in the management of chronic diseases. It was also found that increase in intensity and/or duration produced more proportionate effect.

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CML derived exosomes promote tumor favorable functional performance in T cells

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08734-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nazli Jafarzadeh ◽

Mohammad Ali Gholampour ◽

Mohammad-Reza Alivand ◽

Saeideh Kavousi ◽

Laleh Arzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

T Cells ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

No Production ◽

Intracellular Ros ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Leukemic cells facilitate the creation of the tumor-favorable microenvironment in the bone marrow niche using their secreted factors. There are not comprehensive details about immunosuppressive properties of chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived exosomes in the bone marrow stromal and immune compartment. We explained here that K562-derived exosomes could affect the gene expression, cytokine secretion, nitric oxide (NO) production, and redox potential of human primary cord blood-derived T cells (CB T cells). Methods Human primary cord blood-derived T cells were treated with K562-derived exosomes. We evaluated the expression variation of some critical genes activated in suppressor T cells. The alterations of some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed using ELISA assay and real-time PCR. Finally, NO production and intracellular ROS level in CB T cells were evaluated using Greiss assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Our results showed the over-expression of the genes involved in inhibitory T cells, including NQO1, PD1, and FoxP3. In contrast, genes involved in T cell activation such as CD3d and NFATc3 have been reduced significantly. Also, the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in these cells upon exosome treatment. In addition, secretion of the interleukin 10, interleukin 6, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) proteins increased in T cells exposed to K562-derived exosomes. Finally, K562-derived exosomes induce significant changes in the NO production and intracellular ROS levels in CB T cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that K562-derived exosomes stimulate the immunosuppressive properties in CB-derived T cells by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, reducting ROS levels, and arising of NO synthesis in these cells. Moreover, considering the elevation of FOXP3, IL-6, and IL-17 levels in these cells, exosomes secreted by CML cells may induce the fates of T cells toward tumor favorable T cells instead of conventional activated T cells.

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Immune complex-induced interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and prostaglandin secretion by human monocytes: a network of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines dependent on the antigen: antibody ratio

European Journal of Immunology ◽

10.1002/eji.1830260618 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1297-1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Stefan Berger ◽

Hilmar Balló ◽

Hans Jochen Stutte

Keyword(s):

Immune Complex ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Human Monocytes ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Antigen Antibody ◽

Antibody Ratio

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Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity

Pathophysiology ◽

10.3390/pathophysiology28030022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 328-338

Author(s):

Ogbutor Udoji Godsday ◽

Nwangwa Eze Kingsley ◽

Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka ◽

Chukwuemeka Ephraim ◽

Ezunu Emmanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

Handgrip Exercise ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Isometric Handgrip Exercise ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (p = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (p = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (p = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (p = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (p = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (p = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.

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Association of changes of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index after isometric handgrip exercise with coronary lesion extent and revascularization

Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1186/s40885-021-00163-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seong Taeg Kim ◽

Yeekyoung Ko ◽

Jong-Wook Beom ◽

Ki Yung Boo ◽

Jae-Geun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Iliac Artery ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Coronary Revascularization ◽

External Iliac Artery ◽

Handgrip Exercise ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Abstract Background Arterial stiffness is associated with myocardial ischemia and incident coronary artery disease (CAD), and indexes of arterial stiffness are usually increased in patients with CAD. However, these indexes are often increased in elderly without CAD. Arterial stiffness in patients with CAD may become more evident after isometric handgrip exercise which increases systolic pressure and ventricular afterload. We investigated the association of the change of stiffness indexes after isometric handgrip exercise with the lesion extent of CAD and the necessity for coronary revascularization. Methods Patients who were scheduled a routine coronary angiography via a femoral artery were enrolled. Arterial waveforms were traced at aortic root and external iliac artery using coronary catheters at baseline and 3 min after handgrip exercise. Augmentation index (AIx) was measured on the recorded aortic pressure waveform, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was calculated using the ECG-gated time difference of the upstroke of arterial waveforms and distance between aortic root and external iliac artery. Results Total 37 patients were evaluated. Both PWV and AIx increased after handgrip exercise. ΔPWV was significantly correlated with ΔAIx (r = 0.344, P = 0.037). Patients were divided into higher and lower ΔPWV or ΔAIx groups based on the median values of 0.4 m/sec and 3.3%, respectively. Patients with higher PWV had more 2- or 3-vessel CAD (69% vs. 27%, P = 0.034), and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) more frequently (84% vs. 50%, P = 0.038), but higher ΔAIx was not associated with either the lesion extent or PCI. Area under curve (AUC) of ΔPWV in association with PCI by C-statistics was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.88; P = 0.056). In multiple logistic regression analysis, ΔPWV was significantly associated with PCI (odds ratio 7.78; 95% CI 1.26–48.02; P = 0.027). Conclusions Higher ΔPWV after isometric handgrip exercise was associated with the lesion extent of CAD and the necessity for coronary revascularization, but higher ΔAIx was not.

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Developmental Changes in Hemodynamic Responses and Cardiovagal Modulation during Isometric Handgrip Exercise

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2010/153780 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Styliani Goulopoulou ◽

Bo Fernhall ◽

Jill A. Kanaley

Keyword(s):

Mean Arterial Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Isometric Contraction ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Reflex Response ◽

Group Differences ◽

Handgrip Exercise ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

Isometric Handgrip Exercise ◽

Pressor Reflex

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in pressor response and cardiovagal modulation during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) between children and adults. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured in 23 prepubertal children and 23 adults at baseline and during IHG. Cardiovagal modulation was quantified by analysis of HR variability. Mean arterial pressure responses to IHG were greater in adults compared to children (P<.05) whereas there were no group differences in HR responses (P>.05). Children had a greater reduction in cardiovagal modulation in response to IHG compared to adults (P<.05). Changes in mean arterial pressure during IHG were correlated with baseline cardiovagal modulation and force produced during isometric contraction (P<.05). In conclusion, differences in pressor reflex response between children and adults cannot be solely explained by differences in autonomic modulation and appear to be associated with factors contributing to the force produced during isometric contraction.

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Regulation of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 during Pregnancy

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2014.00253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Piyali Chatterjee ◽

Valorie L. Chiasson ◽

Kelsey R. Bounds ◽

Brett M. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on intraocular pressure among healthy adult males

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep200048 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

S. Ezhilnila ◽

S. Brinda ◽

A. Meena ◽

P.J. Samuel

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽

South Indian Population ◽

Adult Males ◽

Handgrip Exercise ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

South Indian ◽

Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Glaucoma is the main cause for irreversible blindness in India. The main determinant of glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure (IOP) which is influenced by many factors. One of the main factors is physical exercise. Objective of this study is to exhibit the effect of isometric handgrip exercise using Smedley’s handgrip dynamometer on IOP among young adult males in the south Indian population. In this quasi experimental study, 150 young healthy adult male subjects with ages between 15 to 40 years were selected on the basis of fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria with the help of a questionnaire. Baseline IOP and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the subjects were measured using non-contact tonometer and Smedley’s Handgrip Dynamometer, respectively. The subjects were instructed to hold the handgrip dynamometer with 20% of MVC in sustained manner for minimum 2 min or until fatigue sets in. IOP were measured on both eyes immediately and 15 min following exercise and IOP variation was analysed using paired t-test. A small but significant decrease in IOP was noted immediately as well as 15 min following exercise. Average fall in right eye was 1.75 mm Hg immediately and 2.14 mm Hg 15 min following exercise (P<0.01). The average fall in the left eye was 1.62 mm Hg immediately and 1.91 mm Hg after 15 min (P<0.01). Isometric handgrip exercise of the single upper limb showed significant reduction of IOP on both eyes following exercise and the decrease was much higher 15 min after exercise. This result can be extrapolated and clinically applied for glaucoma prevention and supplemented as lifestyle modification during glaucoma treatment.

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