scholarly journals Determination of Poultry Manure and Plant Residues Effects on Zn Bioavailable Fraction in Contaminated Soil Via DGT Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mohseni ◽  
Saber Heidari ◽  
Solmaz Bidast ◽  
Bijan Raei ◽  
Seyed Adel Moftakharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Chemical Assay ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Bioavailability ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Soil Metal

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was aimed at assessing the effects of poultry manure, sorghum, and clover residues (0 and 15 g kg-1) on the zinc (Zn) bioavailable fraction in contaminated calcareous soil using two chemical assay, diffusion gradient in thin films (DGT) and DTPA-TEA, and a bioassay with corn (Zea mase L.). The results showed that poultry manure, clover, and sorghum residues application increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 53.6 and 36.1, and 9.2%, respectively, with respect to unamended soils, as well as decreasing soil pH by 0.42, 0.26, and 0.06 units, respectively. These changes did result in increases of Zn effective concentration (CE) and DTPA-Zn, and plant Zn concentration as a result of the increased exchangeable form of Zn. In the sorghum residues-amended soils, a reverse trend was observed for CE-Zn compared to the DTPA method. Correlation analyses revealed that unlike CE-Zn, DTPA-Zn had a positive correlation significantly with organic fractions that can be considered as an equivalent to the fact that the DTPA method had been overestimated Zn available to plants. The best correlations between corn metal concentrations and soil metal bioavailability were for CE-Zn using DGT technique, which also provided the best Zn bioavailability estimate. It is concluded that sorghum residues could be used to reduce the phytotoxicity risk of Zn in calcareous contaminated soil, and DTPA method is the less robust indicator of Zn bioavailability than DGT technique.

scholarly journals Determination of poultry manure and plant residues effects on Zn bioavailable fraction in contaminated soil via DGT technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mohseni ◽  
Saber Heidari ◽  
Bijan Raei ◽  
Seyed Adel Moftakharzadeh ◽  
Solmaz Bidast
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Chemical Assay ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid ◽  
Zn Bioavailability ◽  
Organic Fractions

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was aimed at assessing the effects of poultry manure, sorghum, and clover residues (0 and 15 g kg− 1) on the zinc (Zn) bioavailable fraction in contaminated calcareous soil using two chemical assay, including diffusion gradient in thin films (DGT) and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA), and a bioassay with corn (Zea mase L.). The results showed that poultry manure, clover, and sorghum residues application increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 53.6 and 36.1, and 9.2%, respectively, with respect to unamended soils, as well as decreasing soil pH by 0.42, 0.26, and 0.06 units, respectively. These changes did result in increases of Zn effective concentration (CE) and DTPA-Zn, and plant Zn concentration as a result of the increased exchangeable form of Zn. In the sorghum residues-amended soils, a reverse trend was observed for CE-Zn compared to the DTPA method. Correlation analyses revealed that unlike CE-Zn, DTPA-Zn had a significant positive correlation with organic fractions that can be considered as an equivalent to the fact that the DTPA method had been overestimated Zn available to the plant. The best correlations between corn metal concentrations and soil metal bioavailability were obtained for CE-Zn using DGT technique, which also provided the best Zn bioavailability estimate. It is concluded that sorghum residues could be used to reduce the phytotoxicity risk of Zn in calcareous contaminated soil, and DTPA method is the less robust indicator of Zn bioavailability than DGT technique.

COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR THE CHEMICAL ASSAY OF CORTICOIDS IN URINE

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Mogens Sprechler
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Florisil Column ◽  
Chemical Assay ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Acid Reagent

SUMMARY Since 1949 about 10,000 urinary corticoid analyses have been performed routinely in our laboratory. The method used for this purpose was described in 1950 (Sprechler). We determine the corticoids which can be extracted from the urine with chloroform immediately after acidification to pH 1. The extract is washed with sodium hydroxide and water, a Girard separation is performed, and finally the reducing power of the ketonic fraction is measured by means of the phosphomolybdic acid reagent reaction. During the last few years two other chemical reactions have been used for comparison: The formaldehyde and the Porter-Silber method. After a thorough examination of the above methods a standard technique was followed. In the formaldehyde method a microdiffusion in a Conway unit was used instead of distillation of the formaldehyde following the oxidation with periodic acid. The calibration curve was corrected for loss of material by taking the standard doses of DOC through all the procedures of the method. A micromodification of the Porter-Silber method was chosen. Furthermore attempts were made to determine how specific the chromatographic procedure is in the determination of steroids in urinary extracts. For this purpose the Florisil column was used, and the technique described by Nelson & Samuels was followed. Finally we have investigated the glucuronide-bound corticoids in urine in a smaller series of objects.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Form of Antimony in Contaminated Soil around a Smelter Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki TAKAOKA ◽  
Satoshi FUKUTANI ◽  
Takashi YAMAMOTO ◽  
Masato HORIUCHI ◽  
Naoya SATTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Study on the Influence of the Lime and Peanut Dry Cake Amend Pb Contaminated Soil with Pakchoi

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1755-1759
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jin Xia Nie
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Underground Part ◽  
Lead Absorption ◽  
Experimental Soil

In order to study the soil amend agent how to suppress the function of the vegetables absorb Pb, the Pb was added in the experimental soil in pakchoi pot, The lime and peanut dry cake were added to the experimental soil as modifier, and the varying concentrate of modifiers, lead effect on pakchoi biomass and lead accumulate were discussed in this paper. Through the determination of Pb content of aboveground and underground part of pakchoi by ICP, the lime and peanut dry cake can resist lead absorption were proved, and the lime achieved better inhibitory effect of the two. By analyzed the BCF of two parts of pakchoi, two types of modifiers had proved can reduce the pakchoi BCF of Pb in the soil. The lime was more efficient than the peanut dry cake on reducing BCF of Pb.

Mobility of Zinc in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil after Compost Amendment and Brassica juncea Harvest

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li Huang ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Jia Chao Zhang ◽  
Pu Feng Qin ◽  
Man Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxides

Pot experiments were performed to investigate the effect of compost amendment on the mobility of zinc through analysis of Zn fractions in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the total Zn concentration decreased 8.11%, 10.15%, 16.15%, 20.05%, 7.28% and 5.02% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil and Brassica juncea harvest, respectively. Zn was mostly concentrated in the residual fraction and Fe-Mn oxides fraction in soil. The percentage of Zn in water-soluble fraction, organic fraction and residual fraction had no correlation with the amount of compost amendment. The percentage of Zn in the exchangeable fraction decreased and the percentage of Zn in Fe-Mn oxides fractions increased obviously. Furthermore, the mobility factor of Zn decreased significantly from 19.20% without compost amendment to 19.09%, 18.70%, 18.15%, 16.45% and 16.12% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil, the compost amendment could lowered the mobility and phytotoxicity of zinc through bound to Fe-Mn oxides.

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