Use of Space by Black-and-Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in an Urban Environment in Paraguay.

Abstract As urbanisation continues to reduce the available habitat for wildlife some species, such as the black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) in Pilar, southwest Paraguay, are making their homes in anthropogenic environments. Understanding an animal's home range is an important first step to understanding its ecological needs, an essential requirement for robust conservation plans. In this study we determined the home ranges and core areas of five groups of urban dwelling A. caraya using Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) Analysis. We used a Spearman’s Correlation to explore the relationship between home range size and group size. All five groups had home ranges of less than 10 ha and used core areas of less than 1ha. Group size had no significant relationship to home range size. We provide the first estimates of home range for A. caraya in an urban environment in Paraguay. Though the home ranges of the urban A. caraya in Pilar, Paraguay fall at the smaller end of the spectrum of range sizes in Alouatta they are not abnormal for a species in this genus.

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Variation in the home-range size of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis)

Australian Mammalogy ◽

10.1071/am10006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ross L. Goldingay ◽

David J. Sharpe ◽

Matt D. J. Dobson

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Habitat Quality ◽

New South ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon ◽

South Wales ◽

Squirrel Glider ◽

Range Estimate

The home-range area of animals may vary geographically and in response to habitat quality. We investigated the size of squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) home ranges near Brisbane, Queensland, and at Tea Gardens on the central coast of New South Wales. Habitat at both sites had been partially cleared and had been subjected to grazing for several decades. Twelve gliders were tracked over an average of 3.5 months in Brisbane. The fixed kernel (FK95%) home-range estimate averaged 4.6 ± 0.7 (s.e.) ha while the minimum convex polygon (MCP100%) averaged 6.7 ± 1.5 ha. Six gliders were tracked over 1 month at Tea Gardens. The FK95% home-range estimate averaged 14.8 ± 2.4 ha while the MCP100% averaged 13.3 ± 3.1 ha. The Tea Gardens values are derived from relatively short periods and are likely to underestimate the areas used. This study demonstrates that home-range size can vary substantially in the squirrel glider. This has implications for understanding how this species responds to variation in habitat quality and highlights the need for site-specific studies to inform aspects of management.

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Movements and Home Ranges of Feral Pigs (Sus Scrofa) in Kosciusko National Park, New South Wales.

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9960711 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 711 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G Saunders ◽

B Kay

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

National Park ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon ◽

Feral Pigs ◽

South Wales

The movements of a subalpine population of feral pigs were examined at Kosciusko National Park in southeastern New South Wales. Sufficient data were collected to estimate the home-range area of 20 pigs on the basis of 782 telemetry and trap locations. Mean (+/- s.d.) home-range size (minimum convex polygon method) for males (35.0 t 22.2 km*2) was significantly greater than that for females (1 1.1 +/- 5.2 km*2). Use of capture-recapture distances to estimate home-range size was considered inappropriate. A test for nomadism suggests that, although home ranges of pigs in this environment were larger than those reported for other pigs in Australia, the pigs were essentially sedentary. Management implications for this population are discussed.

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Space use and territoriality in swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in northeastern Colorado

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z2012-003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amariah A. Lebsock ◽

Christopher L. Burdett ◽

Safi K. Darden ◽

Torben Dabelsteen ◽

Michael F. Antolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Spatial Ecology ◽

Space Use ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Spatial Overlap ◽

Vulpes Velox ◽

Shortgrass Prairie ◽

Core Areas

Space use is a fundamental characteristic that informs our knowledge of social relationships and the degree to which individuals are territorial. Until recently, relatively little was known about the spatial ecology and social organization of swift foxes ( Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)). We investigated space use of swift foxes on shortgrass prairie in northeastern Colorado. Our first objective was to evaluate sizes of seasonal and annual home ranges and core areas of 13 radio-collared swift foxes monitored continuously for 2 years. Our second objective was to compare home-range and core-area overlap of breeding pairs to that of neighboring foxes, including male–male, female–female, and nonbreeding female–male dyads. Home-range size in our study population was among the smallest previously reported for swift foxes. Males tended to have slightly larger home ranges and core areas than females, and home-range size was significantly larger in the breeding season than in both the pup-rearing and the dispersal seasons; sizes of core areas did not differ seasonally. Spatial overlap between breeding pairs was substantial, whereas spatial overlap between neighbors, particularly males, was low, suggesting territoriality.

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Home range and den characteristics of the brush-tailed rabbit-rat (Conilurus penicillatus) in the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory, Australia

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr05057 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 397 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ronald S. C. Firth ◽

John C. Z. Woinarski ◽

Richard A. Noske

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Radio Telemetry ◽

Fire Regimes ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon ◽

Dry Seasons

Radio-telemetry was used to investigate the home range and den characteristics of the brush-tailed rabbit-rat (Conilurus penicillatus) from three sites in the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory, Australia. Radio-tracking was conducted in a series of discontinuous 4–17-day sessions, over a 2-year period. The home ranges of 61 C. penicillatus were estimated using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) and fixed kernel (K95% and K50%) methods. There were no significant differences in home-range size among the three sites or between wet and dry seasons, which suggests that vegetation structure, floristics and season play relatively little role in movements of C. penicillatus. The mean home-range size was 0.79 ± 0.09 ha (MCP estimate) to 0.97 ± 0.12 ha (K95% estimate). The home ranges of males were larger than those of females (mean MCP estimates of 1.07 ± 0.15 and 0.45 ± 0.06 ha respectively). C. penicillatus denned primarily in fallen logs and in hollows of eucalypts and bloodwoods (Corymbia spp.). Rough-barked trees appeared to be preferred. The diameter at breast height (DBH) of den trees varied significantly between the three sites, being greatest at site C1 (34.5 ± 2.4 cm) and least at site C2 (26.1 ± 1.0 cm). Den trees had larger DBH than randomly selected trees at each site. The diameter at the mid-point (DMP) of both den and randomly selected logs were not significantly different between sites. Many individuals used more than one den site per tracking session. The small home ranges of C. penicillatus and its reliance on hollows in trees and logs suggest that this species is very vulnerable to local extinction following long-term annual and destructive fire regimes and land clearing, even in comparatively small patches.

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Home ranges of sympatric red-necked wallabies, red-bellied pademelons and common brushtail possums in a temperate eucalypt forestry environment.

Australian Mammalogy ◽

10.1071/am03183 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mar K le ◽

C McArthur ◽

M Statham

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Convex Polygon ◽

Sexual Difference ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon ◽

North West ◽

Fixed Kernel ◽

Core Areas

We investigated home ranges of sympatric red-necked (or Bennett?s) wallabies Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus, red-bellied pademelons Thylogale billardierii and common brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula fuliginosus within a forestry environment in north-west Tasmania. Six indiviuals of each species were radio-tracked between 7 and 11 months. Nocturnal and diurnal data were used to estimate Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) home range, 95% fixed-Kernel (KE) home range and 50% KE core area. Home ranges (mean � s.e.) were as follows: M. r. rufogriseus MCP = 61 � 12 ha, KE = 41 � 3 ha; T. billardierii MCP = 22 � 5 ha, KE = 16 � 3 ha; and Tr. v. fuliginosus MCP = 39 � 8 ha, KE = 17 � 3 ha. M. r. rufogriseus had larger MCP home ranges than T. billardierii (P < 0.05), and larger KE home ranges and core areas than both T. billardierii and Tr. v. fuliginosus (P < 0.05), which reflected their larger body mass. Inter-sexual comparisons within the sexually dimorphic macropods showed that M. r. rufogriseus males had significantly larger MCP and KE home ranges and core areas than females (P < 0.05), and T. billardierii males tended to have a larger KE home ranges than females (P = 0.08). No inter-sexual difference in home range size was detected for Tr. v. fuliginosus.

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Home range of the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9930571 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 571 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S Troy ◽

G Coulson

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Convex Polygons ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon ◽

Eucalypt Forest ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wallabia Bicolor ◽

Swamp Wallaby

Home range in the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor (Marsupialia : Macropodoidea) was examined using radio-tracking in a 150-ha remnant of mixed eucalypt forest at Healesville, Victoria. Three methods were used to calculate home-range size: minimum convex polygons, fourier transform MAP(O.95) and MAP(0.50) estimation, and harmonic mean 50% isopleths and 95% isopleths. The minimum convex polygon method produced the largest estimate of home-range area (16.01 +/-.45 ha). Each method required a different number of fixes before home-range area estimates reached an asymptote. These data showed that W. bicolor have small, overlapping home ranges and that the shape of the home range varied between individuals. Home-range area was larger than previously reported for this species, and there was no significant difference between the sexes in home-range size.

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Home Ranges and Spatial Organization of Fishers, Martes pennanti, in Central British Columbia

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v123i2.690 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Richard D. Weir ◽

Alton S. Harestad ◽

Fraser B. Corbould

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Home Range ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Martes Pennanti ◽

Utilization Distribution ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon

We described the size and spatial arrangement of aggregate and seasonal home ranges for 17 radio-tagged resident Fishers (Martes pennanti) that were >1.5 years old in two areas of central British Columbia during 1990-1993 and 1996-2000. We estimated home range size for each Fisher from the 95% isopleth of the utilization distribution generated using a fixed kernel model with smoothing selected by least-squares cross-validation (95% FK). For comparison to previous studies, we also calculated the minimum convex polygon estimate of home range size (MCP) for each animal. The aggregate home ranges (95% FK) of female Fishers (mean = 37.9 km², SD = 18.5, range = 10.5 – 81.2, n = 11) were significantly smaller than those of males (mean = 161.3 km², SD = 100.0, range = 46.0 – 225.2, n = 3; P = 0.019). We observed minor overlap among 95% FK home ranges of Fishers of the same sex, but considerable overlap among home ranges of males and females. Home ranges (95% FK or MCP) that we observed in central British Columbia were larger than those reported elsewhere in North America, particularly for males. We suggest that the distribution of resources for Fishers may occur at lower gross densitiesin central British Columbia than in other portions of the Fisher’s range and that suitable habitat in which Fishers can establish home ranges is not found uniformly across the landscape.

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Patch use by the greater glider (Petauroides volans) in a fragmented forest ecosystem. I. Home range size and movements

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr02110 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 559 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. L. Pope ◽

D. B. Lindenmayer ◽

R. B. Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Home Range ◽

Patch Size ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Home Range Overlap ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Core Areas ◽

Range Overlap

This paper examines home-range attributes of 40 greater gliders (Petauroides volans) in five patches of remnant eucalypt forest surrounded by stands of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) near Tumut in south-eastern Australia. Fixed-kernel smoothing methods were used to estimate home-range size for P. volans. For males, home-range size varied from 1.38–4.10 ha (mean = 2.6 ± 0.8 ha, n = 12) and was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than for females (1.26–2.97 ha, mean = 2.0 ± 0.6 ha, n = 11). Home-range size increased significantly with increasing patch size and reduced patch population density. Thus, small patches had more animals per unit area with smaller home ranges and greater home-range overlap. Our findings illustrate flexibility in the use of space by P. volans. Such results have not previously been reported for P. volans or any other species of arboreal marsupial. Considerable home-range overlap (at 95th percentile isopleth level) was observed between male and female P. volans. Pairs of females also exhibited home-range overlap. Males tended to maintain home ranges exclusive of other males, although some shared common areas. Contrary to the large variations observed in home-range area, core areas (50th isopleth) remained relatively constant, regardless of patch size, population density or sex. This may indicate that core areas are an essential requirement for individuals and resources they contain cannot be shared with congeners.

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Socio-spatial organization and spatial ecology

10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

M.G.L. Mills ◽

M.E.J. Mills

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Spatial Ecology ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Scent Marking ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Dispersal Distance ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Large Home Range ◽

Core Areas

Home ranges of males (1204 km2) and females (1510 km2) were similar. Female home range size was positively related to the dispersion of prey and generally, but not exclusively, they displayed home range fidelity. Overlap between female home ranges was extensive, although they rarely met up. Male home ranges overlapped extensively and there was no difference in size between coalition and single males. Males overcame the problem of scent marking a large home range by concentrating scent marks in core areas. Generally female cheetah home range size is affected by resource productivity, although where prey are migratory, or in fenced reserves where movements are constricted, and areas where disturbance is severe, this may be different. Southern Kalahari males apparently need large home ranges to increase the likelihood of locating wide-ranging and sporadically receptive females. Mean dispersal distance for subadult males (96 km) was further than for females (39 km).

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Movement patterns and home ranges of male and female Snowy Owls (Bubo scandiacus) wintering on the Canadian prairies

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2017-0280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 545-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander M. Chang ◽

Karen L. Wiebe

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Body Condition ◽

Movement Patterns ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Minimum Convex Polygon ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Nonbreeding Season ◽

Bubo Scandiacus

Meeting energy requirements during the nonbreeding season is important for many animals and some defend winter territories to secure a food supply. In birds of prey, females, the larger and competitively dominant sex, may monopolize areas with higher prey abundance than males. We thus predicted that female Snowy Owls (Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus, 1758)), which might acquire the high-quality habitats and individuals in better body condition, would be able to persist on smaller home ranges, travel shorter distances, and spend proportionally more time on a home range than males, during the winter. On the prairies in central Saskatchewan, we deployed satellite transmitters on 11 male and 12 female Snowy Owls over two winters. There were no significant differences between the sexes in home-range size or the amount of travelling during the winter months. Mean first home range (95% minimum convex polygon) size was 54.4 km2 for males, 31.9 km2 (estimated marginal means) for females, and 53.8 km2 for the sexes combined. However, within sexes, home-range size was negatively correlated with body condition as predicted. A lack of defense of home-range perimeters against conspecifics could increase variation in home-range size and movement patterns and reduce differences between the sexes.

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