Maternal Region of Origin and Small for Gestational Age: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Victorian Perinatal Data.

Abstract BackgroundBeing born small for gestational age is a strong predictor of the short- and long-term health of the neonate, child, and adult. Variation in the rates of small for gestational age have been identified across population groups in high income countries, including Australia. Understanding the factors contributing to these population group differences may assist clinicians to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with being born small. Victoria, in addition to New South Wales, accounts for the largest proportion of net overseas migration and births in Australia. The aim of this research was to analyse how migration was associated with small for gestational age in Victoria.Methods This was a cross sectional population health study of singleton births in Victoria from 2009 to 2018 (n = 708,475). The prevalence of being born small for gestational age (SGA; < 10th centile) was determined for maternal country of origin groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between maternal region of origin and SGA.Results Maternal region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA in Victoria (p < .001), with a prevalence of SGA for migrant women of 11.3% (n = 27,815) and 7.3% for Australian born women (n = 33,749). Women from South East Asia, South Central Asia, or Sub Saharan Africa, OR 1.75 (95%CI: 1.70 to 1.8), women from North and North East Africa, Middle East, OR 1.40 (95%CI: 1.35 to 1.45) and migrant women from the Americas, Europe, and Oceania, OR1.06 (95%CI: 1.02 to 1.12) more likely to birth an SGA child in comparison to women born in Australia.Conclusions Victorian woman’s region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA. Variation in the rates of SGA between maternal regions of origin indicates additional factors such as, a woman’s pre migration exposures, the context of the migration journey, settlement conditions and the social environment post migration impact the potential for SGA. These findings highlight the importance of intergenerational improvements to the wellbeing of migrant women and their children. Further research is required to identify modifiable elements that contribute to birthweight differences across population groups.

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Maternal region of origin and Small for gestational age: a cross-sectional analysis of Victorian perinatal data

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03864-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Grundy ◽

Patricia Lee ◽

Kirsten Small ◽

Faruk Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Region Of Origin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Groups

Abstract Background Being born small for gestational age is a strong predictor of the short- and long-term health of the neonate, child, and adult. Variation in the rates of small for gestational age have been identified across population groups in high income countries, including Australia. Understanding the factors contributing to this variation may assist clinicians to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with being born small. Victoria, in addition to New South Wales, accounts for the largest proportion of net overseas migration and births in Australia. The aim of this research was to analyse how migration was associated with small for gestational age in Victoria. Methods This was a cross sectional population health study of singleton births in Victoria from 2009 to 2018 (n = 708,475). The prevalence of being born small for gestational age (SGA; <10th centile) was determined for maternal region of origin groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between maternal region of origin and SGA. Results Maternal region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA in Victoria (p < .001), with a prevalence of SGA for migrant women of 11.3% (n = 27,815) and 7.3% for Australian born women (n = 33,749). Women from the Americas (aOR1.24, 95%CI:1.14 to 1.36), North Africa, North East Africa, and the Middle East (aOR1.57, 95%CI:1.52 to 1.63); Southern Central Asia (aOR2.58, 95%CI:2.50 to 2.66); South East Asia (aOR2.02, 95%CI: 1.95 to 2.01); and sub-Saharan Africa (aOR1.80, 95%CI:1.69 to 1.92) were more likely to birth an SGA child in comparison to women born in Australia. Conclusions Victorian woman’s region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA. Variation in the rates of SGA between maternal regions of origin suggests additional factors such as a woman’s pre-migration exposures, the context of the migration journey, settlement conditions and social environment post migration might impact the potential for SGA. These findings highlight the importance of intergenerational improvements to the wellbeing of migrant women and their children. Further research to identify modifiable elements that contribute to birthweight differences across population groups would help enable appropriate healthcare responses aimed at reducing the rate of being SGA.

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The M2 haplotype in the ANXA5 gene is an independent risk factor for idiopathic small-for-gestational age newborns

MHR Basic science of reproductive medicine ◽

10.1093/molehr/gas023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 510-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. Tiscia ◽

D. Colaizzo ◽

G. Favuzzi ◽

P. Vergura ◽

P. Martinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Independent Risk Factor

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357: Isolated abdominal circumference <5% is an independent risk factor for small for gestational age infants

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.522 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 208 (1) ◽

pp. S158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Turitz ◽

Hayley Quant ◽

Nadav Schwartz ◽

Michal Elovitz ◽

Jamie Bastek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Abdominal Circumference

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Small for Gestational Age is an Independent Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Impairment

Iranian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.5812/ijp.84628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Hubert ◽

Maja Gilarska ◽

Małgorzata Klimek ◽

Magdalena Nitecka ◽

Grażyna Dutkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Visual Perception ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Vocabulary Test ◽

Conflicting Objectives ◽

The Impact

Background: There is a deficit of publications regarding the impact of small for gestational age (SGA) on later neurodevelopment of premature infants and existing results are conflicting. Objectives: The aim of the present study was multifaceted neurodevelopmental assessment of children born prematurely, with particular assessment of SGA as an independent risk factor for impairment in prematurely born children. Methods: Eighty-nine children born with very low birth weight were evaluated at the age of 50 months. Anthropometric measurements and several psychomotor tests (WeeFIM-Functional Independence Measure scale, Leiter Test-Non-Verbal Psychometric Evaluation, DTVP-2-Developmental test of Visual Perception, CAST-Childhood Autism Spectrum test, EAS-C-temperament questionnaire and TSD-children vocabulary test) were performed in each child. Results: SGA appears to be a risk factor for low self-reliance (mean WeeFIM score 89 ± 20 points vs 99 ± 15; P = 0.034), decreased non-verbal intelligence (Leiter score 87 ± 18 points vs 100 ± 18 points; P = 0.022) and low visual perception (Frostig test 81 ± 17 points vs 93 ± 17 points; P = 0.035). Moreover, the incidence of autism spectrum disorders was significantly higher in the SGA group (21% vs 2.8%; P = 0.029). There were no differences in frequency of cerebral palsy diagnosis, vocabulary test results and temper tests scores between SGA and AGA groups. Conclusions: Birth weight small for gestational age seems to be an additional, independent risk factor of neurodevelopmental delay in prematurely born children.

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Methodological weaknesses in concluding that “small for gestational age” is an independent risk factor for parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.03.027 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Leslie A. Kalish

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Independent Risk Factor

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Small for gestational age as an independent risk factor for long-term pediatric gastrointestinal morbidity of the offspring

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2017.1406473 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1407-1411 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naama Steiner ◽

Tamar Wainstock ◽

Eyal Sheiner ◽

Idit Segal ◽

Daniela Landau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Independent Risk Factor

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Can 5-minute Apgar score be considered as an additional independent risk factor for screening of retinopathy of prematurity?

Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine ◽

10.34172/jrcm.2020.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 4-4

Author(s):

Amir Eftekhari Milani ◽

Mohamad Reza Niyousha ◽

Ali Kiavar ◽

Hanieh Sakha ◽

Ali Mahdavi Fard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Minute Apgar Score

Introduction: Because of increasing the population of premature infants due to improving neonatal care we try to find other independent criteria in addition to birth weight and gestational age to reduce the number of infants who need a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening examination. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, included 150 preterm infants with gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks or birth weight ≤ 1500 g or receives oxygen therapy for more than 2 days, who were examined from the fourth week of life for ROP in Tabriz Al-Zahra hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), from March 2017 to January 2018. All infants with other risk factors such as multi gestational pregnancy, blood transfusion or exchange, phototherapy, underlying disease, cerebral hemorrhage, chronic lung disease and sepsis were excluded from the study. Infants divided to two group ROP (n=47) and non-ROP (n=133) and their 5-minute Apgar score was Apgar score was compared as an independent risk factor. Exploratory data analysis was performed using descriptive measures with independent samples t tests. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to test the normality of data distribution. Results: The mean 5-minute Apgar scores were statistically lower in ROP group (5.4±2.3) than non-ROP group 6.2±2.1 (P value=0.041). Conclusion: Apgar score was statistically significant, but in light of the very close results obtained, it seems prudent to consider an independent risk factor.

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