scholarly journals Small for Gestational Age is an Independent Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Hubert ◽  
Maja Gilarska ◽  
Małgorzata Klimek ◽  
Magdalena Nitecka ◽  
Grażyna Dutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is a deficit of publications regarding the impact of small for gestational age (SGA) on later neurodevelopment of premature infants and existing results are conflicting. Objectives: The aim of the present study was multifaceted neurodevelopmental assessment of children born prematurely, with particular assessment of SGA as an independent risk factor for impairment in prematurely born children. Methods: Eighty-nine children born with very low birth weight were evaluated at the age of 50 months. Anthropometric measurements and several psychomotor tests (WeeFIM-Functional Independence Measure scale, Leiter Test-Non-Verbal Psychometric Evaluation, DTVP-2-Developmental test of Visual Perception, CAST-Childhood Autism Spectrum test, EAS-C-temperament questionnaire and TSD-children vocabulary test) were performed in each child. Results: SGA appears to be a risk factor for low self-reliance (mean WeeFIM score 89 ± 20 points vs 99 ± 15; P = 0.034), decreased non-verbal intelligence (Leiter score 87 ± 18 points vs 100 ± 18 points; P = 0.022) and low visual perception (Frostig test 81 ± 17 points vs 93 ± 17 points; P = 0.035). Moreover, the incidence of autism spectrum disorders was significantly higher in the SGA group (21% vs 2.8%; P = 0.029). There were no differences in frequency of cerebral palsy diagnosis, vocabulary test results and temper tests scores between SGA and AGA groups. Conclusions: Birth weight small for gestational age seems to be an additional, independent risk factor of neurodevelopmental delay in prematurely born children.

scholarly journals Leptin levels at birth and in early postnatal life in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Valūnienė ◽  
Rasa Verkauskienė ◽  
Margaret Boguszewski ◽  
Jovanna Dahlgren ◽  
Danutė Lašienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Early Postnatal Life ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate leptin concentration at birth and in early postnatal life in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants and to assess its relationship with infants’ anthropometry at birth and some characteristics of maternal pregnancy. Materials and methods. A total of 367 infants born after 32–42 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 80 small- and 287 appropriate- for-gestational-age newborns. Altogether, 166 venous blood samples were taken from these neonates on days 2–6 of life. Results. Cord leptin levels were significantly lower in small- compared to appropriate-forgestational- age infants. We observed a positive correlation between cord leptin and birth weight, all neonatal anthropometric parameters, placental weight, and some maternal nutritional factors. In multivariate analysis, cord leptin concentration explained up to 15% of the variation in sum of newborn’s skinfold thickness but only 5% of the variation in birth weight. Postnatally, leptin concentration decreased markedly to the similar low levels in both infant groups and remained so during the first postnatal week. Conclusions. Significantly lower cord leptin concentration in small-for-gestational-age neonates reflects a lower fat mass content compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. However, an abrupt decrease in leptin levels shortly after birth in both groups suggests that placenta could be an important source of leptin in fetal circulation. The impact of low leptin levels at birth in small-for-gestational-age infants on their postnatal appetite and weight gain remains to be elucidated in future studies.

scholarly journals The M2 haplotype in the ANXA5 gene is an independent risk factor for idiopathic small-for-gestational age newborns

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tiscia ◽  
D. Colaizzo ◽  
G. Favuzzi ◽  
P. Vergura ◽  
P. Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factor

scholarly journals Maternal Region of Origin and Small for Gestational Age: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Victorian Perinatal Data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Grundy ◽  
Patricia Lee ◽  
Kirsten Small ◽  
Faruk Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
South Central

Abstract BackgroundBeing born small for gestational age is a strong predictor of the short- and long-term health of the neonate, child, and adult. Variation in the rates of small for gestational age have been identified across population groups in high income countries, including Australia. Understanding the factors contributing to these population group differences may assist clinicians to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with being born small. Victoria, in addition to New South Wales, accounts for the largest proportion of net overseas migration and births in Australia. The aim of this research was to analyse how migration was associated with small for gestational age in Victoria.Methods This was a cross sectional population health study of singleton births in Victoria from 2009 to 2018 (n = 708,475). The prevalence of being born small for gestational age (SGA; < 10th centile) was determined for maternal country of origin groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between maternal region of origin and SGA.Results Maternal region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA in Victoria (p < .001), with a prevalence of SGA for migrant women of 11.3% (n = 27,815) and 7.3% for Australian born women (n = 33,749). Women from South East Asia, South Central Asia, or Sub Saharan Africa, OR 1.75 (95%CI: 1.70 to 1.8), women from North and North East Africa, Middle East, OR 1.40 (95%CI: 1.35 to 1.45) and migrant women from the Americas, Europe, and Oceania, OR1.06 (95%CI: 1.02 to 1.12) more likely to birth an SGA child in comparison to women born in Australia.Conclusions Victorian woman’s region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA. Variation in the rates of SGA between maternal regions of origin indicates additional factors such as, a woman’s pre migration exposures, the context of the migration journey, settlement conditions and the social environment post migration impact the potential for SGA. These findings highlight the importance of intergenerational improvements to the wellbeing of migrant women and their children. Further research is required to identify modifiable elements that contribute to birthweight differences across population groups.

scholarly journals Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age Infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M. Lampi ◽  
Liisa Lehtonen ◽  
Phuong Lien Tran ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Venla Lehti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Developmental delay in 3-month-old low birth weight infants with hyperbilirubinemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiradharma Wiradharma ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani ◽  
Ekawaty Lutfia Haksari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning Data

Backgrourui Developmental delay may be due to a variety offactors occurring during the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatalperiods, one of which is hyperbilirubinemia.Objective To evaluate the impact ofhyperbilirubinemia on infantdevelopmental delay.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from March toJuly 2011. Subjects were low birth weight infants with and withouthyperbilirubinemia. Developmental delay was measured using theMullen Scales of Early Learning. Data was analyzed by Chi squaretest and relative risks were calculated. Logistic regression analysiswas performed to assess factors associated with developmentaldelay. Differences were considered statistically significant for Pvalues < 0.05.Results Forty-six low birth weight infants were enrolledin this study, 23 with hyperbilirubinemia and 23 withouthyperbilirubinemia. The relative risk (RR) for developmentaldelay in the hyperbilirubinemia group was 2.08 (95%CI 0.51 to8 .40). Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperbilirubinemia didnot significantly influence developmental delay (RR 1.45; 95%CI0.29 to 7.31). However, small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influenced developmental delay(RR 12.13; 95%CI 2.43 to 60.56).Conclusion Hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight infants isn ot a risk factor for developmental delay at the age of 3 months.However, being small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influences the likelihood ofdevelopmental delay.

Small for gestational age as an independent risk factor for long-term pediatric gastrointestinal morbidity of the offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Steiner ◽  
Tamar Wainstock ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Idit Segal ◽  
Daniela Landau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factor

scholarly journals Maternal region of origin and Small for gestational age: a cross-sectional analysis of Victorian perinatal data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Grundy ◽  
Patricia Lee ◽  
Kirsten Small ◽  
Faruk Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Groups

Abstract Background Being born small for gestational age is a strong predictor of the short- and long-term health of the neonate, child, and adult. Variation in the rates of small for gestational age have been identified across population groups in high income countries, including Australia. Understanding the factors contributing to this variation may assist clinicians to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with being born small. Victoria, in addition to New South Wales, accounts for the largest proportion of net overseas migration and births in Australia. The aim of this research was to analyse how migration was associated with small for gestational age in Victoria. Methods This was a cross sectional population health study of singleton births in Victoria from 2009 to 2018 (n = 708,475). The prevalence of being born small for gestational age (SGA; <10th centile) was determined for maternal region of origin groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between maternal region of origin and SGA. Results Maternal region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA in Victoria (p < .001), with a prevalence of SGA for migrant women of 11.3% (n = 27,815) and 7.3% for Australian born women (n = 33,749). Women from the Americas (aOR1.24, 95%CI:1.14 to 1.36), North Africa, North East Africa, and the Middle East (aOR1.57, 95%CI:1.52 to 1.63); Southern Central Asia (aOR2.58, 95%CI:2.50 to 2.66); South East Asia (aOR2.02, 95%CI: 1.95 to 2.01); and sub-Saharan Africa (aOR1.80, 95%CI:1.69 to 1.92) were more likely to birth an SGA child in comparison to women born in Australia. Conclusions Victorian woman’s region of origin was an independent risk factor for SGA. Variation in the rates of SGA between maternal regions of origin suggests additional factors such as a woman’s pre-migration exposures, the context of the migration journey, settlement conditions and social environment post migration might impact the potential for SGA. These findings highlight the importance of intergenerational improvements to the wellbeing of migrant women and their children. Further research to identify modifiable elements that contribute to birthweight differences across population groups would help enable appropriate healthcare responses aimed at reducing the rate of being SGA.

scholarly journals Hypospadias in Twins

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
R. B. Nerli ◽  
R. B. Nerli ◽  
Shoubhik Chandra ◽  
Priyabrata Adhikari ◽  
Shridhar C. Ghagane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Family History ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Multiple Gestations

Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects among male children. Many associated risks for hypospadias have been reported like family history, older maternal age, nulliparity, high pre-pregnancy body mass index of mother, hypertension or preeclampsia, multiple gestations, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. In literature twinning as a risk factor has been consistently shown to be associated with hypospadias. We report a 2-year-old male child (one of the twins) who presented with proximal microphallic hypospadias.

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