Association of molecular biomarkers heterogeneity and treatment pattern, disease outcomes in multifocal or multicentric breast cancer patients
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the rates of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 heterogeneity in multifocal or multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) and its association with treatment pattern and disease outcomes. Methods MMBC patients with ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 results for each tumor focus were retrospectively analyzed and categorized into the Homo group and the Hetero group. Chi-square test were performed to compare the treatment options between the groups. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated from Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between two groups. Results A total of 330 patients were included and 53 (16.1%) were classified into the Hetero group. Adjuvant endocrine therapy was more frequently assigned for patients in the Hetero group than in the Homo group (84.9% vs. 71.7%, P = 0.046). There was no difference in terms of adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy (28.3% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.196) and chemotherapy (69.9% vs. 69.8%, P = 0.987) usage between two groups. At a median follow-up of 36 months, DFS rates were 81.2% for the Hetero group and 96.5% for the Homo group (HR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.00-7.88, P = 0.041). The estimated 3-year OS rates for the groups were 95.8% and 99.5%, respectively (HR = 4.31, 95% CI: 0.83–22.46, P = 0.059). Conclusion Heterogeneity of ER, PR, HER2, or Ki67 was present in 16.1% patients with MMBC. Biomarkers heterogeneity influenced adjuvant endocrine therapy usage and was associated with worse disease outcomes, indicating further clinical evaluation.