Environmental impact on the toxicologically relevant arsenic species in ground water of 2nd aquifer of coal mining area and release in a reservoir: Risk assessment to aquatic life
Abstract In present study, the variation in the concentrations of inorganic As species (penta and trivalent) in ground water of coal mining area (2nd aquifer) and its drain outlet/discharge in a reservoir/gorano dam. The water samples were collected from reservoir at four different sites (RW1, RW2, RW3 and RW4. At site four of reservoir (RW4) the fish farming is also carried out, from where a fish species Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was also collected. The solid phase extraction using titanium dioxide as an adsorbent was applied for the determination of inorganic As. The arsenite (AsIII) was found by an advance extraction method (cloud point extraction) by means of a hydrophobic chelating reagent and the obtained hydrophobic complex was deceived in a surfactant (Triton X-114). Physico-chemical, parameters of all water samples collected from ground water of aquifer 2 of coal mining area (AQ2), drain/discharge outlet (DW) and four sites of reservoir/Gorano dam were carried out. The resulted data indicated that physicochemical parameters (conductivity, total dissolved salt, pH) of all collected samples were surpassed the WHO recommended values for drinking water excluding pH. The different organs (gills, scale, liver and muscles) of O. mossambicus were analyzed for total As. The resulted data designated that accretion of As in various tissues of selected fish species was found in decreasing order as liver > gill > muscles > scale. The bioaccumulation factor was calculated > 28. To evaluate the exposure of As via consuming the fish muscles by people was calculated by daily intake of As (EDI), and found to be significantly higher than the allowable limit (2.1 µg/Kg/day) by food organizations.
