scholarly journals Advantage and Disadvantage of Global and Local Climate Datasets on Modeling Species Distribution at Continental and Landscape Scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Cheng Liao ◽  
Chi-Ru CHANG ◽  
Yi-Huey CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Global And Local

Abstract Species distribution model based on global and local climate datasets were hypothesized to have advantages on projecting distribution range at continental and landscape scales, respectively. Random Forest (RF) and principle components analysis (PCA) aimed to project potential distribution range and to construct climate space of Bretschneidera sinensis in continental East Asia (CEA) and northern Taiwan (NTWN) based on the WorldClim and local climate datasets. Geographical extent of the endangered species at continental scale was available to be projected by RF based on the WorldClim dataset, whereas isolation and fragmentation of natural habitat had not been presented by the projection map in CEA. At landscape scale, projection map of RF in NTWN based on the WorldClim dataset presented gridded distribution far from empirical distribution pattern, while that based on local climate dataset presented a distribution pattern relevant to elevation and topography. PCA had revealed climate differentiation between continental and island populations. Evidently, local climate dataset is essential for identifying ecological adaptation of island population at geographical margin of the endangered species. Meteorological data interpolated and altitudinal adjusted by empirical elevation lapse rate calculated for each watershed had captured climate heterogeneity in mountainous area, whereas it generated huge number of gridded cells that is not available to expand this method to continental region. Global climate dataset has the advantage on modeling geographical extent of plant species at continental scale, while local climate dataset used for modelling species distribution enables conservationists to delineate reliable conservation areas in fragmented natural habitats at landscape scale.

scholarly journals Advantage and Disadvantage of Global and Local Climate Datasets on Modeling Species Distribution at Continental and Landscape Scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Cheng Liao ◽  
Chi-Ru CHANG ◽  
Yi-Huey CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Global And Local

Abstract Species distribution model based on global and local climate datasets were hypothesized to have advantages on projecting distribution range at continental and landscape scales, respectively. Random Forest (RF) and principle components analysis (PCA) aimed to project potential distribution range and to construct climate space of Bretschneidera sinensis in continental East Asia (CEA) and northern Taiwan (NTWN) based on the WorldClim and local climate datasets. Geographical extent of the endangered species at continental scale was available to be projected by RF based on the WorldClim dataset, whereas RF had projected bias map that presented gridded squares at edges of the potential distribution range. At landscape scale, projection map of RF in NTWN based on the WorldClim dataset presented gridded distribution far from empirical distribution pattern, while that based on local climate dataset presented a distribution pattern relevant to elevation and topography. PCA had revealed climate differentiation between continental and island populations. Evidently, local climate dataset had reflected climate heterogeneity at landscape scale and is essential for identifying local adaptation of island population at geographical margin of the endangered species. However, huge number of gridded cells generated from local climate interpolation method for projecting potential distribution range at landscape scale is not available to expand geographical extent to continental region. Global climate dataset has the advantage on modeling geographical extent of plant species at continental scale, while local climate dataset used for modelling species distribution enables conservationists to delineate reliable conservation areas in fragmented natural habitats at landscape scale.

scholarly journals Invasive Plant Species Distribution Is Structured by Soil and Habitat Type in the City Landscape

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Ilona Szumańska ◽  
Sandra Lubińska-Mielińska ◽  
Dariusz Kamiński ◽  
Lucjan Rutkowski ◽  
Andrzej Nienartowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
The City

Invasive alien species (IAS) is a global problem that largely relates to human activities and human settlements. To prevent the further spread of IAS, we first need to know their pattern of distribution, to determine which constitutes the greatest threat, and understand which habitats and migration pathways they prefer. Our research aimed to identify the main vectors and distribution pattern of IAS of plants in the city environment. We checked the relations between species distribution and such environmental factors as urban soil type and habitat type. We applied data on IAS occurrence (collected in the period 1973–2015) in 515 permanent plots with dimensions of 0.5 × 0.5 km and analyzed by direct ordination methods. In total, we recorded 66 IAS. We found a 27% variance in the IAS distribution pattern, which can be explained by statistically significant soil and habitat types. The most important for species distribution were: river and alluvial soils, forests and related rusty soils, and places of intensive human activities, including areas of urbisols and industriosols. Our results provide details that can inform local efforts for the management and control of invasive species, and they provide evidence of the different associations between natural patterns and human land use.

scholarly journals Analog Downscaling of Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts in the Murray Darling Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Charles ◽  
Bertrand Timbal ◽  
Elodie Fernandez ◽  
Harry Hendon
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seasonal Prediction ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Meridional Wind ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Murray Darling Basin

Abstract Seasonal predictions based on coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (GCMs) provide useful predictions of large-scale circulation but lack the conditioning on topography required for locally relevant prediction. In this study a statistical downscaling model based on meteorological analogs was applied to continental-scale GCM-based seasonal forecasts and high quality historical site observations to generate a set of downscaled precipitation hindcasts at 160 sites in the South Murray Darling Basin region of Australia. Large-scale fields from the Predictive Ocean–Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA) 1.5b GCM-based seasonal prediction system are used for analog selection. Correlation analysis indicates modest levels of predictability in the target region for the selected predictor fields. A single best-match analog was found using model sea level pressure, meridional wind, and rainfall fields, with the procedure applied to 3-month-long reforecasts, initialized on the first day of each month from 1980 to 2006, for each model day of 10 ensemble members. Assessment of the total accumulated rainfall and number of rainy days in the 3-month reforecasts shows that the downscaling procedure corrects the local climate variability with no mean effect on predictive skill, resulting in a smaller magnitude error. The amount of total rainfall and number of rain days in the downscaled output is significantly improved over the direct GCM output as measured by the difference in median and tercile thresholds between station observations and downscaled rainfall. Confidence in the downscaled output is enhanced by strong consistency between the large-scale mean of the downscaled and direct GCM precipitation.

Chara kirghisorum (Charales): lectotypification, first reliable record in Europe and update of species distribution in Russia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMAN E. ROMANOV ◽  
SHAMIL R. ABDULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Orenburg Oblast

Charophytes are commonly easily recognizable plants irrespective of their size due to the recurrent combination of very similar parts within their thalli. A few species are outstanding due to their unusual whip-like appearance with regularly distributed small nodules on the stems formed with whorls of short and nearly rudimentary branchlets. The central and north-European Chara filiformis A. Braun in Hertzsch (1855: 81) and mainly Middle-Asian C. kirghisorum Lessing (1834: 212) are examples of this distinctive habit. The species differ essentially in gametangia arrangement as well as in their distribution range. Monoecious C. filiformis does not have reliable records east of Pskov Oblast of Russia (29° E), while dioecious C. kirghisorum is unknown west of Orenburg Oblast of Russia (58° E) (Hollerbach 1941; Hollerbach & Krassavina 1983; LE!, PSK!). Therefore, they may be recognized as vicariate species.

scholarly journals Development of new SNPs loci on Quercus robur and Quercus petraea for genetic studies covering the whole species’ distribution range

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Blanc-Jolivet ◽  
Svetlana Bakhtina ◽  
Ruslan Yanbaev ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev ◽  
Malte Mader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Genetic Studies

scholarly journals Saving endangered species using adaptive management

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (13) ◽  
pp. 6181-6186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Serrouya ◽  
Dale R. Seip ◽  
Dave Hervieux ◽  
Bruce N. McLellan ◽  
R. Scott McNay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Emergency Measure ◽  
Ecosystem Alteration

Adaptive management is a powerful means of learning about complex ecosystems, but is rarely used for recovering endangered species. Here, we demonstrate how it can benefit woodland caribou, which became the first large mammal extirpated from the contiguous United States in recent history. The continental scale of forest alteration and extended time needed for forest recovery means that relying only on habitat protection and restoration will likely fail. Therefore, population management is also needed as an emergency measure to avoid further extirpation. Reductions of predators and overabundant prey, translocations, and creating safe havens have been applied in a design covering >90,000 km2. Combinations of treatments that increased multiple vital rates produced the highest population growth. Moreover, the degree of ecosystem alteration did not influence this pattern. By coordinating recovery involving scientists, governments, and First Nations, treatments were applied across vast scales to benefit this iconic species.

scholarly journals Distribution Pattern of Gymnosperms’ Richness in Nepal: Effect of Environmental Constrains along Elevational Gradients

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Bikram Pandey ◽  
Nirdesh Nepal ◽  
Salina Tripathi ◽  
Kaiwen Pan ◽  
Mohammed A. Dakhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Hypothesis Model ◽  
Richness Pattern ◽  
Richness Patterns

Understanding the pattern of species distribution and the underlying mechanism is essential for conservation planning. Several climatic variables determine the species diversity, and the dependency of species on climate motivates ecologists and bio-geographers to explain the richness patterns along with elevation and environmental correlates. We used interpolated elevational distribution data to examine the relative importance of climatic variables in determining the species richness pattern of 26 species of gymnosperms in the longest elevation gradients in the world. Thirteen environmental variables were divided into three predictors set representing each hypothesis model (energy-water, physical-tolerance, and climatic-seasonality); to explain the species richness pattern of gymnosperms along the elevational gradient. We performed generalized linear models and variation partitioning to evaluate the relevant role of environmental variables on species richness patterns. Our findings showed that the gymnosperms’ richness formed a hump-shaped distribution pattern. The individual effect of energy-water predictor set was identified as the primary determinant of species richness. While, the joint effects of energy-water and physical-tolerance predictors have explained highest variations in gymnosperm distribution. The multiple environmental indicators are essential drivers of species distribution and have direct implications in understanding the effect of climate change on the species richness pattern.

scholarly journals ESTRUTURA HORIZONTAL DE UM TRECHO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA DAS TERRAS BAIXAS NA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA DE SOORETAMA, LINHARES, ES

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro de Paula ◽  
João Juares Soares
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Shannon’S Index ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Dense Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Biological Reserve

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura fitossociológica horizontal de um trecho da vegetação arbórea de uma floresta de tabuleiro. Foi realizada uma amostragem fitossociológica em 100 parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m, sendo amostrados os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Construiu-se a distribuição diamétrica e estimou-se o padrão de distribuição espacial das espécies. Foram amostrados 1519 indivíduos, distribuídos entre 265 espécies, 138 gêneros e 44 famílias. O índice de Shannon (H’) estimado foi de 4,87 nats/ind. As espécies com os maiores VI foram Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze, Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns e Sterculia speciosa K. Schum. Em relação aos grupos ecológicos, as secundárias tardias obtiveram mais que o dobro do VC e VI das secundárias iniciais. A distribuição diamétrica apresentada pelas pioneiras foi truncada, sendo que a das secundárias iniciais foi ampla. A predominância de espécies tolerantes ao sombreamento nos estágios iniciais de crescimento reforça a ideia de que o estádio sucessional encontra-se avançado. Foram encontradas 10 espécies com padrão de distribuição espacial agregado e 29 aleatório.Palavras-chave:Fitossociologia; estrutura horizontal; Floresta Ombrófila Densa; floresta de tabuleiro; floresta atlântica. AbstractHorizontal structure of Ombrophilous dense forest of lowlands in Sooretama Biological Reserve, Linhares. This work aimed to analyze horizontal structure of arboreal vegetation from a “tableland” forest. A phytosociological sample was carried out on 100 contiguous plots of 10 X 10 meters. We sampled the individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm, built up the diametric distribution and estimated spatial species distribution pattern. We sampled 1519 individuals, which were distributed into 265 species, 138 genera and 44 families. Shannon’s Index (H’) was estimated at 4.87 nats/ind. Species with the highest IV were Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze, Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns and Sterculia speciosa K. Schum. In relation to ecological groups, the late secondary species obtained CV and IV, twice as much as the early secondary ones. Pioneers presented truncated diametric distribution, as long as the early secondary had a broader one. Shadow tolerant species predominance reinforces that successional stadium is advanced. It had been found 10 species with aggregated spatial distribution and 29 random ones.Keywords:              Phytosociology; horizontal structure; Dense Ombrophilous Forest; tabuleiro forest; atlantic forest.

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