Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Risk-Attributable Burden in 137 Low-and Middle-Income Countries, 1990-2019: Results From The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern, but its disease burden and risk-attributable burden in CKD has been poorly studied in low - and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate CKD burden and risk-attributable burden in LMICs from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, which measure CKD burden using the years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and estimate risk-attributable burden using population-attributable faction (PAF) from 1990 to 2019. The 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated and reported for YLDs, YLLs and DALYs. Results In 2019, the age-standardized YLL rate is much higher than the YLD rate in various income regions. LICs had the highest age-standardized DALY rate at 692.25 per 100,000 people (95%UI: 605.14 to 785.67), followed by Lower MICs. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate showed a 13.70% reduction in LICs, 2.25% reduction Upper MICs but 3.72% rising in Lower MICs. Age-standardized YLD rate was higher in females than in males, whereas age-standardized rates of YLL and DALY of CKD were all higher in males than in females in globally and various income regions. Additionally, there were upward trends in the CKD-related age-specific YLD, YLL and DALY rates in various income regions. In 2019, kidney dysfunction, high systolic blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index remained the major causes attributable age-standardized CKD DALYs. From 1990 to 2019, there were upward trends in the PAF contributions of high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, and high body-mass index. The greatest increase in the PAF was high body-mass index, especially in Lower MICs. Conclusions CKD burden remains high in various income regions, especially in MICs and Lower MICs. More effective and targeted preventive policies and interventions aimed at mitigating preventable CKD burden and addressing risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in geographies with high or increasing burden.

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Burden of chronic kidney disease and its risk-attributable burden in 137 low-and middle-income countries, 1990–2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02597-3 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Changrong Ke ◽

Juanjuan Liang ◽

Mi Liu ◽

Shiwei Liu ◽

Chunping Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

High Body ◽

High Fasting Plasma Glucose

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern, but its disease burden and risk-attributable burden in CKD has been poorly studied in low - and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate CKD burden and risk-attributable burden in LMICs from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, which measure CKD burden using the years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and calculate percentage contributions of risk factors to age-standardized CKD DALY using population attributable fraction (PAF) from 1990 to 2019. Trends of disease burden between 1990 and 2019 were evaluated using average annual percent change (AAPC). The 95% uncertainty interval (UI) were calculated and reported for YLDs, YLLs, DALYs and PAF. Results In 2019, LICs had the highest age-standardized DALY rate at 692.25 per 100,000 people (95%UI: 605.14 to 785.67), followed by Lower MICs (684.72% (95%UI: 623.56 to 746.12)), Upper MICs (447.55% (95%UI: 405.38 to 493.01)). The age-standardized YLL rate was much higher than the YLD rate in various income regions. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate showed a 13.70% reduction in LICs (AAPC = -0.5, 95%UI: − 0.6 to − 0.5, P < 0.001), 3.72% increment in Lower MICs (AAPC = 0.2, 95%UI: 0.0 to 0.3, P < 0.05). Age-standardized YLD rate was higher in females than in males, whereas age-standardized rates of YLL and DALY of CKD were all higher in males than in females in globally and LMICs. Additionally, the YLD, YLL and DALY rates of CKD increased with age, which were higher in aged≥70 years in various income regions. In 2019, high systolic blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index remained the major causes attributable age-standardized CKD DALY. From 1990 to 2019, there were upward trends in the PAF of age-standardized DALY contributions of high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, and high body-mass index in Global, LICs, Lower MICs and Upper MICs. The greatest increase in the PAF was high body-mass index, especially in Lower MICs (AAPC = 2.7, 95%UI: 2.7 to 2.8, P < 0.001). The PAF of age-standardized DALY for high systolic blood pressure increased the most in Upper MICs (AAPC = 0.6, 95%UI: 0.6 to 0.7, P < 0.001). Conclusions CKD burden remains high in various income regions, especially in LICs and Lower MICs. More effective and targeted preventive policies and interventions aimed at mitigating preventable CKD burden and addressing risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in geographies with high or increasing burden.

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The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1003198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. e1003198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haijiang Dai ◽

Tariq A. Alsalhe ◽

Nasr Chalghaf ◽

Matteo Riccò ◽

Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

High Body ◽

Disease Study

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Global burden of noncommunicable disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-020-02352-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 310-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiling Lin ◽

Yufeng Xu ◽

Jingya Xu ◽

Xiaowen Pan ◽

Xiaoxiao Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

High Body

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Global burden of obesity

International Journal of Growth and Development ◽

10.25081/ijgd.2017.v1i1.46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Muhammad Jawad Hashim

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Body Mass ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Global Burden ◽

High Body ◽

High Bmi

Global burden of obesity Introduction The burden of nutritional disorders is increasing despite advances in scientific research and health promotion. Nutritional disorders include excess body mass conditions especially obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) and being overweight (BMI > 25 and < 30 kg/m2). These conditions are now considered as precursors to several diseases including diabetes, heart disease, musculoskeletal disorders as well as psychiatric illnesses. We studied the global burden of obesity to assess temporal trends and regional variations of this highly prevalent nutritional disorder. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease database from the Institute of Health Metrics (www.healthdata.org) at the University of Washington, Seattle. This database collates data from a very large number of studies and census figures to generate regional estimates for health statistics. We analyzed the data from 1990 to 2015 using global averages for years lived with disability (YLD). The primary risk factor analyzed was ‘High body-mass index’. The effect of high BMI on all causes of health reduction (including diabetes) were studied for temporal (1990 to 2015) and regional/national patterns. Results The global of burden of diseases due to high BMI is rising continuously, from 213 YLDs per 100,000 in 1990 to 388 YLDs in 2015. A high burden of YLDs was seen in developed regions including North America and Australasia. Northern Europe and Middle East were also disproportionately affected. Areas with low rates of YLDs from obesity included sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia and south east Asia. Marked increases in the rates per 100,000 populations were seen over 1990 to 2015 in countries such as Fiji, USA, Egypt and Ukraine. The burden of suffering is higher among women than men. Conclusion The global burden of suffering due to illnesses caused by high body mass index is continuing to rise. Existing public health measures appear to be ineffective and more efficacious nutritional education and health promotion strategies are urgently needed. Conflicts of interest disclosure: no external or commercial funding source, and no holding of significant equity in a company relevant to the study.

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Association between Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index (Bmi) and Age amongst Women in a Community in Cross River State of Nigeria.

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v5i3.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 3630-3633

Author(s):

Omotoso AJ ◽

Chinenye Nwosu ◽

Ekpe EL ◽

Ekpe SL ◽

Kingsley A ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Cross River ◽

Cross River State ◽

High Body

BACKGROUND: High body mass index (obesity) is a great health threat to aging individuals which results in increased blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Study was carried out in four different communities namely: Ikom, Akamkpa, Calabar South and Calabar Municipal of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was carried out amongst 130 women who voluntarily gave their consent during a cervical screening done in their various locations during the period of December 2016 to January 2017 in Cross River State, Nigeria. Blood pressure was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer to obtain both the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the various individuals. The height and weight were obtained using a weighing balance and a stadiometer respectively to get the weight and height. It was summarized age group wise and cut off points gotten from the individuals and reviewed using the WHO classification of body mass index classification. Data obtained were presented using frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: Underweight individuals (8)had a total percentage of 6.15%.A total of 46(35.40%) of the individuals were of normal weight..46 and 30 of the individuals had a percentage of 35.40% and 23.08%respectively(overweight and obese).A maximum number of the individuals were normal(were neither prehypertensive nor hypertensive). 49 and 19 individuals were prehypertensive in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively and 7 and 16 were hypertensive in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. CONCLUSION: A high body mass index and hypertension correlate with advancing age. and can be prevented by living an acceptable lifestyle devoid of it Triggers like alcohol, smoking ,reduced salt intake etc and having a regular routine check-up done periodically.

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