Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Dog Tick Species In Sri Lanka and The Life Cycle of Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Under Laboratory Conditions

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Abstract Background Tick infestations and canine tick-borne diseases have become a major emerging health concern of dogs in Sri Lanka. Information about tick species infesting dogs and their geographic distribution in Sri Lanka is largely unknown. Methods An island-wide, cross-sectional survey of tick species infesting the domestic dog was carried out, and the life cycle of the major dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was studied under laboratory conditions. Results A total of 3,026 ticks were collected from 1,219 dogs of different breeds in all 25 districts in the three climatic zones: Wet, Dry, and Intermediate zones. Eight species in five genera were identified: R. sanguineus (63.4%), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (22.0%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (12.5%), Haemaphysalis intermedia (0.9%), Haemaphysalis turturis (0.6%), Amblyoma integrum (0.4%), Dermacentor auratus (0.2%) and Hyalomma sp (0.06%). The brown dog tick, R. sanguineus was the dominant species in the Dry and Wet zones, while R. haemaphysaloides was the dominant species in the Intermediate zone. Species diversity (presented as Shannon diversity index H) in the three was 1.135, 1.021and 0.849 in Intermediate, Dry and Wet zones, respectively. Adults formed 94.7% with a significantly higher number of females, and the rest were nymphs. Rhipicephalus sanguineus preferred the anterior side of the host body, specifically the inner and outer side of the ear. In contrast, R. haemaphysaloides preferred the posterior side, mainly the fore and hind limbs. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus was completed within 70–126 days, all three stages successfully fed on the New Zealand white rabbits under laboratory conditions. The mean REI and RFI were 50.8 ± 9.69 and 9.1 ± 5.01, respectively. Larger females had higher reproductive success. Conclusion The dominant dog tick species and the species diversity varied in different climatic regions of Sri Lanka. Information on diversity, distribution and life cycle parameters is fundamental for studies of canine tick-borne infections, zoonoses, and their epidemiology.

Brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus parasitizing the bird Coereba flaveola in the Brazilian cerrado

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782008000200041 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 543-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Matias Pablo Juan Szabó ◽

Graziela Virginia Tolesano Pascoli ◽

Oswaldo Marçal Júnior ◽

Alexandre Gabriel Franchin ◽

Khelma Torga

Keyword(s):

Tick Species ◽

Bird Species ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Male Adult ◽

Unknown Route ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Dog Tick ◽

Coereba Flaveola

During a survey for ectoparasites on birds in a small reserve of the Brazilian cerrado (savannah) a male adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick was found attached to the eyelid of the bird Coereba flaveola. Both tick and bird are presently common in Brazil, however, to best of our knowledge, the association of this tick species with this bird species has not been reported before. This observation may be an accidental finding but might also be an unknown route for the dissemination of the tick. The species R. sanguineus was introduced in the country with the colonization and should be considered a research target for the surveillance of tick-borne diseases.

Climate impacts on the vector capacity of tropical and temperate populations of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato.

10.1079/9781789249637.0030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 209-215

Author(s):

Gervasio Bechara ◽

Gustavo Sanches

Keyword(s):

Tick Species ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽

Dog Tick ◽

Vector Capacity ◽

Preferred Hosts

Abstract The distribution and survival of a tick species are affected by several factors such as host availability, vegetation coverage, climatic conditions (humidity, photoperiod and temperature) and anthropic activities. This expert opinion discusses the differences between both tropical and temperate R. sanguineus lineages, how climate changes could affect their distribution and abundance, and consequently the incidence of the diseases transmitted by them to dogs, their preferred hosts.

Brown Dog Tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in378-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (2) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Yuexun Tian ◽

Cynthia Lord ◽

Phillip E. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Entire Life ◽

Entire Life Cycle ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

The brown dog tick is unusual among ticks in that it can complete its entire life cycle indoors as well as outdoors. Brown dog tick infestations can develop in dog kennels and residences, where populations can reach dramatic levels and cause dog diseases. This 6-page fact sheet written by and published by the UF/IFAS provides the distribution, description and identification, life cycle, and management of the brown dog tick as well as its hosts and the medical and veterinary significance of this troublesome pest. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in378 This article is co-published with the Featured Creatures collection of UF/IFAS Department of Entomology & Nematology, and FDACS/DPI, available at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/medical/brown_dog_tick.htm

Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in378-2001 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2004 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Cynthia C. Lord

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Cooperative Extension Service ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Entire Life ◽

Entire Life Cycle ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

The Us ◽

The World ◽

The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, is unusual among ticks, in that it can complete its entire life cycle indoors. Because of this, it can establish populations in colder climates, and has been found in much of the world. Many tick species can be carried indoors on animals, but cannot complete their entire life cycle inside. Although R. sanguineus will feed on a wide variety of mammals, dogs are the preferred host in the US and appear to be required to develop large infestations. This document is EENY-221, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2001. EENY-221/IN378: Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae) (ufl.edu)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), the brown dog tick, parasitizing humans in Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822006000100012 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 64-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽

Luciana Aguiar Figueredo ◽

Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho

Keyword(s):

Tick Species ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Dog Owners ◽

The objective of this paper is to describe four cases of human parasitism by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latrielle) in Brazil. During an investigation regarding the species of ectoparasites of domestic dogs from the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco state, four dog owners were found to be parasitized by ticks. The ticks were collected from these individuals and their dogs. All the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus . These are, to our knowledge, the first four cases of human parasitism by this tick species in Brazil. The possible implications of this finding are discussed here.

Host location cues of the brown dog tick,Rhipicephalus sanguineus

10.1603/ice.2016.94046 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Emma N. I. Weeks

Keyword(s):

Host Location ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Investigation of Tickborne Pathogens within Naturally Infected Brown Dog Tick (Ixodidae: Rhipicephalus Sanguineus) in Egypt by Light and Electron Microscopy

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.064 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Babesia Canis ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Dog Tick ◽

Theileria Spp

Tick borne pathogens present a significant health challenge to animals and human because a single tick may transmit multiple pathogens to a mammalian host during feeding. The present study detected tick-borne pathogens from pet dogs. A total of 666 ticks were collected from 144 pet and sheltered dogs in Egypt from April to September 2018. For hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland smears 546 ticks were used as well as 360 egg smears from 120 female tick were examined by light microscope. The infected ticks were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ticks were identified; Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Light microscopy showed infection rates of 44.69%, 68.50% & 15.75%, in hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland, respectively. H. canis recorded the highest rates in hemolymph and midgut (35.89% & 49.82%, respectively), but Theileria spp. was the lowest (0.73% & 2.93%, respectively). In salivary gland smears, Babesia canis. was detected in 13.55% and Theileria spp. in 1.83%. Mixed infection in same tick was recorded in 4.76% &0.37% in midgut and salivary gland smears, respectively. Babesia canis stages were recovered from 15% of egg smears. R. sanguineus was natural infected by Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Anaplasma phagocytophilum as well as mixed infections of protozoa accompanied by a complicated sign of diseases and failure in accurate diagnosis.