scholarly journals Climate Change Will Unravel Air Quality Regulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bento ◽  
David Adler ◽  
Noah Miller ◽  
Edson Severnini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Using daily data for the United States over the period 1980-2019, we estimate the impacts of temperature on ambient ozone concentrations, accounting for adaptation to climatic change. We find that even with adaptation, rises in temperature will steeply increase ozone levels by over 9 ppb on days above 25◦C. By mid-century, we calculate that 189 additional counties will be violating the air quality standards, with 33 million more residents exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. Climate change will thus put the ambient ozone standards at risk as the costs of compliance with existing standards will likely increase. In light of a recent EPA ruling that would effectively remove co-benefits from ozone precursor reductions from the cost-benefit analysis of those standards, they will be in peril.

scholarly journals Climate Change will Increase Ozone Levels and Unravel Air Quality Regulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bento ◽  
David Adler ◽  
Noah Miller ◽  
Edson Severnini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract Using daily data for the United States over the period 1980-2019, we estimate the impacts of temperature on ambient ozone concentrations, accounting for adaptation to climatic change. We find that even with adaptation, rises in temperature will steeply increase ozone levels by over 9 ppb on days above 25◦ C. By mid-century, we calculate that 189 additional counties 15 will be violating the air quality standards, with 33 million more residents exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. Climate change will thus likely increase the costs of compliance with existing ambient ozone standards. In light of a recent EPA ruling that would effectively remove cobenefits of ozone precursor reductions from the cost-benefit analysis of those standards, they will be in peril, further threatening public health.

scholarly journals Climate Change will Increase Ozone Levels and unravel Air Quality Regulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Adler ◽  
Antonio Bento ◽  
Noah Miller ◽  
Edson Severnini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract Using daily data for the United States over the period 1980-2019, we estimate the impacts of temperature on ambient ozone concentrations, accounting for adaptation to climatic change. We find that even with adaptation, rises in temperature will steeply increase ozone levels by over 9 ppb on days above 25◦C. By mid-century, we calculate that 189 additional counties will be violating the air quality standards, with 33 million more residents exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. Climate change will thus likely increase the costs of compliance with existing ambient ozone standards. In light of a recent EPA ruling that would effectively remove co-benefits of ozone precursor reductions from the cost-benefit analysis of those standards, they will be in peril, further threatening public health.

“Expensive” people: Consumer citizenship and the limits of choice in neoliberal publics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Gent
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Chronic Homelessness ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumer Citizenship ◽  
The Cost

In a context of neoliberalism, decisions made for a “public” good are often articulated as what makes the most financial sense, and citizenship is exercised as a matter of consumer choice. Neoliberal theory positions choice as an unmitigated good, and as universally available when markets are deregulated and goods and services are privatized. Examining rhetorics of choice, however, illuminates the often-invisible power relations that shape choice, and makes visible the ways in which choice is conditioned by inequality. This essay attends to the cost–benefit analysis used to promote the spread of Housing First, an approach to addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. It argues that a neoliberal discourse of choice reconfigures possibilities for rhetorical citizenship by constructing “good” and “bad” consumer citizen subjectivities, constraining agency for “expensive” people while concentrating responsibility for public decision-making among “taxpayers.” These discourses thus limit membership to neoliberal publics to people with access to private resources.

scholarly journals Averting Catastrophes: The Strange Economics of Scylla and Charybdis

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 2947-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. R. Martin ◽  
Robert S. Pindyck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
The Cost

Faced with numerous potential catastrophes—nuclear and bioterrorism, mega-viruses, climate change, and others—which should society attempt to avert? A policy to avert one catastrophe considered in isolation might be evaluated in cost-benefit terms. But because society faces multiple catastrophes, simple cost-benefit analysis fails: even if the benefit of averting each one exceeds the cost, we should not necessarily avert them all. We explore the policy interdependence of catastrophic events, and develop a rule for determining which catastrophes should be averted and which should not. (JEL D61, Q51, Q54)

scholarly journals The Consequences And Public Policy Implications Of Welfare Reform: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of The Welfare Reform Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Adams ◽  
Gbolahan S. Osho ◽  
Crystal D. Hadnott
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Cost

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Welfare reform has been the recurrent subject of heated debate in the United States, culminating in far-reaching legislation in 1996.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Taking the measure of that legislation requires attention both to the broader context of which welfare policy is a part and to the merits of the 1996 law itself.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ultimately, the success or failure of welfare reform, which evoked a great deal of partisan rhetoric, will be assessed on empirical rather than partisan grounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It cannot be determined merely by changes in the size of welfare caseloads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It is crucial to any piece of legislation to analyze the cost in relations to its benefits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Most importantly, we must ask: What has happened to the families and children who have left the welfare system?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 is a successful legislation that needs a little troubleshooting, so it will not be the failed anti-poverty prescription</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Valuing Foreign Lives and Settlements

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David A. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Benefit Analysis

AbstractCost-benefit analysis in the United States for policy and legal purposes traditionally has been highly parochial, excluding not just losses or gains of welfare to non-U.S. residents from a given policy but also excluding any losses or gains in welfare U.S. residents would experience as a result of impacts to foreigners and foreign settlements. In the climate change context, this approach has meant that cost-benefit analyses for the costs of unmitigated climate change to the United States value at zero the losses that U.S. residents will bear as a result of the direct, adverse impacts of climate change to foreign lives and settlements. This article argues that there are sound theoretical reasons to include such welfare losses in a cost-benefit analysis, and that doing so requires going beyond revealed preference data to consider stated preference surveys. The article presents the findings of internet-based surveys that strongly suggest that the implicit assumption of the current approach to cost-benefit analysis in the United States—that U.S. residents value foreign lives and settlements that may be destroyed by climate change at zero—is untenable.

A new approach to measuring legislators’ activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-599
Author(s):  
Osnat Akirav
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Committee Chair ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legislative Activities ◽  
The Cost

How do we measure the activity of legislators? I argue that, in addition to using measures such as how many bills they pass, we must also consider activities such as parliamentary questions, early day motions, motions for the agenda and one-minute speeches. One means for doing so is Akirav’s activity scale developed in Israel. I use this scale to measure legislators’ activity in two additional political systems – the United States and the United Kingdom. I also identify the characteristics shared by the most active legislators and the least active. The findings indicate that opposition, junior and committee chair legislators are more active than other representatives. While previous studies have investigated the cost–benefit analysis in which legislators engage regarding where and how to invest their time in their legislative work, this study is the first to conduct such an analysis about both their legislative and non-legislative activities. This more complete picture reveals their incentives for engaging fully in parliamentary work.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

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