scholarly journals The Consequences And Public Policy Implications Of Welfare Reform: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of The Welfare Reform Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Adams ◽  
Gbolahan S. Osho ◽  
Crystal D. Hadnott
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Cost

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Welfare reform has been the recurrent subject of heated debate in the United States, culminating in far-reaching legislation in 1996.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Taking the measure of that legislation requires attention both to the broader context of which welfare policy is a part and to the merits of the 1996 law itself.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ultimately, the success or failure of welfare reform, which evoked a great deal of partisan rhetoric, will be assessed on empirical rather than partisan grounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It cannot be determined merely by changes in the size of welfare caseloads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It is crucial to any piece of legislation to analyze the cost in relations to its benefits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Most importantly, we must ask: What has happened to the families and children who have left the welfare system?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 is a successful legislation that needs a little troubleshooting, so it will not be the failed anti-poverty prescription</span></span></p>

“Expensive” people: Consumer citizenship and the limits of choice in neoliberal publics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Gent
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Chronic Homelessness ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumer Citizenship ◽  
The Cost

In a context of neoliberalism, decisions made for a “public” good are often articulated as what makes the most financial sense, and citizenship is exercised as a matter of consumer choice. Neoliberal theory positions choice as an unmitigated good, and as universally available when markets are deregulated and goods and services are privatized. Examining rhetorics of choice, however, illuminates the often-invisible power relations that shape choice, and makes visible the ways in which choice is conditioned by inequality. This essay attends to the cost–benefit analysis used to promote the spread of Housing First, an approach to addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. It argues that a neoliberal discourse of choice reconfigures possibilities for rhetorical citizenship by constructing “good” and “bad” consumer citizen subjectivities, constraining agency for “expensive” people while concentrating responsibility for public decision-making among “taxpayers.” These discourses thus limit membership to neoliberal publics to people with access to private resources.

scholarly journals Climate Change Will Unravel Air Quality Regulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bento ◽  
David Adler ◽  
Noah Miller ◽  
Edson Severnini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Using daily data for the United States over the period 1980-2019, we estimate the impacts of temperature on ambient ozone concentrations, accounting for adaptation to climatic change. We find that even with adaptation, rises in temperature will steeply increase ozone levels by over 9 ppb on days above 25◦C. By mid-century, we calculate that 189 additional counties will be violating the air quality standards, with 33 million more residents exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone. Climate change will thus put the ambient ozone standards at risk as the costs of compliance with existing standards will likely increase. In light of a recent EPA ruling that would effectively remove co-benefits from ozone precursor reductions from the cost-benefit analysis of those standards, they will be in peril.

scholarly journals The Cost-Benefit Fallacy: Why Cost-Benefit Analysis Is Broken and How to Fix It

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Bent Flyvbjerg ◽  
Dirk W. Bester
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Most cost-benefit analyses assume that the estimates of costs and benefits are more or less accurate and unbiased. But what if, in reality, estimates are highly inaccurate and biased? Then the assumption that cost-benefit analysis is a rational way to improve resource allocation would be a fallacy. Based on the largest dataset of its kind, we test the assumption that cost and benefit estimates of public investments are accurate and unbiased. We find this is not the case with overwhelming statistical significance. We document the extent of cost overruns, benefit shortfalls, and forecasting bias in public investments. We further assess whether such inaccuracies seriously distort effective resource allocation, which is found to be the case. We explain our findings in behavioral terms and explore their policy implications. Finally, we conclude that cost-benefit analysis of public investments stands in need of reform and we outline four steps to such reform.

A new approach to measuring legislators’ activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-599
Author(s):  
Osnat Akirav
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Committee Chair ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legislative Activities ◽  
The Cost

How do we measure the activity of legislators? I argue that, in addition to using measures such as how many bills they pass, we must also consider activities such as parliamentary questions, early day motions, motions for the agenda and one-minute speeches. One means for doing so is Akirav’s activity scale developed in Israel. I use this scale to measure legislators’ activity in two additional political systems – the United States and the United Kingdom. I also identify the characteristics shared by the most active legislators and the least active. The findings indicate that opposition, junior and committee chair legislators are more active than other representatives. While previous studies have investigated the cost–benefit analysis in which legislators engage regarding where and how to invest their time in their legislative work, this study is the first to conduct such an analysis about both their legislative and non-legislative activities. This more complete picture reveals their incentives for engaging fully in parliamentary work.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Practical Issues and Policy Implications of Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis Through Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-89
Author(s):  
Saungah Sau ◽  
Insun Lim ◽  
Sohyun Woo ◽  
Moonsun Kang ◽  
Ssangeun Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Cost

What's it Worth? Improving Surface Water Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Newsome ◽  
C. D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Many countries are investing in measures to improve surface water quality, but the investment programmes for so doing are increasingly becoming subject to cost-benefit analysis. Whilst the cost of control measures can usually be determined for individual improvement schemes, there are currently no established procedures for valuing the benefits attributable to improved surface water quality. The paper describes a methodology that has been derived that now makes this possible.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Dong Han ◽  
Wang Yeol Lee ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Jayoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

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