scholarly journals Combined Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, Imidacloprid, And Acetamiprid On Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Teng ◽  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Lingfeng Zhou ◽  
Xiaowei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Mixed pesticides have been broadly used in agriculture. However, assessing the combined effects of pesticides in the environment is essential for potential risk assessment, though the task is far from complete. Median lethal concentrations of pesticides as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and cellulose activities were measured in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) individually and jointly exposed to pesticides imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), chlorpyrifos (CRF), and abamectin (ABM)). A 3:1 mixture of CRF and IMI had additive effects, while a 3:1 mixture of CRF and ACE had synergic effects. The joint effects of ABM with IMI or with ACE were synergistic. As CRF concentration increased, AChE activities were significantly decreased. For high concentrations of IMI, AChE activities under combined CRF and IMI applications were significantly inhibited following increased exposure time. Moreover, the cellulase activities under combined applications of CRF with IMI or with ACE had similar effects. This study provides basic data for scientifically evaluating the environmental risk and safety of combined uses of pesticides.

Environmental Risk Assessment: Relation to Mutagenesis, Teratogenesis, and Reproductive Effects

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert S. Omenn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Analytical Work

Effective and efficient assessment of the potential health effects from environmental chemicals requires well-validated tests to identify the toxicity of the chemical and then extensive scientific and analytical work to characterize the potential risk for humans in light of the relative potency of the chemical in test systems, the nature and routes of exposures for humans, and the differences in susceptibility across species and among human population subgroups. Such risk assessment is being applied increasingly for potential carcinogens and is beginning to be applied to mutagenic and teratogenic chemicals. One of the fertile areas for research is the study of mechanisms that may permit us to predict carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic activity of compounds from tests of each of these classes of end-points.

Petroleum Industry Environmental Performance and Risk

2014 ◽  
pp. 358-387
Author(s):  
Lidia Hrncevic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Waste Generation

The petroleum industry holds long- and short-term environmental risks. Besides production fluids, all petroleum industry activities involve either use of fluids, which contain abundant substances, or waste generation, both associated with potential risk to the environment. The principal environmental risk associated with the petroleum industry is the risk of fluid spill/emission to the environment. Although in recent decades the risk analysis methodologies have matured, to date there is still no universally accepted methodology for environmental risk assessment in petroleum industry. In this chapter, the petroleum industry’s environmental incident history and statistics are presented. The environmental impact of the petroleum industry’s activities, its extent, and trends are analyzed. The overview of pollution sources with associated environmental risk is given along with the analysis of the causes and consequences of incidents in the petroleum industry.

scholarly journals Environmental risk assessment of combined effects in aquatic ecotoxicology: A discussion paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonny Beyer ◽  
Karina Petersen ◽  
You Song ◽  
Anders Ruus ◽  
Merete Grung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Aquatic Ecotoxicology ◽  
Discussion Paper

Petroleum Industry Environmental Performance and Risk

2015 ◽  
pp. 32-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Hrncevic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Waste Generation

The petroleum industry holds long- and short-term environmental risks. Besides production fluids, all petroleum industry activities involve either use of fluids, which contain abundant substances, or waste generation, both associated with potential risk to the environment. The principal environmental risk associated with the petroleum industry is the risk of fluid spill/emission to the environment. Although in recent decades the risk analysis methodologies have matured, to date there is still no universally accepted methodology for environmental risk assessment in petroleum industry. In this chapter, the petroleum industry's environmental incident history and statistics are presented. The environmental impact of the petroleum industry's activities, its extent, and trends are analyzed. The overview of pollution sources with associated environmental risk is given along with the analysis of the causes and consequences of incidents in the petroleum industry.

CONCERNING COORDINATION BETWEEN THE GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICE OF ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS DUE TO MULTI-METALLIC EXPOSURES AND THE THEORY OF COMBINED TOXICITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
I. A. Minigalieva ◽  
B. A. Katsnelson ◽  
V. B. Gurvich ◽  
L. I. Privalova ◽  
V. G. Panov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Accepted Practice

Assessment of cumulative health risks associated with the widely observed combined effects of two or more metals and their compounds to the organism has the toxicology of mixtures as its scientific basis although there is no full match between such assessment and this basis though some of the contradictions between them are of a fundamental nature. This state of things may be explained not only by simplifications characteristic of the generally recognized methodology of risk assessment but also by extreme complexity of the theory of combined toxicity, the most essential issues of which are considered by authors on the basis of literary and, mostly, their own previously published data.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land Use in a Typical Estuary Alluvial Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Ting Sun ◽  
Jingling Huang ◽  
Yuying Wu ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Yujing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Land Use Types

Understanding the environmental risks of soil heavy metals (HMs) and identifying their main sources are the essential prerequisites for the prevention and management of soil pollution. Based on a detailed survey of soil HMs (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) from different land use types (including agricultural land, construction land, wetland, and forest land) in an estuary alluvial island, the environmental risk and source apportionment of soil HMs were investigated. Altogether, 117 soil samples were taken in the study area to appraise the soil HMs environmental risk by using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (RI), and human health risk assessment (HRA) and to identify its main sources by using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The average concentrations of soil HMs (except As) surpassed their reference background values in China. There were no significant differenced in the mean concentrations of HMs in different land use types, except that the Hg concentration in the construction land was significantly higher than that in others. The results of Igeo showed that Cd pollution was unpolluted to moderately polluted, and that the others were unpolluted. The potential ecological risk level for Cd and Hg was “moderated potential risk”, while for Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and As was “low potential risk”. Higher contamination was distributed at the west-central area. The results of the HRA indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk and the carcinogenic risk that human beings suffered from HMs in different land uses were insignificant. To more accurately identify the sources of soil HMs, the PMF model coupled with the GIS-spatial analysis was applied. The results showed that agricultural activities, natural source, industrial discharge and river transportation, and atmosphere deposition were the main determining factors for the accumulation of soil HMs in the study area, with the contribution rate of 24.25%, 23.79%, 23.84%, and 28.12%, respectively. The study provides an underlying insight needed to control of the soil HM pollutions for an estuary alluvial island.

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
O. V. Matsneva ◽  
T. M. Khromova ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

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