CONCERNING COORDINATION BETWEEN THE GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICE OF ASSESSING HEALTH RISKS DUE TO MULTI-METALLIC EXPOSURES AND THE THEORY OF COMBINED TOXICITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
I. A. Minigalieva ◽  
B. A. Katsnelson ◽  
V. B. Gurvich ◽  
L. I. Privalova ◽  
V. G. Panov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Accepted Practice

Assessment of cumulative health risks associated with the widely observed combined effects of two or more metals and their compounds to the organism has the toxicology of mixtures as its scientific basis although there is no full match between such assessment and this basis though some of the contradictions between them are of a fundamental nature. This state of things may be explained not only by simplifications characteristic of the generally recognized methodology of risk assessment but also by extreme complexity of the theory of combined toxicity, the most essential issues of which are considered by authors on the basis of literary and, mostly, their own previously published data.

Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater with Carbinol in Gas Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
Peng Kang Jin ◽  
Xing Wang Ning ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Xian Bao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Gas Field

The carbinol in wastewater from inhalation and direct contact present more risk to human health, as well as cause hazard to ecological environment through waste water emission directly and soil infiltration. In this paper, health risk assessment of wastewater with carbinol in gas field is performed using mathematical models of non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. The results show that the non-carcinogenic health risks caused by wastewater with carbinol are in the range of 6.33×10-5 to 9.20×10-5, which are much higher than the acceptable risk level 7.00×10-5. Through the calculation of the threshold of the carbinol concentration in the wastewater, the carbinol concentration in the wastewater is less than 24500mg/L, not on human body risks. However, the carbinol concentration in the wastewater is much than 24500mg/L, it is a health risk to human body, which provides the scientific basis for the prevention and mitigation of wastewater with carbinol health risks.

scholarly journals Effects of inorganic anions on the photolysis of triclosan under UV irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Cheng Qian ◽  
Yuchen He
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Inorganic Anions ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Transformation Pathway

Abstract Triclosan is a widely used antimicrobial agent and may pose health risks to many aquatic organisms. Photodegradation is an important transformation pathway for triclosan, but studies on the effects of inorganic anions on photodegradation of triclosan are limited. In the present study, the single and combined effects of NO3−, Cl− and HCO3− on the photolysis of triclosan in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation was evaluated. The results showed that photodegradation of triclosan was inhibited by NO3− and promoted by HCO3−, while no significant effect was observed with Cl−. When Cl− was added to NO3−, no effect was observed, but the addition of Cl− hindered the promotion effect of HCO3−. The coexistence of NO3−, Cl− and HCO3− inhibited the photolysis of triclosan. These results showed the complex effects of inorganic anions in the photolysis of triclosan and provide useful information for an accurate ecological risk assessment of triclosan in natural waters. It will also help to develop appropriate treatment ways of triclosan.

Deoxynivalenol: toxicological profiles and perspective views for future research

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
H. Zhou ◽  
T. Guog ◽  
H. Dai ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Current State

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite mainly produced by the fungi Fusarium in agricultural crops, widely existing in feeds and cereal-based foodstuffs. Because of the high occurrence and potentials to induce a variety of toxic effects on animals and humans, DON has been a very harmful exogenous dietary toxicant threating public health. The focus of this review is to summarise the DON-induced broad spectrum of adverse health effects, to probe the current state of knowledge of combined toxicity of DON with other mycotoxins and its derivatives, and to put forward prospective ideas that multi-generational toxicity of DON and its overall impacts on intestinal-immuno-neuroendocrine system could receive more attention in future investigations. The general aim is to provide a scientific basis for the necessity to re-consider risk-assessment and regulations.

scholarly journals Combined Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, Imidacloprid, And Acetamiprid On Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Teng ◽  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Lingfeng Zhou ◽  
Xiaowei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Mixed pesticides have been broadly used in agriculture. However, assessing the combined effects of pesticides in the environment is essential for potential risk assessment, though the task is far from complete. Median lethal concentrations of pesticides as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and cellulose activities were measured in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) individually and jointly exposed to pesticides imidacloprid (IMI), acetamiprid (ACE), chlorpyrifos (CRF), and abamectin (ABM)). A 3:1 mixture of CRF and IMI had additive effects, while a 3:1 mixture of CRF and ACE had synergic effects. The joint effects of ABM with IMI or with ACE were synergistic. As CRF concentration increased, AChE activities were significantly decreased. For high concentrations of IMI, AChE activities under combined CRF and IMI applications were significantly inhibited following increased exposure time. Moreover, the cellulase activities under combined applications of CRF with IMI or with ACE had similar effects. This study provides basic data for scientifically evaluating the environmental risk and safety of combined uses of pesticides.

An Estimation of Endogenous Formaldehyde Exposure due to Consumption of Indonesian Opah Fish (Lampris guttatus) in Three Major Export Destination Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Anissah ◽  
Ajeng Kurniasari Putri ◽  
Giri Rohmad Barokah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
International Market ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Formaldehyde Exposure ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Over Time

The demand for Indonesian opah fish as an export product is increasing in the international market. Three countries (Malaysia, Mauritius, and Taiwan) recorded as the leading export destination of Indonesian opah fish. However, as the fish kept in a frozen state during export transportation, the endogenous formaldehyde may increase over time. This research presented the health risk assessment of population in the leading export destination countries that consumed opah fish from Indonesia. The study aimed to reveal the most potential export destination country that may accept an increasing volume of opah fish supply from Indonesia. The potency was determined from current export volume, the amount of endogenous formaldehyde content, and fish consumption at each country. The data were calculated with @Risk®7.0 software. The results showed opah fish consumed by Malaysian can be categorized as safe. Increasing the number of opah fish imported by Malaysian as much as six times, 12 times, 18 times, 27 and 36 times relatively does not cause health risks related to the presence of its endogenous formaldehyde. Moreover, opah fish consumed by Taiwanese is also safe, but with increasing the number of consumptions by more than 26 times is suspected to be potentially causing a health problem. However, opah fish consumed in Mauritius was categorized as unsafe and potentially caused health risks. Based on these results, Indonesia may consider to increase the opah fish export to Malaysia and Taiwan in the future.

Exploration Health Risks: Probabalistic Risk Assessment

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Rhatigan ◽  
John B. Charles ◽  
J. Michelle Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks

Housing and Health Transition in Thailand

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
S. Friel ◽  
A. J. McMichael ◽  
T. Kjellstrom ◽  
T. Prapamontol
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Health Transition ◽  
Epidemiologic Transition ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Negative Dimension

Abstract Over the past half-century, Thailand's health profile has been undergoiog an epidemiologic transition in association with various fundamental societal changes, shifting from one with a predominant burden of communicable disease to one in which noncommunicable diseases and accidents now predominate. The primary question is why have the disease rates in the Thai population changed? Answering this question requires an examination of the underlying transitions in social and contextual factors. This paper explores, using published data, how housing conditions, as one set of environmental health risks, have undergone transition in recent years and how this change maps on the health-transition process. A combination of economic development, urbanization, modernization, and increased health literacy resulted in a range of health-protecting changes in housing design and materials. Pre-eminent among such changes are improvements in household sanitation and in equipment, ventilation, and fuel pertaining to indoor cooking and heating. In tropical countries like Thailand, gains have been made in mosquito-proofing houses and in minimizing open pools of water to combat the risks of malaria, dengue fever, and other mosquito-borne infections. Meanwhile, the growth in shantytown and slum housing around the urban fringe, often in precarious environmental settings, introduced a negative dimension to the evolving profile of housing-related health risks, whereas the urban sprawl of modern residences creates health risks that are due to traffic crashes and the lack of walking in daily transport.

scholarly journals Frequency and Prioritization of Patient Health Risks from a Structured Health Risk Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Phillips ◽  
R. E. Glasgow ◽  
G. Bello ◽  
M. G. Ory ◽  
B. A. Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Patient Health

Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Fish Species Oreochromis Niloticus and Clarias Gariepinus from Sharqia Province, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nahla S El-Shenawy ◽  
Heba N Gad EL-Hak ◽  
Mahi A Ghobashy ◽  
Maha FM Soliman ◽  
Farida A Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Potential Health

Accumulation of heavy metals in fish is considered a critical problem for human health. Therefore, the study aimed to quantify the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from two areas in Al Sharqia governorate, Egypt, from September 2017 to August 2018. A human health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the potential hazards associated with fish consumption. Metals concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in muscles of catfish ranged 1.88-221.26 for Fe; 1.78-19.77 for Zn; BDL-238.51 for Mn; BDL-22.75 for Pb. In muscles of tilapia fish metals concentrations ranged 7.96-149.10 for Fe; 1.20-19.77 for Zn; BDL-230.82 for Mn; BDL-25.93 for Pb. Pb had Hazard quotients (HQs) which indicated potential health risks to tilapia consumers at both study areas and catfish consumers at the Faqous area. Fishermen were at higher risk compared to the other consumers.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring and Subsequent Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Phthalates in Iranian Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Zare Jeddi ◽  
Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji ◽  
Ivonne Rietjens ◽  
Jochem Louisse ◽  
Yuri Bruinen de Bruin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Iranian Children

This study aimed to estimate the exposure and related health risks of phthalates, and to assess the health risks from combined exposure to three of the phthalates sharing the same mode of action (anti-androgenicity) in children. We determined the internal exposure of 56 Iranian children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years by analyzing seven urinary metabolites of five phthalates. The estimated daily intake values derived from the biomonitoring data ranged from 0.01 µg/kg bw/day for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), to 17.85 µg/kg bw/day for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The risk assessment revealed that not only the exposure to the individual phthalates, but also the combined exposure to the three anti-androgenic phthalates (DEHP, DBP, BBP) did not raise a safety concern (hazard index values averaged 0.2). The range of maximum cumulative ratio values varied from around 1 for most individuals to around 2 in some individuals, indicating that the combined exposures were dominated by one and in some cases by two of the three anti-androgenic phthalates, especially dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and/or DEHP. Based on biomonitoring data, the overall combined exposure of Iranian children to phthalates does not raise a concern, while reduction of exposure is best focused on DEHP and DBP that showed the highest hazard quotient.

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