scholarly journals Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle/Metabolic Responses To Resistance Exercise Training in South Asian and White European Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alkhayl ◽  
Ahmad Ismail ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Aleksandra Radjenovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Free Living

Abstract PurposeThe aims of the current study, therefore, were to compare 1) free-living MPS and 2) muscle and metabolic adaptations to resistance exercise in South Asian and white European adults.MethodsEighteen South Asian and 16 White European men were enrolled in the study. Free-living muscle protein synthesis was measured at baseline. Muscle strength, body composition, resting metabolic rate, VO2max and metabolic responses (insulin sensitivity) to a mixed meal were measured at baseline and following 12 weeks of resistance exercise training. Results Free-living muscle protein synthesis was not different between South Asians (1.48 ± 0.09 %/day) and White Europeans (1.59 ± 0.15 %/day) (p=0.522). In response to resistance exercise training there were no differences, between South Asians and White Europeans, muscle mass, lower body strength or insulin sensitivity. However, there were differences between the ethnicities in response to resistance exercise training in body fat, resting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood pressure, VO2max and upper body strength with responses less favourable in South Asians. ConclusionIn this exploratory study there were no differences in muscle protein synthesis or anabolic and metabolic responses to resistance exercise, yet there were less favourable responses in several outcomes. These findings require further investigation.

Cumulative responses of muscle protein synthesis are augmented with chronic resistance exercise training

2010 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Gasier ◽  
S. E. Riechman ◽  
M. P. Wiggs ◽  
A. Buentello ◽  
S. F. Previs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training

scholarly journals Resistance exercise training increases mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in frail women and men ≥76 yr old

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. E118-E125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Yarasheski ◽  
Jina Pak-Loduca ◽  
Debbie L. Hasten ◽  
Kathleen A. Obert ◽  
Mary Beth Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training

Muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) in the elderly is associated with a reduced rate of muscle protein synthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine if weight-lifting exercise increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in physically frail 76- to 92-yr-old women and men. Eight women and 4 men with mild to moderate physical frailty were enrolled in a 3-mo physical therapy program that was followed by 3 mo of supervised weight-lifting exercise. Supervised weight-lifting exercise was performed 3 days/wk at 65–100% of initial 1-repetition maximum on five upper and three lower body exercises. Compared with before resistance training, the in vivo incorporation rate of [13C]leucine into vastus lateralis muscle protein was increased after resistance training in women and men ( P < 0.01), although it was unchanged in five 82 ± 2-yr-old control subjects studied two times in 3 mo. Maximum voluntary knee extensor muscle torque production increased in the supervised resistance exercise group. These findings suggest that muscle contractile protein synthetic pathways in physically frail 76- to 92-yr-old women and men respond and adapt to the increased contractile activity associated with progressive resistance exercise training.

Acute effects of resistance exercise on muscle protein synthesis rate in young and elderly men and women

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. E210-E214 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Yarasheski ◽  
J. J. Zachwieja ◽  
D. M. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training

Muscle mass and function are improved in the elderly during resistance exercise training. These improvements must result from alterations in the rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. We determined the rate of quadriceps muscle protein synthesis using the in vivo rate of incorporation of intravenously infused [13C]leucine into mixed-muscle protein in both young (24 yr) and elderly (63-66 yr) men and women before and at the end of 2 wk of resistance exercise training. Before training, the fractional rate of muscle protein synthesis was lower in the elderly than in the young (0.030 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.049 +/- 0.004%/h; P = 0.004) but increased (P < 0.03) to a comparable rate of muscle protein synthesis in both young (0.075 +/- 0.009%/h) and elderly subjects (0.076 +/- 0.011%/h) after 2 wk of exercise. In the elderly, muscle mass, 24-h urinary 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretion, and whole body protein breakdown rate determined during the [13C]leucine infusion were not changed after 2 wk of exercise. These findings demonstrate that, during the initial phase of a resistance exercise training program, a marked increase in quadriceps muscle protein synthesis rate occurs in elderly and young adults without an increase in the rate of whole body protein breakdown. In the elderly, this was not accompanied by an increase in urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, an index of myofibrillar protein breakdown.

scholarly journals Daily resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis in vivo in young men

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Holwerda ◽  
Kevin J. M. Paulussen ◽  
Maarten Overkamp ◽  
Joey S. J. Smeets ◽  
Annemie P. Gijsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Deuterated Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Resistance-type exercise increases muscle protein synthesis rates during acute postexercise recovery. The impact of resistance-type exercise training on (local) muscle protein synthesis rates under free-living conditions on a day-to-day basis remains unclear. We determined the impact of daily unilateral resistance-type exercise on local myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during a 3-day period. Twelve healthy young men (22 ± 1 yr) were recruited to participate in this study where they performed daily, unilateral resistance-type exercise during a 3-day intervention period. Two days before the exercise training subjects ingested 400 ml deuterated water (2H2O). Additional 50-ml doses of deuterated water were ingested daily during the training period. Saliva and blood samples were collected daily to assess body water and amino acid precursor deuterium enrichments, respectively. Muscle tissue biopsies were collected before and after the 3 days of unilateral resistance-type exercise training from both the exercised and the nonexercised, control leg for the assessment of muscle protein synthesis rates. Deuterated water dosing resulted in a steady-state body water enrichment of 0.70 ± 0.03%. Intramuscular free [2H]alanine enrichment increased up to 1.84 ± 0.06 mole percent excess (MPE) before the exercise training and did not change in both the exercised and control leg during the 3 subsequent exercise training days (2.11 ± 0.11 and 2.19 ± 0.12 MPE, respectively; P > 0.05). Muscle protein synthesis rates averaged 1.984 ± 0.118 and 1.642 ± 0.089%/day in the exercised vs. nonexercised, control leg when assessed over the entire 3-day period ( P < 0.05). Daily resistance-type exercise stimulates (local) muscle protein synthesis in vivo in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that daily resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans over multiple days. Whereas acute studies have shown that resistance-type exercise increases muscle protein synthesis rates by 50–100%, we observed a lower impact of resistance-type exercise under free-living conditions. We also compared precursor tracer selection for the calculation of muscle protein synthesis rates and observed that saliva deuterium enrichment serves as an appropriate and practical choice of precursor.

Resistance exercise and nutrition to counteract muscle wasting

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Highly Effective

Loss of muscle mass is an unfavourable consequence of aging and many chronic diseases. The debilitating effects of muscle loss include declines in physical function and quality of life and increases in morbidity and mortality. Loss of muscle mass is the result of a decrease in muscle protein synthesis, an increase in muscle protein degradation, or a combination of both. Much research on muscle wasting has tended to focus on preventing muscle protein breakdown, and less attention has been paid to providing adequate stimulation to increase muscle protein synthesis. In this review, we present evidence to suggest that interventions aimed at increasing muscle protein synthesis represent the most effective countermeasure for preventing, delaying, or reversing the loss of skeletal muscle mass experienced in various muscle wasting conditions. Based on results from acute and chronic studies in humans in a wide variety of wasting conditions, we propose that resistance exercise training combined with appropriately timed protein (likely leucine-rich) ingestion represents a highly effective means to promote muscle hypertrophy, and may represent a highly effective treatment strategy to counteract the muscle wasting tassociated with aging and chronic disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Ingested Beef Quantity on Daily Muscle Protein Synthesis During Resistance Training in Middle-aged Adults (P08-068-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen McKenna ◽  
Amadeo Salvador ◽  
Rafael Alamilla ◽  
Susannah Scaroni ◽  
Annabelle Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives High protein diets (>1.6 g/kg/d) are thought to maximize daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates to resistance exercise training. Current research has focused on isolated protein sources to stimulate MPS disregarding other nutritional factors within a healthy diet. Therefore, we examined the impact of dietary counseling underlining food-focused healthy eating patterns equally distributing protein through high-quality sources at the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or in excess on resistance exercise mediated daily rates of MPS in middle-aged adults. Methods Nineteen healthy middle-aged adults (11 M, 8F, 48 ± 7 y, BMI: 28.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, 7451 ± 4957 steps/d) were randomized to consume protein at the RDA (0.8–1.0 g/kg/d, n = 10) or twice the RDA (2 × RDA, 1.6–1.8 g/kg/d, n = 9) for 2 weeks. Participants were counseled to equally distribute protein between meals and consumed either 15 g (RDA) or 30 g (2 × RDA) protein from lean beef in immediately post-exercise and nightly. Week 0 (−7 to 0 d) served as a dietary habituation, and week 1 (1–8 d) included whole body resistance exercise sessions (3/wk) with the dietary intervention. On 0 d, participants ingested 5 mL/kg over 10.5 h of deuterated water (2H2O) for deuterium enrichment of body water, with maintenance daily doses of 0.625 mL/kg/d 2H2O for days 1–8. Repeated saliva and muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected throughout the 1-week intervention to assess daily rates of MPS. Results The 2 × RDA group (1.6 ± 0.4 g/kg/d) consumed significantly more protein than the RDA group (1.0 ± 0.4 g/kg/d, P = 0.01). Steady-state body water enrichment was not different (P = 0.94) between the 2 × RDA (0.9 ± 0.3%) or RDA (0.9 ± 0.1%) groups. Daily MPS was not different (P = 0.43) between RDA (0.91 ± 0.2%/d) and 2 × RDA groups (1.13 ± 0.6%/d) during the 1-week intervention. Conclusions Daily MPS with resistance exercise training is not altered by a more protein-dense diet when at least the RDA is consumed in middle-aged adults. Our data suggest that multi-component nutritional strategies focusing on protein quality, distribution, and timing may supersede the importance of only considering total quantity to support early hypertrophic protein remodeling with resistance exercise. Funding Sources This work was supported by funds provided by the National Cattleman's Beef Association.

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