Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Effect of Nitric Oxide on the Lateral Root Development and Growth of Mangrove Plant Kandelia Obovata

Abstract Background and aims Kandelia obovata, a dominant mangrove species in China, produces complex buttress roots and prop roots in intertidal wetlands where high quantities of nitric oxide (NO) are produced by reducing sediments. NO, a key signaling molecule, participates in an array of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, it is unclear whether NO functions in K. obovata root system establishment. Methods Here, we used a transcriptomic approach to investigate the potential role of NO in the regulation of K. obovata lateral root development and growth. Transcript profiles and bioinformatics analyses were used to characterize potential regulatory mechanisms. Results NO enhanced K. obovata lateral root development and growth in a dose-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis identiﬁed 1,593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 646 and 947 were up- and down-regulated in roots treated with NO donor. Functional annotation analysis demonstrated that the starch and sucrose pathway was significantly induced in response to NO. A suite of DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction and cell wall metabolism was also differentially regulated by NO. Taken together, our results suggest that a complex interaction between energy metabolism, multiple hormone signaling pathways, and cell wall biosynthesis is required for the NO regulation on lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant K. obovata. Conclusion NO appears to contribute to the formation of the unique root system of mangrove plants.

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Unraveling hydrogen sulfide-promoted lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata: Insight into regulatory mechanism by TMT-based quantitative proteomic approaches

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpab025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Li ◽

Kabir Ghoto ◽

Ming-Yue Wei ◽

Chang-Hao Gao ◽

Yi-Ling Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Root System ◽

Root Development ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Functional Enrichment ◽

Kandelia Obovata ◽

Mangrove Plant ◽

Lateral Root Development ◽

Associated Proteins

Abstract Mangroves are the main intertidal ecosystems with varieties of root types along the tropical and subtropical coastlines around the world. The typical characteristics of mangrove habitats, including the abundant organic matter and nutrients, as well as the strong reductive environment, are favor for the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, as a pivotal signaling molecule, has been evidenced in a wide variety of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, whether H2S functions in the mangrove root system establishment is not clear yet. Here, we reported the possible role of H2S in regulation of Kandelia obovata root development and growth by TMT-based quantitative proteomic approaches coupled with bioinformatic methods. The results showed that H2S could induce the root morphogenesis of K. obovata in a dose-dependent manner. The proteomic results successfully identified 8,075 proteins, and 697 were determined as differentially expressed proteins. Based on the functional enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that H2S could promote the lateral root development and growth by predominantly regulating the proteins associated with carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other antioxidant associated proteins. In addition, transcriptional regulation and brassinosteroid signal transduction associated proteins also act as important roles in lateral root development. The protein–protein interaction analysis further unravels a complicated regulation network of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular redox homeostasis, protein metabolism, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in H2S-promoted root development and growth of K. obovata. Overall, our results revealed that H2S could contribute to the morphogenesis of the unique root system of mangrove plant K. obovata, and play a positive role in the adaption of mangrove plants to intertidal habitats.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A kinetic analysis of the auxin transcriptome reveals cell wall remodeling proteins that modulate lateral root development in Arabidopsis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718114161.793484417 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Keith Davis

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Kinetic Analysis ◽

Root Development ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Lateral Root Development ◽

Cell Wall Remodeling

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Lateral root formation and nutrients: nitrogen in the spotlight

Plant Physiology ◽

10.1093/plphys/kiab145 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier ◽

Hans Motte ◽

Tom Beeckman

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Root System ◽

Root Development ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Root Formation ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Lateral Root Formation ◽

Lateral Root Development

Abstract Lateral roots are important to forage for nutrients due to their ability to increase the uptake area of a root system. Hence, it comes as no surprise that lateral root formation is affected by nutrients or nutrient starvation, and as such contributes to the root system plasticity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating root adaptation dynamics towards nutrient availability is useful to optimize plant nutrient use efficiency. There is at present a profound, though still evolving, knowledge on lateral root pathways. Here, we aimed to review the intersection with nutrient signaling pathways to give an update on the regulation of lateral root development by nutrients, with a particular focus on nitrogen. Remarkably, it is for most nutrients not clear how lateral root formation is controlled. Only for nitrogen, one of the most dominant nutrients in the control of lateral root formation, the crosstalk with multiple key signals determining lateral root development is clearly shown. In this update, we first present a general overview of the current knowledge of how nutrients affect lateral root formation, followed by a deeper discussion on how nitrogen signaling pathways act on different lateral root-mediating mechanisms for which multiple recent studies yield insights.

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Development of Root Architecture in Thirty-seven Tree Species of Field Grown Nursery Stock1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-38.4.143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 143-148

Author(s):

G. W. Watson ◽

A.M. Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Root Development ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Root Architecture ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Lateral Root Development ◽

Nursery Production ◽

One Year

Abstract The number and size of lateral roots of a tree seedling can be evaluated visually, and could potentially be used to select plants with better root systems early in nursery production. To evaluate how root architecture develops in young trees, root architecture of 37 species of trees was compared at two stages of development: as harvested seedlings, and then one year after replanting. The total number of lateral roots and the number of roots >2mm (0.08 in) diameter that were present on the portion of the taproot remaining on seedlings after standard root pruning were recorded. Neither could consistently predict the number of lateral roots on the root system one year after replanting. Development of roots (sum of diameters) regenerated from the cut end of the seedling taproot was equal or greater than lateral root development in 84 percent of evaluated species. Even when regenerated root development was significantly less than lateral root development, the regenerated roots still comprised up to 44 percent of the root system. Regenerated roots from the cut end of the taproot can become a major component of the architecture of the structural root system in nursery stock. Index words: structural roots, nursery production, root regeneration. Species used in this study: European black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), European white birch. (Betula pendula Roth), river birch (Betula nigra L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm.), Mazzard cherry [Prunus avium [L.) L.], chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), American elm (Ulmus americana L.), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumilia L.), goldenchain tree (Laburnum anagyroides Medik.), northern hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), Cockspur hawthorn (Crateagus crus-galli L.), single seed hawthorn (Crateagus monogyna Jacq.), honeylocust (Gleditsia tricanthos L.), Japanese pagodatree [Sophora japonica (L.) Schott], Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc.), Kentucky coffee tree [Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch], littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), boxelder (Acer negundo L.), hedge maple (Acer campestre L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), English Oak (Quercus robur L.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), Siberian peashrub (Caragana arborescens Lam.), American plum (Prunus Americana Marshall ), Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.), redbud (Cercis Canadensis L.), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifoliaI L.), tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino).

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