Production of a Recombinant E. coli Expressed Malarial Vaccine from the C-Terminal Fragment of Plasmodium Falciparum 3D7 Merozoite Surface Protein-1

ABSTRACT Protection against Plasmodium falciparum can be induced by vaccination in animal models with merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), which makes this protein an attractive vaccine candidate for malaria. In an attempt to produce a product that is easily scaleable and inexpensive, we expressed the C-terminal 42 kDa of MSP1 (MSP142) in Escherichia coli, refolded the protein to its native form from insoluble inclusion bodies, and tested its ability to elicit antibodies with in vitro and in vivo activities. Biochemical, biophysical, and immunological characterization confirmed that refolded E. coli MSP142 was homogeneous and highly immunogenic. In a formulation suitable for human use, rabbit antibodies were raised against refolded E. coli MSP142 and tested in vitro in a P. falciparum growth invasion assay. The antibodies inhibited the growth of parasites expressing either homologous or heterologous forms of P. falciparum MSP142. However, the inhibitory activity was primarily a consequence of antibodies directed against the C- terminal 19 kDa of MSP1 (MSP119). Vaccination of nonhuman primates with E. coli MSP142 in Freund's adjuvant protected six of seven Aotus monkeys from virulent infection with P. falciparum. The protection correlated with antibody-dependent mechanisms. Thus, this new construct, E. coli MSP142, is a viable candidate for human vaccine trials.

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The Clinical-Grade 42-Kilodalton Fragment of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum Strain FVO Expressed in Escherichia coli Protects Aotus nancymai against Challenge with Homologous Erythrocytic-Stage Parasites

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.73.1.287-297.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 287-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Christian A. Darko ◽

Evelina Angov ◽

William E. Collins ◽

Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner ◽

Autumn S. Girouard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Merozoite Surface Protein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Clinical Grade ◽

Erythrocytic Stage ◽

Malaria Parasites ◽

E Coli ◽

Merozoite Surface Protein 1

ABSTRACT A 42-kDa fragment from the C terminus of major merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is among the leading malaria vaccine candidates that target infection by asexual erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The MSP142 gene fragment from the Vietnam-Oak Knoll (FVO) strain of Plasmodium falciparum was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli and purified according to good manufacturing practices. This clinical-grade recombinant protein retained some important elements of correct structure, as it was reactive with several functional, conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies raised against P. falciparum malaria parasites, it induced antibodies (Abs) that were reactive to parasites in immunofluorescent Ab tests, and it induced strong growth and invasion inhibitory antisera in New Zealand White rabbits. The antigen quality was further evaluated by vaccinating Aotus nancymai monkeys and challenging them with homologous P. falciparum FVO erythrocytic-stage malaria parasites. The trial included two control groups, one vaccinated with the sexual-stage-specific antigen of Plasmodium vivax, Pvs25, as a negative control, and the other vaccinated with baculovirus-expressed MSP142 (FVO) as a positive control. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Ab titers induced by E. coli MSP142 were significantly higher than those induced by the baculovirus-expressed antigen. None of the six monkeys that were vaccinated with the E. coli MSP142 antigen required treatment for uncontrolled parasitemia, but two required treatment for anemia. Protective immunity in these monkeys correlated with the ELISA Ab titer against the p19 fragment and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain 2 fragment of MSP142, but not the MSP142 protein itself or the EGF-like domain 1 fragment. Soluble MSP142 (FVO) expressed in E. coli offers excellent promise as a component of a vaccine against erythrocytic-stage falciparum malaria.

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