scholarly journals SCREENING OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS IN VITRO TO PRODUCE INSECT RESISTANT PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112e-1112
Author(s):  
Masood Hadi ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Callus cultures of Torenia fournieri `Compacta Blue' were initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog salt medium (MS) with 2.26 uM 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid. Shoots were regenerated from these cultures using the MS medium amended with 2.46 uM 3-indolebutyric acid and 8.88 uM 6-benzylaminopurine. These shoots were subjected to Tetranychus urticae Koch (twospotted spidermite) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (greenhouse whitefly) in vitro. Pests were allowed to feed until such time that the pest population started to decrease due to lack of food. Remaining shoot tissue was placed on MS medium amended with 2.28 uM zeatin to -induce shoot formation. Shoots were acclimated to greenhouse conditions and evaluated for resistance to the pest to which they were subjected in vitro. Highly significant differences in pest numbers were found in somaclones when compared to control plants. A wide range of variability was observed within the somaclonal population.

scholarly journals Development of Insect-tolerant Plants with Somaclonal Variation

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 695c-695
Author(s):  
Mark Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

The potential value of somaclonal variation for economically important plants is well-documented. The process of somaclonal variation can arise from a controlled or a random source of variation. Variability can be obtained by applying cellular pressures and selection. Valuable resistance to diseases and nematodes has already been accomplished with somaclonal variation; now, plant tolerance to pests has been realized. Tetranychus urticae, the two-spotted spidermite, and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly, were disinfected and introduced to aseptic shoot cultures of Torenia fournieri. These pests were allowed to feed until such time that their populations decreased due to the absence of food. The plant cells that remained after feeding were induced to form adventitious shoots and plantlets. These regenerated plantlets were acclimated to greenhouse conditions and evaluated for tolerance to the pest to which they were subjected in vitro. Highly significant differences were found in somaclones for both the two-spotted spidermite and greenhouse whitefly when compared to control plants. A wide range of variability was observed among the somaclonal population. There were significantly fewer mite eggs laid on plants regenerated from in vitro cultures screened with two-spotted spidermites than on seed-sown controls. Regenerants from cultures screened with whiteflies in vitro had fewer eggs, immatures and live adults than controls. The potential for somaclonal variation to be used as a method to develop insect resistant plants will be discussed.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youping Sun ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
John Smagula
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid

Nodal segments containing one axillary bud (1 to 1.5 cm) were disinfected using 10% bleach and were established on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without hormones at 27 °C and with a 16-h photoperiod. The sprouted shoots (≈1.0 cm) were cultured on a MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), or zeatin (ZT) at 2.3, 4.5, 9.1, or 18.2 μM. After 38 d, ZT and BAP significantly induced multiple shoot formation with multiplication rates of 4 to 6, whereas the multiplication rate of KIN was less than 2. Shoots cultured on ZT grew significantly taller than those on BAP and KIN. The height of the longest shoots treated with ZT was 4.6 cm, which was 1.6 to 2.2 times greater than those treated with BAP or KIN. To induce rooting, shoots (≈2 cm) were subcultured on one-fourth strength MS (1/4 MS) medium containing either 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) at 2.6, 5.1, or 10.3 μM. Adventitious roots formed in vitro after 2 to 4 weeks. IBA at 10.3 μM produced the best rooting (100%) compared with other treatments after 38 d of culture. The average number of roots per shoot for IBA was ≈15, which was 1.6 to 3.1 times as many as that of other treatments. All rooted plantlets were then transplanted into a mix of peatmoss and perlite (1:1 v/v) and acclimatized in a mist system. Average plantlet survival was 73.6% after 35 d. After acclimatization, they were grown in a pot with Metro-mix under greenhouse conditions for 10 weeks where 95% of plants survived and grew up to 6.8 cm high. The micropropagation procedure, i.e., nodal segments containing one axillary bud proliferated on MS with 4.5 μM ZT followed by in vitro rooting on 1/4 MS plus 10.3 μM IBA, could be used for commercial mass production of new inkberry cultivars.

scholarly journals Establishment of Cell Suspension Culture and Plant Regeneration in Abrus precatorius L., a Rare Medicinal Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Serajur RAHMAN ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Bari MIAH ◽  
Mohammad Shahadat HOSSAIN ◽  
Ahmad Humayan KABIR ◽  
Mohammad Motiur RAHMAN
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Isolated Cell

A new protocol has been developed for cell culture and in vitro regeneration of Abrus precatorius that holds enormous potentiality for preparation of medicines. In vitro grown calli were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid media in agitated condition fortified with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine. Growth curve of cells revealed that the cells continued to grow until 12 days of culture and got the highest peak from day 6-8. Isolated cell was found to produce highest 8.2% calli when suspended on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. Callus derived from single cell produced highest number of embryo (25-28%) cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. The bipolar embryos were selected and optimum shoot formation was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. The optimum root induction was noticed in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 3-Indolebutyric acid. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to potting soil and acclimatized to outdoor conditions.

scholarly journals MICROPROPAGATION OF THE HAZELNUT, CORYLUS AVELLANA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100d-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla V. Bassil ◽  
B.J. Rebhuhn ◽  
David W.S. Mok ◽  
Machteld C. Mok
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

Development of optimum protocols for micropropagation of C. avellana is particularly important due to the threat of Eastern Filbert Blight and the need for rapid increase of resistant varieties and advanced selections. Therefore, efforts were directed at in vitro establishment, multiplication and rooting, starting with buds from mature trees. The frequency of shoot formation from buds was highest in August but varied with the genotype. Medium containing high Ca levels was more effective in preventing bud necrosis than MS medium. Multiplication rates of 4-7 new shoots/propagule were obtained over a 6-week culture period. Rooting of some genotypes could be accomplished by inclusion of 1 or 3 μM β- indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the medium. Other genotypes responded better to a dip of shoot bases in 1-10 mM IBA for 10 sec., followed by a passage on auxin-free medium. Large numbers of healthy plantlets have been produced for transfer to soil.

scholarly journals An Efficient Protocol for High-frequency Direct Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Internodes of Peppermint (Mentha x piperita)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501
Author(s):  
Sanjog T. Thul ◽  
Arun K. Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mentha X Piperita ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Multiple Shoot Regeneration

A simple, repeatable and efficient protocol for direct multiple shoot regeneration from internodal explants has been defined in peppermint ( Mentha x piperita var. Indus). In vitro regenerated shoots of peppermint were excised into 4 to 8 mm long internodes and cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with different cytokinins. In the hormonal assay, 3.0 mg L-l zeatin or 6-isopentenyl adenine independently supplemented to half strength MS medium exhibited multiple shoot regeneration, while thiaduzorn (0.1-3.0 mg L−1) showed no morphogenetic effect. A maximum of 85% in vitro cultured explants showed multiple shoot formation with an average of 7 shoots per explant on MS medium supplemented with zeatin. Multiple shoots were initiated within three weeks of cultivation. Internodes with regenerated multiple shoots were transferred to half - strength MS medium without supplementing with any plant growth hormone for shoot elongation and rhizogenesis. Rooted plants acclimatized and grew to maturity under glasshouse conditions. The plantlets developed were phenotypically identical to the parent plant and exhibited 96 % survival.

scholarly journals In vitro Flowering of Shoots Regenerated from Cultured Nodal Explants

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantamaht KANCHANAPOOM ◽  
Suttinee JINGJIT ◽  
Kamnoon KANCHANAPOOM
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Initial Culture

A protocol for the regeneration of Gypsophila paniculata L. using nodal explants from 2-month-old field grown plants was established. The induction of multiple shoots was best obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM BA. Callus growth was observed on MS medium containing 44.3 μM BA. Calluses were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (4.5, 13.5, 22.6 μM), NAA (5.3, 16.1, 26.8 μM) or BA (4.4, 13.3, 22.1 μM) for 2 months to induce shoot formation. After 6 weeks of initial culture, multiple shoots were regenerated from calluses cultured on MS medium supplemented with 13.3 μM BA. All regenerated shoots produced roots on 16.1 μM NAA containing MS medium within 4 weeks. Rooted plantlets were hardened and established in pots at 100% survival. For induction of in vitro flowering, regenerated shoots could be induced to flower efficiently when cultured on MS medium containing 13.3 μM BA and 50 g/l sucrose.

scholarly journals In vitro Shoot Cultures of Tupistra albiflora K. Larsen

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Jiraporn PALEE
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Shoots

To evaluate an efficient protocol for the micropropagation of Tupistra albiflora K. Larsen, the effects of N6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentrations on multiple shoot and root induction were examined. In vitro shoots were used as the explant materials which were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L BA for 4 weeks to induce multiple shoots. It was found that the MS medium containing 3 mg/L BA induced 100 % shoot formation with the highest number of 3.2 shoots per explant (2.4-fold significantly higher than the control). For root induction, in vitro shoots were cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L NAA for 8 weeks. The results showed that the MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA induced 100 % root formation with the highest number of 6.6 roots per explant (1.8-fold significantly higher than the control).

scholarly journals IN VITRO REGENERATION AND MASS PROPAGATION OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA [LAM.] FROM THE LEAF EXPLANTS THROUGH CALLUS CULTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Mallika Devi T
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Apical Leaf ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Azima Tetracantha

In the present study the protocol for callus induction and regeneration in Azima tetracantha has been developed in culture medium. The young apical leaf explants were used for callus induction on MS medium containing BAP and NAA at 1.0 and 0.4mgl-1 respectively showed maximum callus induction (73%). The amount of callus responded for shoot formation (74%) was obtained in the MS medium containing BAP (1.5 mgl-1) and NAA (0.3mgl-1).The elongated shoots were rooted on half strength medium supplemented with IBA (1.5 mgl-1) and Kn (0.4 mgl-1) for shoots rooted. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and hardened off inside the culture and then transferred to green house with better survival rate.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE IN VITRO MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE FROM SHOOT AND CALLUS CULTURES OF Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Trang Phuong Nguyen Thi ◽  
Quang Minh Bui ◽  
Hai Duc Le ◽  
Linh Quoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth is a short-term plant which contains many important secondarycompounds with high medicinal value. Currently, most of the researches focus on chemical composition and pharmacological activity, but the source of raw materials is very limited. In this study, the first step is transferring the samples from nature into in vitro culture conditions to understand the effects of the factors related to shooting and callus morphogenesis was performed, the first node from shoots apical meristem was isolated and sterilized with 1.5% NaOCl for 20 minutes to achieve high efficiency with 86.11% sterile samples and 85.56% shoot growth rate after 2 weeks of culture on MS medium. The shoot generation from axillary shoots was continued to be investigated with the highest number of shoots formed on MS medium supplemented with BA (1 mg / l) showed 1.53 shoots/implant which the height and the number of leavesare 3.65cm and 6.67, respectively. Besides, the formation of callus from leaves of MS medium supplemented with 2.4 - D (0.25 mg / l) achieved the rate of 66.67% of cultured samples, forming good callus after 4 weeks of culture. The results of the study not only contribute importantly to understanding morphogenesis for micropropagation purposes but also serve as the scientific database for further studies at the cellular and molecular levels of this plant.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AUXIN ON IN VITRO SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCTION FROM BALANITES AEGYPTIACA CALLUS CULTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa A.A. Abdel- Kareem ◽  
H.A. El- Shamy ◽  
A.K. Dawh ◽  
S.G. Gwiefel
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Metabolites Production

The present work was conducted in order to investigate the effect of auxin type (2,4-D and NAA) and concentration (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/l) on Balanites aegyptiaca callus cultures growth and production of secondary metabolites. Obtained results demonstrated that supplementation MS medium with 2,4-D at 2.0 mg/l could enhanced and recorded the ultimate values of callus fresh weight, antioxidant activity (%), total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds and total saponins contents and yields of Balanites aegyptiaca L. callus.

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