scholarly journals 887 PB 463 SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM ROSE LEAF EXPLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 561a-561
Author(s):  
Mary W. George ◽  
Robert R. Tripepi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Step Process ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Somatic Embryo Production ◽  
Cut Rose

Previous reports of somatic embryogenesis on rose tissues involved an embryogenic callus stage with either a complicated multi-step process or low numbers of embryos being produced. We have produced somatic embryos without a callus stage from leaf explants of the cut rose cultivar `Golden Emblem' by using a two step process. Explants were obtained from microshoots of `Golden Emblem' that had been in culture for three years. All experiments were repeated twice. When explants were maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) with 0.4 μM NAA and 0.4 μM kinetin for 10 weeks, 10% or less of the explants produced somatic embryos. Keeping the explants on the NAA/kinetin medium for two weeks, then switching to medium with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 10.0 μM kinetin for the remaining 8 weeks failed to increase embryo production. Decreasing the time the explants were on the NAA/kinetin medium to 8 or 12 days, and then placing explants on MS medium with 1.0 μM kinetin increased somatic embryo production to a maximum of 25%. By limiting the length of time the rose leaf explants were exposed to auxin, direct somatic embryo production was increased.

Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis in Pinus thunbergii resistant to the pine wood nematode

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1604-1612
Author(s):  
Tingyu Sun ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Lihua Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqin Wu ◽  
Jianren Ye
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Somatic Embryo Production

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a severe threat to pine forests in East Asia. Screening and breeding of resistant varieties is a very effective way to prevent and control PWD; however, no reliable somatic embryogenesis system has yet been developed for the elite nematode-resistant Pinus thunbergii Parl. line. In this study, we studied the plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of nematode-resistant P. thunbergii. Initiation of embryogenic tissue was significantly affected by seed family (p = 0.017), immature zygotic embryo stage (p = 0.032), and initiation medium (p = 0.004). Seed family 37 was the most favorable female parent for initiation of P. thunbergii. Furthermore, the initiation rate increased from the pre-embryonic stage to the cleavage polyembryonic stage. The optimal medium was I2, containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (9 μmol·L−1) and 6-benzyladenine (4.4 μmol·L−1). A statistically significant interaction between cell line and subculture time (24 months) was observed in the influence on proliferation rate, somatic embryo production, and percentage germination (p < 0.001). In this study, the highest somatic embryo production was achieved using cell line 37-1 (1983 somatic embryos per gram fresh mass), with approximately 83.5% of somatic embryos germinating after transferring to germination medium, of which 77.6% converted into plantlets.

scholarly journals (291) Plant Regeneration through Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Homalomena `Emerald Gem'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078A-1078
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium

Homalomena `Emerald Gem' is an important ornamental foliage plant and widely used for interior plantscaping. Current propagation of this cultivar has been primarily carried out through in vitro culture by organogenesis; regeneration through somatic embryogenesis has not been documented. This report describes successful plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of different organs. Somatic embryos formed at and around the cut surface of petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants. Embryos also appeared at the base between expanded ovaries of the spadix segment, and around midrib of leaf explants. The optimal treatments for somatic embryo occurrence from petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants were MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA or 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D with 2.0 mg/L CPPU, and for spadix explants were MS medium with 0.5 mg/L PAA and 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Somatic embryos appeared 6 to 8 weeks after culture and formed large embryo clumps in 3 to 4 months. Somatic embryos produced more secondary embryos and geminated on induction medium. Multiple shoot development and plant regeneration occurred from somatic embryo clusters on MS medium without hormone or with 2 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA. The regenerated plants grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

scholarly journals (80) Direct Somatic Embryogenesis from Thin-section Leaf Explant of Phalaenopsis Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066D-1067
Author(s):  
Jae-Dong Chung ◽  
Hong-Yul Kim ◽  
Jung-Hae Suh ◽  
Oh-Chang Kwon ◽  
Chang-kil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Leaf Explant ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Half Strength

Somatic embryo formation was observed on thin-sectioned leaf explants within 3 weeks of culture from two Phalaenopsis hybrids—Phalaenopsis Hwafeng Redjewell `Ching Ruey' Phalaenopsis Chingruey's Giant Ching Ruey' (R×R), and Phalaenopsis Formosa Best Girl Ching Ruey' Depts. Lih Jiang Beauty `S 566' (WR×WR). Frequency of somatic embryo formation was higher in hybrid WRxWR than R×R and optimal concentration of TDZ for the induction of somatic embryos was 9.08 μM. In (WR×WR) embryo proliferation was simultaneously observed after transferring the explants with somatic embryo clumps onto PGR-free half-strength MS medium. Six months after initiation, the culture plantlets were produced. This is the first report on somatic embryogenesis induced directly from the leaf explants using TDZ in Phalaenopsis.

scholarly journals Induction of somatic embryogenesis in soybean: physicochemical factors influencing the development of somatic embryos

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Aparecida Bonacin ◽  
Antonio Orlando Di Mauro ◽  
Roberto Carlos de Oliveira ◽  
Dilermando Perecin
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Somatic Embryo Production

The embryogenic capability of five soybean cultivars (Renascença, IAS-5, IAC-17, BR-16 and FT-Cometa) was studied at different auxin concentrations (8, 10 and 12 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid, NAA), at different pHs (5.8 and 7.0) and at low (8-12 muEm-2 s-1) and high (27-33 mEm-2 s-1) light intensities. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Immature cotyledons 4-6 mm in length were placed in the six induction mediums evaluated and submitted to two light intensities. Twenty immature cotyledons per cultivar were placed on each Petri dish, which was considered to be one replication. The number of somatic embryos per treatment per replication was counted. The results showed genotype influence on somatic embryogenic capability of each cultivar, with the most embryogenic cultivars being BR-16, FT-Cometa and IAS-5. Auxin concentration and pH value also influenced somatic embryo production, with 10 mg/l NAA being the best auxin concentration and 7.0 the best pH value. The interactions cultivar x auxin, auxin x pH and pH x light were significant, while other double interactions were not. All triple and quadruple interactions were significant, except cultivar x pH x light. No significant differences in somatic embryo production were observed in medium with different pHs or when the Petri dishes containing immature cotyledons were exposed to the two light intensities evaluated. However, a higher number of somatic embryos was produced when the medium pH was adjusted to 7.0.

scholarly journals Efficient Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Midrib Derived Callus in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium

Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledon and midrib explants of Solanum melongena L., cultivar Loda. For callus induction, medium was supplemented with different concentrations of auxin singly or in combination with BAP. The best callusing 83-85% was obtained from both of the explants cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mgl-1NAA + 0.05 mgl-1BAP. Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved after transferring the calli to MS medium supplemented with BAP, GA3, NAA and Zeatin. Cotyledon derived calli showed better performance (87%) for regeneration than that of midrib (82%) when sub cultured on MS medium having 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin + 1.0 mgl-1 BAP. For root induction, MS + 3.0 mgl-1 IBA was proved to be better treatment for average number (14-15) and mean length (12 cm) of roots than those of other treatments. Key words: Eggplant; cotyledon; midrib; callus induction; somatic embryo J. bio-sci. 14: 1-9, 2006

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kulothungan ◽  
A. Ganapathi ◽  
A. Shajahan ◽  
K. Kathiravan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Embryogenic callus was induced from seedling leaf explants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C152 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg 1−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The maximum frequency of somatic embryogenesis was noticed when this callus was transferred to MS liquid medium supplemented with 2 mg 1−1 2,4-D. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells destined to become somatic embryos divided into spherical or filamentous proembryos. Subsequent divisions in the proembryo led to globular, heart, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Tiny plantlets were obtained by transferring the cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos to MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1−1 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Embriogenesis somatik dari pucuk tunas tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.))

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Tamania SAPTARI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Modified Ms Medium

 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important crop in the dry areas of the Middle East and North Africa. This palm has been introduced to many countries but has not been grown commercially in Indonesia. Date palm propaga-tion by seeds is easy but its progenies are varied and a half of them are male trees that will not produce fruits. Meanwhile, the propagation by offshoots is impractical and technically difficult. Tissue culture makes it possible to massproduce of genetically identicalsuperior date palms. This research aimed to develop somatic embryogenesis (SE) of date palm using shoot tipand young leaves of date palm seedling as explants. Steps on somatic embryogenesis are explant sterilization, callus initiation and proliferation, somatic embryos induction and maturation, and plantlets matura-tion and rooting. Calli emerged from shoot tip explants after  9 weeks of culture in a modified MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 2,4-D, 1 mg/L or  3 mg/L 2-iP, and 1.5 g/L active charcoal. The callus was able to bear somatic embryo in the modified MS medium without hormones. Somatic embryos then developed into plantlets, and roots of plantlets were effectively initiated in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L IBA.[Keywords:sterilization,  callogenesis, somatic embryo induction, plantlet rooting, clonal propagation]. Abstrak  Tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) merupakan tanaman terpenting di wilayah kering Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Palma ini telah menyebar ke banyak negara, namun belum ditanam secara komersial di Indonesia. Perbanyakan kurma dengan biji sangat mudah tetapi turunannya sangat beragam dan setengahnya merupakan tanaman jantan yang tidak berbuah. Perbanyakan dengan anakan (offshoots) secara komersial tidak praktis dan relatif sulit. Kultur jaringan memungkinkan untuk dihasilkan secara massal bibit tanaman kurma varietas unggul yang secara genetik seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan embriogenesis somatik menggunakan eksplan pucuk tunasdan daun muda dari bibit tanaman kurma. Pengembangan embriogenesis somatik terdiri dari tahap sterilisasi eksplan, inisiasi dan proliferasi kalus, induksi dan maturasi embrio somatik, serta pembesaran dan pembentukan akar planlet. Kalus terbentuk dari eksplan pucuk tunassetelah 9 minggu dikultur pada medium MS modifikasi yang ditambahkan 2,4-D 10 mg/L,  2-iP 1 mg/L atau 3 mg/L, dan arang aktif 1,5 g/L.Kalus berhasil diinduksi menghasilkanembrio somatik pada medium MS modifikasi tanpa penggunaan hormon. Embrio somatik kemudian berkembang hingga menjadi planlet, dan akar planlet secara efektif terinisiasipada medium yang ditambahkan NAA 0,5 mg/L dan IBA1 mg/L.  [Kata kunci :sterilisasi,  kalogenesis, induksi embrio somatik, pengakaran planlet, propagasi klonal].

scholarly journals High frequency plant regeneration of Chrysopogon zizanioides via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis-an underutilized pharmaceutically valuable biofuel plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Merlin Monisha ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
K.R. Saravanan ◽  
Anandan R
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Chrysopogon Zizanioides ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is an essential oil-producing plant that has tremendous application in cosmetics, perfumery, and herbal medicine. Natural sterility and indiscriminate harvests lead to the risk of extinction of plant species in natural habitats. Therefore, a protocol for regeneration systems via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using node, leaf, and root explants has been standardized. The highest shoot regeneration frequency (72.2%) through organogenesis was attained from node explants on MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium comprising 2.0 mg L-1 BAP (“6-benzylaminopurine”). Concurrently, leaf explants cultivated on MS medium augmented by 1.0 mg L-1, 2, 4-D (“2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid”) formed the optimal frequency (75.35%) of white friable compact (WFC) callus. However, the root explant was less responsive for WFC callus induction. Organogenic WFC callus cultivated on MS medium fortified by kinetin (1.0 mg L-1) as well as BAP (1.0 mg L-1) revealed the highest shoot regeneration efficiency (75.49%) with 48 shoots per callus. Adventitious shoots obtained from node and WFC callus of both leaf and root explants cultivated on MS medium increased by NAA (2.0 mg L-1 showed the optimal rooting of 76.97%. Concomitantly, an elevated frequency of somatic embryogenesis (52.50%) was recorded from leaf explants on MS medium using BAP (0.5 mg L-1) & 2, 4-D (1.0 mg L-1). Leaf explants were superior to node and root explants for somatic embryo initiation. The cotyledonary embryos were efficiently germinated into complete plantlets on a hormone-free MS medium. The plantlets gathered from organogenesis & somatic embryo genesis was effectively acclimatized into phenomenally similar plants. This technique may be applicable for wide-range propagation, genetic engineering, and the formation of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghan Singh Maloth ◽  
Rajinikanth Marka ◽  
Rama Swamy Nanna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18)  along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted  on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

scholarly journals Effect of Explant Resource and Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 568B-568a
Author(s):  
Lianghong Chen ◽  
Ajmer S. Bhagsari ◽  
Soon O. Park ◽  
Sarwan Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryo Development

This study was carried out to optimize conditions for plant regeneration of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] using shoot tips, petioles, and leaves of Selection 75-96-1 as explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) with several growth regulators at different levels. Callus initiation and callus proliferation media were 9.0 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 9.0 μm 2,4-D + 1.1 μm N6-benzyladenine (6-BA) in protocol I; 8.1 μm α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 1.2 μm kinetin (KIN) and 5.4 μm NAA + 4.6 μm KIN in protocol II; 0.9 μm 2,4-D, and 0.9 μm 2,4-D + 1.2 μm N-isopenylamino purine (2iP) in protocol III; NAA (8.1 μm) + KIN (1.2 μm) and 2,4-D (0.9 μm) + 2ip (1.2 μm) in protocol IV, respectively. In protocol I and II, shoot tip, petiole, and leaf were used, but only petiole and leaf in protocol III and IV. In the protocol I and II, somatic embryos were obtained only from shoot tip explants; in protocol III and IV, only from petioles. The frequencies of somatic embryo development were 33.3% in protocol I, 42.1% in protocol II, 21.2% in protocol III, and 10.3% in protocol IV, respectively. The leaf explants failed to produce somatic embryos in all the experiments. In protocol I, somatic embryogenesis occurred through the well-known sequence of globular-, heart-shaped-, torpedo-, and cotyledon-type embryos. However, in protocol II, the structures resembling plumule and radicle were observed before the emergence of torpedo/cotyledon type embryo clusters. The somatic embryogenesis in protocol III and IV was similar to that in protocol I. Growth regulators influenced somatic embryo development. Further, this study showed that explant resource and growth regulators affected the frequency of plant regeneration in sweetpotato.

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