Transmission of Prunus Necrotic Ringspot into Three Peach Scion Cultivars, Measured by RNA Hybridization following in Vitro Micrografting

As part of our program to develop transgenic peach cultivars with improved disease resistance, we showed that grafting of in vitro cultured `Suncrest' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tips `onto decapitated stems of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) infected `Suncrest' shoot cultures, resulted in consistent transfer of virus across grafts as demonstrated by RNA hybridization analysis, suggesting that such a system could be useful for measuring resistance to PNRSV in peach shoot cultures. We have extended these studies to include grafts of `Springcrest' and `Nemaguard' test tips onto `Suncrest' stocks. RNA hybridization analysis showed that PNRSV persists in shoot cultures for 18 months after initiation from PNRSV-infected `Suncrest' trees and after 16 weeks of treatment of 4°C in the dark, suggesting that a supply of infected shoot cultures could be maintained for repeated use. Graft success rates for grafts of `Springcrest' onto `Suncrest' and `Nemaguard' onto `Suncrest', equaled or exceeded success rates for `Suncrest' onto `Suncrest'. Virus was transmitted from infected stocks into `Suncrest', `Springcrest', and `Nemaguard' test tips by 2 weeks in most successful micrografts. There was no significant difference in the virus concentrations among the three scions at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after grafting, suggesting that there is equal efficacy of virus transfer through grafts from `Suncrest' to the three cultivars, and that no differences in resistance to PNRSV exist among these cultivars.

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A cRNA Probe Detects Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus in Three Peach Cultivars after Micrografting and in Peach Shoots following Long-term Culture at 4 °C

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.2.346 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 346-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Heuss ◽

Q. Liu ◽

F.A. Hammerschlag ◽

R.W. Hammond

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Crna Probe ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus ◽

Repeated Use ◽

Graft Success

As part of a program to develop transgenic peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars with resistance to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), we are testing a system for measuring virus in peach shoot cultures. Micrografting in vitro is used for inoculation and slot-blot hybridization, with a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probe complementary to the 5′ open reading frame (ORF) of PNRSV RNA 3, for detection. In this study, we investigated whether infected shoots maintain virus infection over long periods of culture at 4 °C and if PNRSV-infected `Suncrest' shoot cultures can serve as graft bases to transmit virus equally well into cultivars Nemaguard, Springcrest, and Suncrest. The results of RNA hybridization analysis showed that virus was present in extracts of leaf samples from 2-year-old PNRSV-infected `Suncrest' shoots that had been subjected to varying lengths of incubation at 4 °C in the dark, suggesting that infected shoots can be maintained for repeated use. Rates of graft success were higher in heterografts between `Suncrest' bases and tips of `Springcrest' or `Nemaguard' than in autografts between `Suncrest' and `Suncrest', and there was equal efficacy of graft inoculation from `Suncrest' into these three cultivars.

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Monitoring Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus Infection by Hybridization with a cRNA Probe after in vitro Micrografting

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.120.6.928 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 120 (6) ◽

pp. 928-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kathleen Heuss-LaRosa ◽

Rosemarie Hammond ◽

James M. Crosslin ◽

Christine Hazel' ◽

Freddi A. Hammerschlag

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Crna Probe ◽

Elisa Testing ◽

Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus ◽

Coat Protein Mediated Resistance ◽

In Vitro Micrografting

In vitro micrografting was tested as a technique for inoculating peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] shoot cultures with Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). Cultured `Suncrest' shoots derived from a naturally infected tree (as indicated by ELISA testing) maintained virus in vitro, with virus concentrations in growing tips and folded leaves being several times those of fully expanded leaves. Infected shoots served as graft bases and source of the virus. Grafted tips were derived from `Suncrest' trees that had tested negative for the virus. Leaf samples were collected from the tips following grafting and analyzed for the presence of virus by slot-blot hybridization with a (DIG)-labeled cRNA probe derived from PNRSV RNA 3. Rates of successful grafting ranged from 55% to 73% in three trials and PNRSV was found in all tips analyzed. Virus concentrations approximated those found in source shoots, suggesting that in vitro micrografting should be useful for screening transformed peach shoots for coat protein-mediated resistance to PNRSV. Chemical name used: digoxigenin (DIG).

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P–431 Human oocytes in-vitro maturation efficacy from infancy to adulthood – is there an optimal age?

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

G Karavani ◽

P Wasserzug-Pash ◽

T Mordechai-Daniel ◽

M Klutstein ◽

T Imbar

Keyword(s):

Fertility Preservation ◽

In Vitro Maturation ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽

Success Rates ◽

Human Oocytes ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Study question Does human oocytes in-vitro maturation (IVM) effectiveness change throughout childhood, adolescence and adulthood in girls and women undergoing fertility preservation via ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) prior to chemo-radiotherapy exposure? Summary answer The optimal age for IVM is from menarche to 25 years, while pre-menarche girls and women older than 30 years have extremely low maturation rates. What is known already In vitro maturation of oocytes from antral follicles seen during tissue harvesting is a fertility preservation technique with potential advantages over OTC, as mature frozen and later thawed oocyte used for fertilization poses decreased risk of malignant cells re-seeding, as compared to ovarian tissue implantation. We previously demonstrated that IVM performed following OTC in fertility preservation patients, even in pre-menarche girls, yields a fair amount of oocytes available for IVM and freezing for future use. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study, evaluating IVM outcomes in chemotherapy naïve patients referred for fertility preservation by OTC that had oocyte collected from the medium with attempted IVM between 2003 and 2020 in a university affiliated tertiary center. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 133 chemotherapy naïve patients aged 1–35 years with attempted IVM were included in the study. The primary outcome was IVM rate in the different age groups – pre-menarche (1–5 years and ≥6 years), post-menarche (menarche–17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults (25–29 and 30–35 years). Comparison between paired groups for significant difference in the IVM rate parameter was done using the Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test. Main results and the role of chance A gradual increase in mean IVM rate was demonstrated in the age groups over 1 to 25 years (4.6% (1–5 years), 23.8% (6 years to menarche) and 28.4% (menarche to 17 years), with a peak of 38.3% in the 18–24 years group, followed by a decrease in the 25–29 years group (19.3%), down to a very low IVM rate (8.9%) in the 30–35 years group. A significant difference in IVM rates was noted between the age extremes – the very young (1–5 years) and the oldest (30–35 years) groups, as compared with the 18–24-year group (p < 0.001). Number of oocytes matured, percent of patients with matured oocytes and overall maturation rate differed significantly (p < 0.001). Limitations, reasons for caution Data regarding ovarian reserve evaluation was not available for most of the patients, due to our pre-op OTC procedures protocol. None of our patients have used their frozen in-vitro matured oocytes, as such further implications of age on in-vitro matured oocytes quality and implantation potential has yet to be evaluated. Wider implications of the findings: Our finding of extremely low success rates in those very young (under 6 years) and older (≥30 years) patients suggest that IVM of oocyte retrieved during OTC prior to chemotherapy should not be attempted in these age group. Trial registration number N/A

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A novel intracranial exchange guidewire improves the navigation of various endovascular devices: An in vitro study of challenging situations

Interventional Neuroradiology ◽

10.1177/15910199211057332 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 159101992110573

Author(s):

Naoki Kaneko ◽

Ariel Takayanagi ◽

Hamidreza Saber ◽

Lea Guo ◽

Satoshi Tateshima

Keyword(s):

Giant Aneurysm ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Target Vessel ◽

Success Rates ◽

Intracranial Stenting ◽

Aneurysm Neck ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aneurysm Model ◽

Endovascular Devices

Objective Neuroendovascular procedures rely on successful navigation and stable access to the target vessel. The Stabilizer is a 300 cm long exchange wire with a 0.014 diameter and a soft, flexible stent at the distal end designed to assist with navigation and device delivery. This study aims to assess the efficacy of the Stabilizer for navigation in a variety of challenging environments. Methods The efficacy of the Stabilizer was evaluated using three challenging vascular models: a giant aneurysm model, a severe tortuosity model, and an M1 stenosis model. The Stabilizer was compared with a conventional wire during navigation in each model. Results In the giant aneurysm model, there was no significant difference of success during straightening of a looped wire and significantly higher success rates when advancing an intermediate catheter with the Stabilizer beyond the aneurysm neck compared to a conventional guidewire. The Stabilizer also significantly increased success rates when advancing an intermediate catheter through a model with severe tortuosity compared to a conventional guidewire, as well as exchange maneuver for intracranial stenting in a stenosis model compared to an exchange wire. Conclusions In our experimental model, the Stabilizer significantly improved navigation and device delivery in a variety of challenging settings compared to conventional wires.

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Is Allergic Rhinitis a Factor That Affects Success of Tympanoplasty?

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2016.48 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

Elif Ersoy Callioglu ◽

A. Sami Bercin ◽

Hayati Kale ◽

Togay Muderris ◽

Sule Demirci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Success Rate ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Success Rates ◽

Type 1 Tympanoplasty ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patient Groups ◽

The Difference ◽

Graft Success

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of allergic rhinitis on the success of the operation in chronic otitis surgery by using score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR). Materials and Methods: In the present study; 121 patients, who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty were examined retrospectively. SFAR of all patients were recorded. The graft success rates of 26 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 95 patients with no allergic rhinitis group (NAR) were compared. Results: While the graft success rate in NAR group was 89.5%, this rate was 80.8% in the AR group. However, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.311). Conclusion: These findings suggest that allergic rhinitis decreases the graft success rate of the pathologies occurring in eustachian tube, middle ear and mastoid although statistically significant difference wasn’t found. Prospective studies with larger patient groups are required in order to evaluate this pathology.

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Age-Dependent in vitro Maturation Efficacy of Human Oocytes – Is There an Optimal Age?

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.667682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Gilad Karavani ◽

Peera Wasserzug-Pash ◽

Talya Mordechai-Daniel ◽

Dvora Bauman ◽

Michael Klutstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fertility Preservation ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽

Success Rates ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maturation Rate ◽

Group A ◽

Tissue Implantation

In vitro maturation of oocytes from antral follicles seen during tissue harvesting is a fertility preservation technique with potential advantages over ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), as mature frozen and later thawed oocyte used for fertilization poses decreased risk of malignant cells re-seeding, as compared to ovarian tissue implantation. We previously demonstrated that in vitro maturation (IVM) performed following OTC in fertility preservation patients, even in pre-menarche girls, yields a fair amount of oocytes available for IVM and freezing for future use. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, evaluating IVM outcomes in chemotherapy naïve patients referred for fertility preservation by OTC that had oocyte collected from the medium with attempted IVM. A total of 133 chemotherapy naïve patients aged 1–35 years were included in the study. The primary outcome was IVM rate in the different age groups – pre-menarche (1–5 and ≥6 years), post-menarche (menarche-17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults (25–29 and 30–35 years). We demonstrate a gradual increase in mean IVM rate in the age groups from 1 to 25 years [4.6% (1–5 years), 23.8% (6 years to menarche), and 28.4% (menarche to 17 years)], with a peak of 38.3% in the 18–24 years group, followed by a decrease in the 25–29 years group (19.3%), down to a very low IVM rate (8.9%) in the 30–35 years group. A significant difference in IVM rates was noted between the age extremes – the very young (1–5 years) and the oldest (30–35 years) groups, as compared with the 18–24-year group (p < 0.001). Importantly, number of oocytes matured, percent of patients with matured oocytes, and overall maturation rate differed significantly (p < 0.001). Our finding of extremely low success rates in those very young (under 6 years) and older (≥30 years) patients suggests that oocytes retrieved during OTC prior to chemotherapy have an optimal window of age that shows higher success rates, suggesting that oocytes may have an inherent tendency toward better maturation in those age groups.

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Effect of Diagonal Cut Surface Length on Graft Success and Growth of Mangifera indica, Persia americana, and Prunus persica

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.4.481 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 481-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Simon A. Mng’omba ◽

Elsa S. du Toit

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Random Component ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Graft Success ◽

Peach Trees ◽

Surface Length ◽

Cut Surface

Grafting has been a common propagation method in many fruit trees to achieve fruiting precocity. Its success has depended on proper alignment of parenchymatous tissues of both scions and their respective rootstocks. Although grafting has been practiced for a long time, the right or ideal length of a diagonal cut surface that promotes proper alignment of vascular bundles of both graft partners to ensure fast graft-take and eventually graft success have not been investigated. An experiment was carried out on mango, avocado, and peach trees with an objective of establishing suitable or correct length of a diagonal cut surface when grafting (splice method) to improve graft success. Diagonal cut surface lengths applied to both scions and rootstocks included 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, or 100 mm with at least three grafters treated as a random component. A significant difference (P < 0.0001) was found among the diagonal cut surface lengths and over 80% of graft success was obtained with 40- to 100-mm diagonal cut surface lengths, especially for mango. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were also obtained in shoot length and stem diameter size (thickness) for all tree crops studied and also for number of leaves except for avocado plants. It is concluded that improved graft success can be achieved with a diagonal cut surface length of 40 mm long with the need for a few grafting strips.

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Growth and In Vitro Propagation of Peach Plants Transformed with the Shooty Mutant Strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.5.897 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 897-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

F.A. Hammerschlag ◽

A.C. Smigocki

Keyword(s):

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽

Mutant Strain ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Shoot Formation ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Axillary Shoot ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Cytokinin Biosynthesis

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] plants #94-1, #99-1, and #40-1, carrying a cytokinin biosynthesis (ipt) gene following transformation with the shooty mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were evaluated for altered growth habit and axillary shoot formation, both in vitro and in the greenhouse. After 9 weeks of in vitro propagation on four different levels of 6-benzyladenine (BA), only transformant #99-1 exhibited significantly greater axillary shoot formation (on 10 μm BA), and significantly greater fresh mass (on 3,10, and 30 μm BA) than the control #RG-3. Tolerance to a supra-optimal (30 μm) concentration of BA was indicated by fresh mass increases for #99-1 shoot cultures. Delayed senescence on 0 μm BA was exhibited by 87% of the transformants, but by only 12% of the control plants. Greenhouse-grown #99-1 and #40-1 were significantly shorter than #RG-3 plants at 6 weeks and at 1 year, but only #40-1 exhibited significantly greater branching than the controls. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); isopentenyl transferase (ipt).

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Monitoring Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus Infection by Hybridization with a CRNA Probe following in Vitro Grafting

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.876b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 876B-876

Author(s):

K. Heuss-La Rosa ◽

R. Hammond ◽

J.M. Crosslin ◽

C. Hazel ◽

F. Hammerschlag

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Blot Hybridization ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Crna Probe ◽

Slot Blot Hybridization ◽

Elisa Testing ◽

Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus ◽

Coat Protein Mediated Resistance ◽

In Vitro Micrografting

In vitro micrografting was tested as a technique for inoculating peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] with prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). Cultured `Suncrest' shoots derived from a naturally infected tree (as indicated by ELISA testing) maintained virus in vitro, with virus concentrations in growing tips and folded leaves being several times those of fully expanded leaves. The infected shoots served as graft bases and the source of virus. Grafted tips were derived from `Suncrest' trees that had tested negative for the virus. Leaf samples were collected from the tips following grafting and analyzed for the presence of virus by slot-blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probed derived from PNRSV RNA 3. Rates of successful grafting were 55% and 73% in three trials and PNRSV was found in all tips analyzed. Virus concentrations approximated those found in the source shoots, suggesting that this method should be useful for screening transformed peach shoots for coat protein-mediated resistance to PNRSV.

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Pregnancy Success Rates by Different Assisted Reproductive Techniques in Tubal, Ovarian, and Sperm Disorders

Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care ◽

10.32598/jccnc.6.3.334.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 187-192

Author(s):

Zeinab Hajaliakbari Hafezabad ◽

◽

Milad Ahmadi Gohari ◽

Faezeh Kashi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Assisted Reproductive Techniques ◽

World Health ◽

Success Rates ◽

Tubal Infertility ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reproductive Techniques

Background: Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) have been used for addressing numerous causes of infertility. However, it remains unclear which kind of these methods are best for various infertility types. Accordingly, this study aimed at determining pregnancy success rates by different ART in tubal, ovarian, and sperm disorders. Methods: The present descriptive retrospective study used the records of individuals who had referred to the Infertility Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to December 2017. All subjects underwent Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). The sperm parameters were assessed based on the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) for determining the causes of male infertility. The data were documented and compared with the criteria of the WHO. Then, they were analyzed by analysis of variance, Paired Samples t-test, Chi-squared, or Fisher’s Exact tests using SPSS. Results: The overall Mean±SD fertility rate in IVF and ICSI was 4.28±2.87 and 3.62±2.54, respectively and the difference was not significant (t=1.02, P=0.319). There was a significant difference in the fertility rate due to tubal infertility (P=0.018) between ICSI and IVF; the fertility rate in the IVF method was significantly higher than that of the ICSI. The pregnancy rate in the freeze method was higher than those of the other methods (P<0.001). This discrepancy was also found in all causes of infertility. There was no significant difference in the disorders of sperm and the result of two methods (IVF/ICSI). Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that in the freeze method, the pregnancy rate was higher than other approaches; this discrepancy was found in all the causes of infertility. It is suggested that frozen-thawed embryo transfer be used in infertile individuals. This is because it increases the success rate of pregnancy and prevents complications due to the repeated use of infertility treatments and exorbitant treatment costs.

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