Two new species of Metacyclops Kiefer, 1927 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Thailand and an up-to-date key to the species recorded in Asia

Metacyclops sakaeratensis sp. nov. and M. brancelji sp. nov. are described as being present in the mountainous areas of Northeastern and Southern Thailand, respectively. Two new species resemble M. woni in both sexes, but they are easily distinguished from their Cambodian relative by having: 1) transverse suture on the dorsal surface of the genital double-somite, 2) serrated hyaline frill on the posterior margin of third pedigerous somite, 3) different length / width ratio of caudal ramus, and 4) a row of spinule on caudal surface of intercoxal sclerite of the third swimming legs. The significant differences between M. sakaeratensis sp. nov. and M. brancelji sp. nov. are present in both sexes, including the body size, integumental ornamentation of the body surface, length / width ratio of caudal ramus, armature of the fifth swimming leg, and the male sixth swimming leg. In addition, an up-to-date key to the female of all fifteen species of Metacyclops recorded in Asia is provided.

Design Simulation of Czerny–Turner Configuration-Based Raman Spectrometer Using Physical Optics Propagation Algorithm

We report the design simulation of the Raman spectrometer using Zemax optical system design software. The design is based on the Czerny–Turner configuration, which includes an optical system consisting of an entrance slit, two concave mirrors, reflecting type diffraction grating and an image detector. The system’s modeling approach is suggested by introducing the corresponding relationship between detector pixels and wavelength, linear CCD receiving surface length and image surface dimension. The simulations were carried out using the POP (physical optics propagation) algorithm. Spot diagram, relative illumination, irradiance plot, modulation transfer function (MTF), geometric and encircled energy were simulated for designing the Raman spectrometer. The simulation results of the Raman spectrometer using a 527 nm wavelength laser as an excitation light source are presented. The present optical system was designed in sequential mode and a Raman spectrum was observed from 530 nm to 630 nm. The analysis shows that the system’s image efficiency was quite good, predicting that it could build an efficient and cost-effective Raman spectrometer for optical diagnostics.

Artifact removal in the contour areas of SAXS-CT images by Tikhonov-L1 minimization

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled with computed tomography (CT), denoted SAXS-CT, has enabled the spatial distribution of the characteristic parameters (e.g. size, shape, surface, length) of nanoscale structures inside samples to be visualized. In this work, a new scheme with Tikhonov regularization was developed to remove the effects of artifacts caused by streak scattering originating from the reflection of the incident beam in the contour regions of the sample. The noise due to streak scattering was successfully removed from the sinogram image and hence the CT image could be reconstructed free from artifacts in the contour regions.

Anatomical Considerations for Appropriate Mini-plate Positioning in Open-Door Laminoplasty To Avoid Plate Impingement and Screw Facet Violation

Objective This study aimed to describe a safe zone for mini-plate positioning that can avoid instrument-related complications in laminoplasty. Methods The posterior surface length and inferior pole angle of the lateral mass were measured at each level using computed tomography. The safe zone was defined based on these measurements. Incidences of screw facet violation and plate impingement were recorded. Results Among 40 patients included, 15 (37.5%) had inappropriate plate positioning, causing screw facet violation or plate impingement, which more commonly occurred at distal (C5, C6) and proximal (C3, C4) levels, respectively. Lateral mass posterior surface length was shorter at the proximal levels, and the inferior pole angle of the lateral mass was smaller at the distal levels, signifying that the lateral mass became thin and long at the distal levels. Inserting the mini-plate with plate-to-lateral mass inferior pole distances of 4–5 mm and 5–6 mm at the C3–C5 and C6–C7 levels, respectively, would avoid instrument-related complications. Conclusion The risk of plate impingement was higher at the proximal level, whereas the risk of screw facet violation was higher at the distal level in open-door cervical laminoplasty. These risks coincide with anatomical differences at each level.

Perencanaan Sistem Penyaliran dan Pemompaan pada Tambang Terbuka di PT X Desa Tegalega, Kecamatan Cigudeg Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

PT X is a mining company with open pit mining methods for andesite rocks. The implementation of open pit methods is inseparable from the problem of inclusion water of rainfall and groundwater seepage into the mining area (pit). This can lead to disruption of mining activities if not handled properly. In this case to cope with the incoming water at Pit in PT X requires some study. It deals with the large number of pumps needed to tackle the incoming water each day.The purpose of the research is to overcome the potential of water entering the Pit, by making diversion channels and to overcome water that already inside the Pit is handled by making sump and pumping system.The data used are 2014-2018 rainfall data, topographic maps, mine progress maps, land use maps, water velocity data, temperature and humidity data and soil condition and land conservation data. Pit has 4 Catchment Areas with each divided into 3 namely Catchment Area PIT, Catchment Area A, Catcthment Area B, Catcthment Area C with a total area of 26,28 Ha. The water runoff plan during the 10 years period. From these data the reults obtained amounted to 50,35 m3/day. Water discharge that enters from inside and outside the pit with a total discharge of 0,94 m3 /sec. Based on data that obtained the ways to prevent water entering the mining area can be minimized by creating a diversion channel. The first diversion channel made for prevent water entering the mining area that comes from Catchment Area A, the diversion channel made along 569 m from 300–270 mals. The second one made for prevent water from Catchment Area C with total length 756 m from 290–130 mals. So that the incoming water debit becomes as much as 0,53 m3/sec. Sump is place at an elevation 115 masl, volume of sump is 7.900 m3 with dimensions of surface length 43 m, surface width 50 m, the base length of the is 36 m, and the depth of 4 meters can accommodate the total volume of water. The pump used is a MFC 180 , with a total of 2 unit pump, the pumping hours are adjusted based on the incoming water debit per month. The highest pumping hour in November was 15.2 hours with a debit of 12,403.63 m3 / day and the lowest in May was 6 hours with a discharge of 4,896.17 m3 / day. Abstrak. PT X merupakan salah satu perusahaan pertambangan dengan menggunakan Sistem Tambang Terbuka dengan tipe Quarry untuk batuan andesit. Akan tetapi belum tersedianya sistem penyaliran tambang menyebabkan terjadinya banjir pada lokasi penambangan, sehingga mengganggu kegiatan penambangan terutama pada musim penghujan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian adalah untuk menanggulangi potensi air yang masuk ke pit , maka dilakukan penanggulangan air dari luar pit dengan membuat saluran pengalihan dan penanggulangan air yang masuk ke dalam pit dengan sistem pemompaan dan kolam penampungan.Data yang digunakan merupakan data curah hujan tahun 2014-2018, peta topografi, peta kemajuan tambang, peta tataguna lahan, data kecepatan air, suhu dan kelembaban dan data kondisi tanah dan konservasi lahan. Pit memiliki 4 Catchment Area dengan masing-masing dibagi menjadi 4 yaitu Catchment Area PIT, Catchment Area A, Catchment Area B, Catchment Area C dengan total luasan sebesar 26,28 Ha. Curah hujan rencana dengan data curah hujan selama 10 tahun periode 2014-2018. Hasilnya adalah curah hujan rencana maksimum sebesar 50,35 mm/hari. Debit air yang masuk adalah dari dalam pit dan luar pit dengan total debit sebanyak 0,94 m3/detik. Dari hasil penelitian, saluran pengalihan dibuat pada dua lokasi yaitu untuk menangani Catchment Area A dengan total panjang saluran 569 m pada elevasi 300 -270 dan untuk menangani Catchment Area C dengan panjang 756 m pada elevasi 290 - 130. Sehingga debit air yang masuk menjadi sebanyak 0,53 m3/detik.Kolam penampungan dibuat dengan volume 7.900 m3,dengan dimensi panjang atas 43 dan panjang bawah 36 m, dengan lebar 50 m dan ketinggian 4 m. Pompa yang digunakan adalah 2 unit pompa Multiflow 180 dengan jam pemompaan disesuaikan berdasarkan debit air yang masuk perbulannya. Jam pemompaan tertinggi pada bulan November yaitu 15,2 jam dengan debit 12.403,63 m3/hari dan yang paling rendah pada bulan Mei yaitu 6 jam dengan debit 4.896,17 m3/hari.

Effect of Face Length in Initial Mining Stage of Fully Mechanized Top-coal Caving Face With Large Mining Height

Based on the field measurement of the end resistance of the support during the initial weighting of the basic roof and the macroscopic mine pressure behavior during the weighting period of 101,22211,103 and 301 fully mechanized caving face in Changchun Xing Coal Mine, the mine pressure law of the working face is summarized and compared, and the relationship between the working face length and the working resistance of the support ( the weighting strength ) and the macroscopic mine pressure behavior is obtained. In the range of face length 126-230 m, with the increase of face length, the end-of-cycle resistance of the support gradually increases and the dynamic load coefficient of the support gradually increases when the coefficient of the support gradually increases, and the strata behavior of the working face changes from strong to very strong. When the face length is short ( 126-140.5m ), the hanging top area is too large to cause hurricanes when the working face is pressed, which threatens and damages the personal safety and equipment of the working face staff. Based on the above research, the problem of optimizing the surface length is proposed, and the surface length is determined to be within the range of 140-230 m according to the measured results.

Rapid Drying of High-Moisture Paddy Using a Pneumatic Dryer with Corrugated-Surface Drying Column

Combination of corrugated-surface drying column and multipass drying concept (first-pass and second-pass drying) was made to increase the performance of a pneumatic dryer for high-moisture paddy. In this study, different characteristics of the drying column, which could be characterized by the ratio between the corrugated-surface length (C) and the total length (L) of the drying column (or C/L), were proposed. The influences of drying temperature (120oC, 150oC, and 180oC) and value of C/L (0, 0.5 and 1.0) on the dryer performance and energy utilization of the drying process were disscussed. The drying column with a higher value of C/L had higher potential for increasing dryer performance. For the first-pass drying, the drying system using the drying column with corrugated surface could reduce the energy consumption by 14% to 44% compared with the drying system using the drying column without corrugated surface. For the second-pass drying, the drying system using the drying column with corrugated surface consumed more energy, however. The moisture reduction of paddy could also be significantly increased after the second-pass drying.

THE SIZE AND POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE MEDIAL PATELLOFEMORAL LIGAMENT IN EARLY PEDIATRIC DEVELOPMENT

Background: Knowledge of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) size and positional relationship to the articular cartilage is not well understood in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to analyze the size and position of the MPFL relative to the articular surface of the pediatric patella. Methods: 39 pediatric cadaveric knee specimens (age range 1 month-11 years, 24 male) were dissected by fellowship-trained, pediatric orthopedic surgeons to expose the MPFL insertion to the patella (Figure 1A). Digital calipers (Mahr, MarCal 16EWRi) were used to record the proximal to distal cartilaginous articular surface length and the proximal to distal extent (zone) of MPFL patellar insertion. The ratio of the patellar articular cartilage length covered by the zone of MPFL patellar insertion was calculated. The center-point of the zone of MPFL patellar insertion was also recorded as a percentile distance from the superior margin of the articular cartilage of the patella. These measures were analyzed by age and Spearman’s Correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: Both patellar articular cartilage length (p<0.001, rs 0.803) and zone of MPFL patellar insertion (p<0.001, rs 0.691) increased with age. The zone of MPFL patellar insertion averaged 8.34 mm in specimens <6 mos.; 11.73 mm in specimens ages 1-4 years; and 16.03 mm in specimens ages 5-11 years. The ratio of the patellar articular cartilage length covered by the zone of MPFL patellar insertion had a significant reduction with age (p=0.001, rs -0.499); decreasing from 66% and 55% in the two younger age groups, to 45% of the cartilage length with MPFL patellar insertion coverage in the school-age 5-11 year-old specimens. The center-point of the MPFL patellar insertion increased in distance from the superior pole of the articular cartilage of the patella with age (p< 0 .05, rs 0.397); starting slightly above (39% and 46%) and assuming a mid-pole (49%) position along the articular cartilage length in the school-age 5-11 year-old specimens (Figure 1B). Conclusion: In pre-ambulatory and early childhood years, the MPFL inserts on a large portion of the medial border of the patella, covering a distance >50% of the articular surface length and centered above the mid-point of the articular cartilage. During maturation, the length of the articular cartilage of the patella increases at a rate greater than the MPFL, resulting in an MPFL insertion averaging 45% the length of the articular surface and centered near the center-point of the articular cartilage (mean = 49th percentile from the superior border) in school age, pre-adolescents. Significance: Knowledge of the MPFL position relative to the articular cartilage length in children may add to understanding of the development of patellar instability, and aid in the accurate reconstruction of the ligament during treatment. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

Study of the Tubular Billets Geometric Characteristics during Computer Simulation of the Rotary Piercing Process

The results of the computer simulation of the tubular billet rotary piercing process are presented. The research methodology of the deformation zone geometric ratios with due regard for the tubular billet change of shape at each helical curve step was developed .The changes pattern of the helical curve step length (li), quotient reduction (Δr/r0), ratio of the tubular billet radius to the contact surface width (r/b), contact surface length of the tubular billet (l0) with a roll, depending on the feed angle (β), roll rotation frequency (N) and plug nose extension at the gorge (Сg) was established.

Computational Modeling and Microfluidics Reveal Characteristic Patterns of Regulation of Clot Structure and Mechanics By Tissue Factor Localization

The growth of a blood clot is initiated by tissue factor (TF) exposure and is expected to depend on TF localization (i.e., its level and spatial distribution). We sought to understand how the structural and mechanical properties of clots under flow are shaped by simultaneously varying the surface density of TF and its area of exposure. We used a microfluidic device harboring thrombogenic surfaces that differed in length and TF surface density. We perfused human whole blood through this device and continually measured platelet deposition, thrombin formation, and fibrin accumulation by means of fluorescence microscopy. Using our recently developed, detailed mathematical model of spatial clot growth under flow, we performed computational simulations to gain insights into the connection between the structure of a clot and its mechanical properties, such as resistance to blood flow and flow axial velocity. We detected a non-additive, synergistic influence of the thrombogenic surface length and TF surface density on bulk thrombin and fibrin generation. We found that thrombogenic surface length and TF density controlled not only bulk accumulation, but also the occlusivity of the deposited platelet mass, as well as clot resistance to flow. The extent of this control depended on the blood flow velocity. An increase in the TF surface density resulted in condition-dependent differential acceleration of platelet deposition, thrombin formation, and fibrin accumulation. The viscous resistance of the clot was characterized by spatial variations and was higher in the inner clot region. Notably, despite variations in the intraclot structure, variations in the intraclot flow velocity were minor compared to the abrupt decrease in flow velocity at the boundary of the platelet deposition domain. Our analysis revealed characteristic patterns that describe how the shape, size, internal structure, and viscous resistance of a clot depend on the surface density of TF and its area of exposure. Taken together, our results suggest that the structure and mechanics of a growing clot are correlated, but can differ in their regulation by the distinct aspects of TF localization. These findings provide new insights into how initiating signals can temporally and spatially affect thrombus growth under flow. DISCLAIMER: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U.S. Army or of the U.S. Department of Defense. This abstract has been approved for public release with unlimited distribution. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.