scholarly journals Changes in Microbial Biomass, Activity, Functional Diversity, and Enzyme Activity in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) Garden Soils

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Huang ◽  
Dong Xue ◽  
Lian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial

To understand the effects of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) on soil microbiological and biochemical properties, soil samples were collected from tree peony growing sites with 3 growth years and four tree peony cultivars as well as from an adjacent wasteland in a tree peony garden at Luoyang, Henan Province of China. With the development of the tree peony garden ecosystem, soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), basal respiration (Rmic), Cmic as a percent of soil organic C (Cmic/Corg), and enzyme activities first increased and then decreased. For the tree peony cultivars Yao Huang and Dou Lu, Cmic, Rmic, Cmic/Corg, catalase, invertase, cellulose, proteinase, and phosphatase decreased after 5 years of growth, whereas urease decreased after 12 years. For the cultivars Er Qiao and Shou An Hong, catalase, proteinase, and phosphatase decreased after 5 years, whereas Cmic, Rmic, Cmic/Corg, invertase, cellulose, and urease decreased after 12 years. Biolog analysis indicated that the average well color development and microbial functional diversity were significantly greater at the 5-year sites than in the wasteland but decreased significantly as growth continued. The growth duration of tree peony had a greater effect on soil microbial communities than did tree peony cultivar.

scholarly journals Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R. Smith ◽  
Barbara E. Kishchuk ◽  
William W. Mohn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT Wildfires and harvesting are important disturbances to forest ecosystems, but their effects on soil microbial communities are not well characterized and have not previously been compared directly. This study was conducted at sites with similar soil, climatic, and other properties in a spruce-dominated boreal forest near Chisholm, Alberta, Canada. Soil microbial communities were assessed following four treatments: control, harvest, burn, and burn plus timber salvage (burn-salvage). Burn treatments were at sites affected by a large wildfire in May 2001, and the communities were sampled 1 year after the fire. Microbial biomass carbon decreased 18%, 74%, and 53% in the harvest, burn, and burn-salvage treatments, respectively. Microbial biomass nitrogen decreased 25% in the harvest treatment, but increased in the burn treatments, probably because of microbial assimilation of the increased amounts of available NH4 + and NO3 − due to burning. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by nonparametric ordination of molecular fingerprint data of 119 samples from both ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. On the basis of multiresponse permutation procedures, community composition was significantly different among all treatments, with the greatest differences between the two burned treatments versus the two unburned treatments. The sequencing of DNA bands from RISA fingerprints revealed distinct distributions of bacterial divisions among the treatments. Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria were highly characteristic of the unburned treatments, while Betaproteobacteria and members of Bacillus were highly characteristic of the burned treatments. Wildfire had distinct and more pronounced effects on the soil microbial community than did harvesting.

scholarly journals Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Arora ◽  
Divya Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.

Effects of ciprofloxacin on microbial biomass carbon and carbon metabolism diversity of soil microbial communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1506-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
马驿 MA Yi ◽  
彭金菊 PENG Jinju ◽  
王芸 WANG Yun ◽  
陈法霖 CHEN Falin ◽  
陈进军 CHEN Jinjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial

Soil microbial biomass, functional diversity and crop yields following application of cattle manure, hog manure and inorganic fertilizers

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
T. Lea ◽  
J. L. Beaudoin ◽  
G. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Hog Manure

Soil biological properties can be significantly impacted by land management. Cattle manure, hog manure or inorganic fertilizers were applied annually or triennially in field trials conducted at two sites over 3 yr. A control treatment without manure or fertilizer was also included. Canola (Brassica napus) was grown in year 1, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare) in year 2, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in year 3. Where effects were significant, cattle manure increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) by 26% to three-fold, hog manure by 31% to two-fold, and inorganic fertilizers reduced MBC by 20–64%. Similar effects, except the reduction by inorganic fertilizers, were observed for functional diversity of soil bacteria (Shannon index, H′ ). At one site, where crop yields were recorded for 3 yr, hog manure produced greater grain yields (75% increase over the control) than the rest of the treatments (49% increase by cattle manure) in year 1, but cattle manure out-yielded other treatments thereafter, when it increased yields by 25–50%. Cattle manure out-yielded other treatments even when nutrient uptake from inorganic fertilizers was the highest, implying that other factors also influenced crop yields. At the other site, crop yields were recorded only in year 1, and all soil amendments increased canola yields about three-fold relative to the control. Frequency of application usually had no effects on MBC or H′, but the triennial application rate of inorganic fertilizers or hog manure produced lower crop yields than annual applications in year 1. Key words: Functional diversity, Gray Luvisol, manure quality, NPK fertilizers, soil microbial communities

Functional diversity of the microbial community in Mediterranean maquis soils as affected by fires

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria D'Ascoli ◽  
Flora A. Rutigliano ◽  
Raffaele A. De Pascale ◽  
Anna Gentile ◽  
Amalia Virzo De Santo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Microbial Carbon ◽  
Mediterranean Maquis

Fire is a disturbance in the Mediterranean region associated with frequent drought periods, and can affect the soil microbial community, which plays a fundamental role in nutrient cycling. In the present study the effect of low- and high-severity experimental fires on the soil microbial community was evaluated in an Italian Mediterranean maquis. Burned and unburned soils were compared for functional diversity, specific activities, microbial biomass, fungal mycelia and fungal fraction of microbial carbon, during the first year after fire. In the first week after fire, changes in the functional diversity were observed in burned soils, differing also between low- and high-severity fires. Respiration responses to specific organic compounds were generally lower in burned soils during the whole study period, with a percentage of changed responses from 2 to 70%. The general reduction in burned soils of the fungal fraction of microbial carbon (19–61%) and active mycelia (16–55%), together with the increase in microbial biomass carbon (29–42%) during the first 3 months after fire, suggest a larger and longer effect of fire on fungi than on bacteria. The results indicate a rapid recovery of functional diversity in soil after burning despite the persistent reduction of microbial community activity and the change in its structure.

Soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus as affected by frequent drying–rewetting

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Lu Lai ◽  
Xiaorong Zhao ◽  
Guitong Li ◽  
Qimei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Extractable P

Drying and rewetting (DRW) events are very common in arable land. However, it is not clear how the frequency of DRW stress history influences soil carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) dynamics under field conditions. In this study, an arable loam calcareous soil was treated with simulated farming practices that included wheat straw and nitrogen incorporation and three DRW cycles at intervals of 14 days during a 90-day experimental period of incubation at 25°C. The DRW events significantly increased cumulative CO2-C evolution, but the increase rate of cumulative CO2-C evolution declined with increasing DRW cycles. Microbial biomass C (MBC) and P (MBP) decreased by 9–55% and 9–29%, respectively, following each DRW event, but recovered to the level before DRW treatment within 7 days. Frequent drying and rewetting caused significant increases in both extractable organic C and NaHCO3-extractable P, by 10–112% and 10–18%, respectively. The fluctuation of the tested parameters became less with increasing frequency of DRW cycles. Changes in microbial biomass, either MBC or MBP, were poorly correlated with those of extractable organic C and NaHCO3-extractable P. Overall, frequent DRW cycles had much stronger and longer lasting impact on soil biomass P dynamics than biomass C. These findings may imply certain links among soil moisture, microbial activity and nutrient bioavailability that are important in water and nutrient management.

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