scholarly journals Creation of Large Hybrid Populations Using Male-sterile Germplasm as the Female Parent in Jujube

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfen Yan ◽  
Zhiguo Liu ◽  
Mengjun Liu ◽  
Xingjuan Zheng ◽  
Zhi Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

The establishment of large hybrid populations is the key basis to breeding new cultivars and genetic research, such as molecular mapping. However, it is extremely difficult to generate hybrid progeny using conventional artificial hybridization in Chinese jujube (Chinese date) (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) because of its low fruit set of ≈0.01%. The objective of this study was to create large hybrid populations in Chinese jujube using bona fide male-sterile germplasm as the female parent. Two male-sterile varieties that lacked viable pollen (JMS1 and JMS2) previously discovered by our research group and three male-fertile genotypes (‘Xing16’, ‘Jiao5’, and ‘Wuhefeng’) were used as female and male parents, respectively. Bee-aided controlled hybridization of five combinations was conducted from 2014 to 2016. The results indicated that both JMS1 and JMS2 were stable male-sterile germplasm across the years examined. JMS2 showed more effective compatibility with the male parents tested than JMS1. A total of 7681 fruits were obtained from the five cross combinations, and 3120 of them contained seeds. The mean rate of the fruit with seed varied from 32.62% to 64.21%, and the highest rate (73.38%) was obtained from the cross of JMS2 × ‘Xing16’ in 2016. A total of 831 seedlings were obtained and consisted of 602 from JMS2 × ‘Xing16’, 221 from JMS2 × ‘Jiao5’, two from JMS1 × ‘Xing16’, five from JMS1 × ‘Wuhefeng’, and one from JMS2 × ‘Wuhefeng’. The 118 randomly selected progeny seedlings, including 96 from JMS2 × ‘Xing16’ and 22 from JMS2 × ‘Jiao5’, respectively, were identified to be authentic hybrids using SSR markers. Thus, JMS2 is a promising male-sterile female parent that possesses a good cross-compatibility and is free from the need for emasculation, embryo rescue, and hybrid identification. The largest hybrid population of 602 progeny was obtained in Chinese jujube using controlled hybridization. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a highly efficient crossbreeding approach using male-sterile germplasm as the female parent in Chinese jujube.

scholarly journals Hybridization Using a New Male-sterile Germplasm as the Female Parent in Chinese Jujube

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu-rui Wang ◽  
Xiu-mei Cui ◽  
Li Dai ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Jin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Parent ◽  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Male Sterile

A Sorghum bicolor × S. macrospermum hybrid recovered by embryo rescue and culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. James Price ◽  
George L. Hodnett ◽  
Byron L. Burson ◽  
Sally L. Dillon ◽  
William L. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Improvement Programs

Although exotic germplasm is extensively used in sorghum improvement programs, Sorghum species classified in sections other than Eu-sorghum have not been utilised as germplasm because of strong reproductive barriers involving pollen–pistil incompatibilities. S. macrospermum is of particular interest to sorghum breeders because of its close phylogenetic relationship and cytogenetic similarities to S. bicolor and its resistance to important sorghum pests and pathogens, such as sorghum midge and sorghum downy mildew. A vegetatively vigorous interspecific hybrid was obtained from a cross between a cytoplasmic male-sterile S. bicolor plant and S. macrospermum by using embryo rescue and in vitro culture techniques. The hybrid was morphologically intermediate to S. bicolor and S. macrospermum in leaf width, leaf pubescence, plant height, inflorescence morphology, chromosome number and nuclear DNA content. It was male-sterile like its ATx623 parent. The hybrid produced no offspring when used as the female parent in a backcross with S. bicolor. This is the first confirmed hybrid between S. bicolor and S. macrospermum, and to our knowledge, it is the first reported hybrid between S. bicolor and any Sorghum species outside the Eu-sorghum section.

Inheritance of self-compatibility and flower morphology in an inter-specific buckwheat hybrid

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Woo ◽  
Taiji Adachi ◽  
Seung Keun Jong ◽  
Clayton G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Flower Type

This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of self-compatibility and homomorphic flower type when the wild species Fagopyrum homotropicum was crossed with common buckwheat (F. esculentum). Unidirectional interspecific hybrids between cultivated F. esculentum Moench. (common buckwheat) and its wild relative F. homotropicum were produced after controlled pollination and embryo rescue culture. Cross-compatibility was found to be better when thrum-type common buckwheat was used as the female parent rather than the pin-type. The resulting F1 plants were partially fertile, late maturing and intermediate between the parents in flower shape and plant height. They segregated into heterostylic (thrum only) and homostylic types in equal numbers, indicating that homostyly is controlled by a single dominant gene. The thrum-type F1 hybrids were backcrossed to common buckwheat and the progenies were raised utilizing embryo rescue culture. The homostylic F1 hybrids were advanced to the F2 and F3 generations through self-fertilization and utilized, together with the BC1F1, for the analysis of the stylar genes. The results obtained indicate that the genes coding for heterostyly and homostyly are controlled by the multiple allelic gene S. It appears that the pin/thrum complex in F. esculentum is governed by a single genetic locus S with two alleles S and s that control the reaction in Ss (thrum-type) as well as the ss (pin-type) plants, respectively. The homomorphic flower type of F. homotropicum is governed by the allele Sh.. These genes can be characterized by a relationship of dominance, i.e. S > Sh > s. The introgression of F. homotropicum genes into common buckwheat was verified by means of electrophoretic analysis of seed proteins. Key words: Embryo rescue, F. esculentum, F. homotropicum, interspecific hybridization, ovule culture, seed protein

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of a Male Sterile Mutant in Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1155
Author(s):  
Ming-Guang CHU ◽  
Shuang-Cheng LI ◽  
Shi-Quan WANG ◽  
Qi-Ming DENG ◽  
Jing ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Mutant

Marker-assisted breeding of a photoperiod-sensitive male sterile japonica rice with high cross-compatibility with indica rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangming Chen ◽  
Zhigang Zhao ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Linglong Liu ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

Segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and strategies for molecular mapping in tetraploid alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Yu ◽  
K. P. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
Chromatid Segregation

An F1 population was used to analyze the inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tetraploid alfalfa. Of the 32 RAPD markers that were used for a segregation analysis in this study, 27 gave ratios that are consistent with random chromosome and random chromatid segregation at meiosis. However, among all of the RAPD markers (121) that were screened in this study, only one example of a double reduction, that is typical of chromatid segregation, was observed. These results indicate that random chromosome segregation is likely the predominant but not the exclusive mode of inheritance for tetraploid alfalfa. χ2 analyses of cosegregation for RAPD marker pairs derived from the female parent revealed nine linkages that fell into four linkage groups. The recombination fractions among linked marker pairs ranged from 1 to 37%. These are the first molecular linkage groups reported in tetraploid alfalfa. In addition, various strategies for molecular mapping in the tetraploid alfalfa genome are proposed that should be of interest to plant breeders who are planning to use molecular markers for alfalfa or other tetraploid species.Key words: RAPD markers, tetraploid alfalfa, segregation, linkage groups.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes and their responses to phytoplasma infection in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Liu ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Chaoling Xue ◽  
Yuetong Chu ◽  
Weilin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba

scholarly journals Embryo rescue from interspecific crosses in apple rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cibele de Mesquita Dantas ◽  
José Itamar Boneti ◽  
Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Hand Pollination

The objetive of this work was to rescue immature embryos of apple rootstocks Malus prunifolia (Marubakaido) and Malus pumila (M9) after 40-60 days of pollination and to put them into MS culture media supplemented with agar (6 g L-1) and casein hydrolysate (500 mg L-1). Embryos originated from interspecific crosses and open pollination showed differences in the in vitro responses, depending on the female parent, the developmental stage of the embryo, and the culture medium composition. Embryos of the M. pumila rootstock, rescued within 40 days after pollination and put in culture medium supplemented with indolacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin and maltose, resulted in a normal development of plantlets. However, embryos originating from hand-pollination, cultivated in medium supplemented with 14 µM IAA, 5 µM kinetin and 1.5 µM Ga3 (MS1), mainly those of M. prunifolia x M. pumila, showed a high percentage of rusted embryos (96.2%). Embryos from open pollination of M. prunifolia and M. pumila formed calluses. It was possible to identify the influence of the female parent by the enhanced development of M. pumila shoots derived from open or hand-pollination. The crossing of responsive species and the use of the technique of embryo culture provided a rapid and uniform germination and, consequently, the development of fully normal seedlings.

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