Hybridization Using a New Male-sterile Germplasm as the Female Parent in Chinese Jujube

The establishment of large hybrid populations is the key basis to breeding new cultivars and genetic research, such as molecular mapping. However, it is extremely difficult to generate hybrid progeny using conventional artificial hybridization in Chinese jujube (Chinese date) (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) because of its low fruit set of ≈0.01%. The objective of this study was to create large hybrid populations in Chinese jujube using bona fide male-sterile germplasm as the female parent. Two male-sterile varieties that lacked viable pollen (JMS1 and JMS2) previously discovered by our research group and three male-fertile genotypes (‘Xing16’, ‘Jiao5’, and ‘Wuhefeng’) were used as female and male parents, respectively. Bee-aided controlled hybridization of five combinations was conducted from 2014 to 2016. The results indicated that both JMS1 and JMS2 were stable male-sterile germplasm across the years examined. JMS2 showed more effective compatibility with the male parents tested than JMS1. A total of 7681 fruits were obtained from the five cross combinations, and 3120 of them contained seeds. The mean rate of the fruit with seed varied from 32.62% to 64.21%, and the highest rate (73.38%) was obtained from the cross of JMS2 × ‘Xing16’ in 2016. A total of 831 seedlings were obtained and consisted of 602 from JMS2 × ‘Xing16’, 221 from JMS2 × ‘Jiao5’, two from JMS1 × ‘Xing16’, five from JMS1 × ‘Wuhefeng’, and one from JMS2 × ‘Wuhefeng’. The 118 randomly selected progeny seedlings, including 96 from JMS2 × ‘Xing16’ and 22 from JMS2 × ‘Jiao5’, respectively, were identified to be authentic hybrids using SSR markers. Thus, JMS2 is a promising male-sterile female parent that possesses a good cross-compatibility and is free from the need for emasculation, embryo rescue, and hybrid identification. The largest hybrid population of 602 progeny was obtained in Chinese jujube using controlled hybridization. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a highly efficient crossbreeding approach using male-sterile germplasm as the female parent in Chinese jujube.

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Sorghum bicolor x S. halepense interspecific hybridization is influenced by the frequency of 2n gametes in S. bicolor

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53193-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George L. Hodnett ◽

Sara Ohadi ◽

N. Ace Pugh ◽

Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽

William L. Rooney

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Interspecific Hybridization ◽

2N Gametes ◽

Female Parent ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Parent Selection ◽

2N Gamete

AbstractTetraploid johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a sexually-compatible weedy relative of diploid sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. To determine the extent of interspecific hybridization between male sterile grain sorghum and johnsongrass and the ploidy of their progeny, cytoplasmic (CMS), genetic (GMS) and chemically induced male sterile lines of Tx623 and Tx631 were pollinated with johnsongrass pollen. At maturity 1% and 0.07% of the developing seeds of Tx623 and Tx631 respectively were recovered. Ninety-one percent of recovered hybrids were tetraploid and two percent were triploid, the tetraploids resulting from 2n gametes present in the sorghum female parent. Their formation appears to be genotype dependent as more tetraploids were recovered from Tx623 than Tx631. Because a tetraploid sorghum x johnsongrass hybrid has a balanced genome, they are male and female fertile providing opportunities for gene flow between the two species. Given the differences in 2n gamete formation among Tx623 and Tx631, seed parent selection may be one way of reducing the likelihood of gene flow. These studies were conducted in controlled and optimum conditions; the actual outcrossing rate in natural conditions is expected to be much lower. More studies are needed to assess the rates of hybridization, fitness, and fertility of the progeny under field conditions.

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A natural first-generation hybrid between Rorippa barbareaefolia and R. islandica

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b68-139 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 1079-1081

Author(s):

Gerald A. Mulligan ◽

A. E. Porsild

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Female Parent ◽

Yukon Territory ◽

Male Parent ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Pollen Mother Cells ◽

Mother Cells ◽

Generation Hybrid

All the seeds taken from a fruiting specimen of Rorippa barbareaefolia (2n = 16) growing in the Yukon Territory produced plants with 24 somatic chromosomes. These plants were first-generation hybrids between R. barbareaefolia (2n = 16) and R. islandica (2n = 23). The female parent, R. barbareaefolia, was male sterile. Pairing configurations in pollen mother cells of these first generation hybrids suggested that the male parent, R. islandica, was autotetraploid.

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Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

10.1101/400531 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Vikrant Tyagi ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Prashant Kaushik ◽

Satwinder Kaur Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Female Parent ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽

Cytoplasmic Effects ◽

Biological Yield

Abstract:Sunflower is sensitive to drought and its hybrids have a limited cytoplasmic diversity. The wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well exploited to their potential for drought tolerance and hybrid development. In this respect, we carried out a Line × Tester based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty one-way F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes viz., normal irrigated and water stress. A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years. The significant differences were observed between parents and hybrids in both water regimes. Hybrids were higher in average values for all the descriptors than parents. The role of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content was three times higher in parents and their hybrids under water stress, and it was not correlated with any other descriptor. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight. Whereas, CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both the conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance when used in the different combinations.

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A Sorghum bicolor × S. macrospermum hybrid recovered by embryo rescue and culture

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt04213 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 579 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

H. James Price ◽

George L. Hodnett ◽

Byron L. Burson ◽

Sally L. Dillon ◽

William L. Rooney

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Dna ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Female Parent ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Leaf Pubescence ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

Improvement Programs

Although exotic germplasm is extensively used in sorghum improvement programs, Sorghum species classified in sections other than Eu-sorghum have not been utilised as germplasm because of strong reproductive barriers involving pollen–pistil incompatibilities. S. macrospermum is of particular interest to sorghum breeders because of its close phylogenetic relationship and cytogenetic similarities to S. bicolor and its resistance to important sorghum pests and pathogens, such as sorghum midge and sorghum downy mildew. A vegetatively vigorous interspecific hybrid was obtained from a cross between a cytoplasmic male-sterile S. bicolor plant and S. macrospermum by using embryo rescue and in vitro culture techniques. The hybrid was morphologically intermediate to S. bicolor and S. macrospermum in leaf width, leaf pubescence, plant height, inflorescence morphology, chromosome number and nuclear DNA content. It was male-sterile like its ATx623 parent. The hybrid produced no offspring when used as the female parent in a backcross with S. bicolor. This is the first confirmed hybrid between S. bicolor and S. macrospermum, and to our knowledge, it is the first reported hybrid between S. bicolor and any Sorghum species outside the Eu-sorghum section.

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Exploitation of nuclear and cytoplasm variability in Hordeum chilense for wheat breeding

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262111000402 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 313-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cristina Rodríguez-Suárez ◽

María J. Giménez ◽

María C. Ramírez ◽

Azahara C. Martín ◽

Natalia Gutierrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Female Parent ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Hordeum Chilense ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Alloplasmic Lines ◽

Ideal System

Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz. is a diploid wild barley native to Chile and Argentina. The high crossability of this species with other members of the Triticeae tribe promoted the development of the new species × Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner. Hexaploid tritordeum was developed from the hybrid derived from the cross between H. chilense (used as female parent) and durum wheat. The interest of H. chilense is based on the presence of traits potentially useful for wheat breeding, including high endosperm carotenoid content, septoria tritici blotch resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Besides, the variability at cytoplasm level is also important in this species. The development of common wheat–H. chilense alloplasmic lines (nucleus from wheat and cytoplasm from H. chilense) results in fertile or male sterile genotypes, depending on the accession donating the cytoplasm. Furthermore, these alloplasmic lines constitute an ideal system for deepening our knowledge on nuclear–cytoplasm interactions. In conclusion, H. chilense is an interesting source of variability for wheat breeding.

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Interspecific introgression of male sterility from tetraploid oilseed Brassica napus to diploid vegetable B. rapa through hybridisation and backcrossing

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 652 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhengjie Wan ◽

Yuanbao Tan ◽

Minhui Shi ◽

Yuejin Xu ◽

Nader Aryamanesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Female Parent ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Interspecific Introgression ◽

C Genome ◽

Inbreeding Line

Interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between a male sterile Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AA (20) and CC (18) genomes) and an inbreeding line B. rapa (Purple Cai-Tai inbred line 9418, 2n = 2x = 20, AA (20) genome) to introgress male sterility from a tetraploid into a diploid through backcrossing. The morphological characteristics of F1 plants were more like the female parent B. napus and segregated considerably in BC1 when backcrossed to the recurrent parent Purple Cai-Tai. The progeny became stable and more similar to Purple Cai-Tai by BC4. Most C genome chromosomes were found to be eliminated, based on cytogenetic analysis. The majority of chromosomes were eliminated at very early backcross stages, with only 20–26 chromosomes in BC1 plants, and some chromosomes were eliminated gradually with increased backcross generations. The BC4 plants were generally stable with exactly 20 chromosomes. Analysis by AFLP indicated that 49.5–68.7% of the total bands eliminated from F1 to BC4 were female parent specific, and ~12% of B. napus bands were retained with increased backcrossing. The genetic materials controlling sterility from the female parent B. napus were introgressed successfully into the BC4 plants even though most B. napus chromosomes/genetic materials were eliminated during the backcross process.

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Manifestations of Heterosis in Grain Sorghum

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700007031 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. E. Kambal ◽

E. H. Abu-El-Gasim

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Female Parent ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Individual Grains

SUMMARYThe magnitude of heterosis for 15 characters was studied in ten sorghum hybrids, produced by crossing ten restorer varieties with male-sterile Combine Kafir 60 as a common female parent. The most evident expressions of heterosis were higher yield and increased vegetative growth, often associated with delay in flowering. The increase in yield of the hybrids over their superior parents, ranging from 35 to 238%, resulted mainly from an increase in number of grains per head, rather than from an increase in the weight of individual grains. The regressions of hybrids on male parents, and the correlations of yield with other characters were studied, and the prospects of producing adapted hybrids for the Sudan are briefly discussed.

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Influence of cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer lines on the grain yield stability of sunflower under different environmental conditions

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.60.2012.3.7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 247-255

Author(s):

I. Liović ◽

A. Mijić ◽

M. Krizmanić ◽

P. Pepó ◽

V. Kovačević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Female Parent ◽

Field Trials ◽

Yield Stability ◽

Restorer Line ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Yield Data ◽

Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

Environmental conditions (soil, weather) have the greatest impact on the production of all crops, so it is necessary to check the behaviour of new hybrid combinations under diverse environmental conditions. In 2009 and 2010, field trials were sown at various locations in Croatia to test new sunflower hybrid combinations bred at the Agricultural Institute in Osijek. In both years, the trials were conducted in Beli Manastir (BM09 and BM10), Nova Gradiška (NG09 and NG10) and Osijek (Os09 and Os10), while in 2010, a trial was also sown in Vukovar (Vu10). The genotypes included three cytoplasmic male sterile lines (cms 1–3) as female parent with a set of 8 fertility restorer lines (four branching restorers: oG1–4 and four single-headed restorers: oM5–8). The grain yield data were processed for years and locations (7 environments) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis with the SAS for Windows 9.1 statistical software. To obtain a better picture of the grain yield stability of the hybrid combinations in different environments, AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots were made using IRRISTAT for Windows 5.0 software. No significant differences were found between the hybrid combinations of the female lines (cms 1–3). Among the environments, the significantly highest grain yield was recorded in the environment Os09 (4.220 t ha−1), followed by BM09 and Os10. As regards the restorers the highest grain yields (statistically on par with each other) were found for hybrid combinations involving oG2 and oM7 (3.726 and 3.666 t ha−1). Together, the first two interaction principle components (IPC) explained 85.4, 76.6 and 64.8% of the variability for crosses involving cms1, cms2 and cms3, respectively. The AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots showed that the highest yielding hybrid combinations did not have the most stable grain yield. The greatest stability was shown by restorer line oM7 in cross combinations with inbred lines cms1 and cms2, while the same restorer line exhibited a large genotype × environment interaction and low stability when crossed with cms3.

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Male sterility in field beans (Vicia faba L.). IV. Use of cytoplasmic male sterility in the production of F1 hybrids, and their performance in trials

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960006367x ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 369-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. A. Bond ◽

J. L. Fyfe ◽

Gillian Toynbee-Clarke

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Large Scale ◽

Female Parent ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Scale Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

High Level ◽

Tolerable Level ◽

Field Beans

1. A method of producing hybrid beans with the aid of a cytoplasmic male-sterile is described.2. Most of the requirements of large scale production of hybrid seed can be met: use of genetic markers showed that the male sterility allowed 100% cross fertilization; there was no evidence of a deficiency of insect pollinators near Cambridge; and fertility restoring lines are available.3. The importance of being able to maintain a high level of sterility in the female parent line is emphasized. Methods of improving the proportion of sterile plants in the sterile phase of an inbred are discussed. The tolerable level of fertility in progenies of sterile parents depends on the level of sterility necessary in the female parent of the final cross. Five inbreds are being handled with less than 2% of fertile plants in their sterile phase.

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