scholarly journals Southern Highbush Blueberry Response to Mulch

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Clark ◽  
J.N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush

Blue Ridge, Cape Fear, Georgiagem, and O Neal southern highbush blueberry cultivars were grown for 5 years on a fine sandy loam soil in a comparison of plants either mulched with uncomposted pine sawdust and woodchips or nonmulched. Other cultural practices were identical and all plants received the same amount of trickle irrigation. A significant mulch × cultivar interaction for yield and mulch × plant age interactions for yield, individual berry weight, and plant volume were found. Cape Fear was the highest-yielding mulched cultivar, followed by Blueridge, Georgiagem, and O Neal. Mulched plants had higher yields and produced larger plants. Average individual berry weight was greater for mulched plants in the first year of harvest, but not different among treatments in other years. The data reveal that these southern highbush cultivars performed similar to northern highbush (Vaccinicum corymbosum L.) in their need for mulching for adequate production on upland soils.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY TO SAWDUST MULCH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 852d-852
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
James N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
General Response

The southern highbush blueberry cultivars `Blueridge', `Cape Fear', `Georgiagem' and `O'Neal' were evaluated for their response to sawdust/woodchip mulch for five years at Clarksville, Arkansas on a Linker fine sandy loam soil. Mulched plants produced higher yields and larger plant volumes than non-mulched. Berry weight was similar for mulch treatment except for the first fruiting year. All cultivars responded to mulch, although `Blueridge' and 'Cape Fear' produced the higher yields. General response of these cultivars of southern highbush was similar to that of northern highbush in previous mulch studies in Arkansas.

scholarly journals Interspecific and Intraspecific Pollination Effects in Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton L. Gupton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Blue Ridge ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Partial Diallel

To determine the effects of pollen source on blueberry production, we made a partial diallel set of crosses involving seven rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and seven southern highbush (SH; V. corymbosum L.) parents. Pollination of rabbiteye blueberry flowers with SH pollen reduced fruit set, seeds per berry, and berry weight and increased fruit development period (FDP) compared to pollination with rabbiteye pollen. Pollination of SH flowers with rabbiteye pollen resulted in about the same fruit set and FDP but fewer seeds per berry and slightly lower berry weight compared to intraspecific pollination. Self-pollination significantly decreased the number of seeds per berry and berry weight and increased FDP in SH. Pollination of rabbiteye and SH flowers with mixed pollen produced the same results as intraspecific pollination. Using `Tifblue' and `Baldwin' (rabbiteye) as the pollen parent significantly increased FDP in rabbiteye blueberry. Using `Georgiagem' and `Cape Fear' as pollen parents produced the longest FDP, and using `O'Neal' and `Gulfcoast' produced the shortest FDP in SH blueberry. The heaviest berries were produced by using `Blue Ridge', `O'Neal', and `Gulfcoast' (SH) as pollen parents on SH females. These results suggest that xenia possibly could be used to increase yield and reduce FDP in blueberry.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF `GULFCOAST' SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 636f-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Irrigation Levels

In a 1989 field study, `Gulfcoast' southern highbush blueberry plants were subjected to irrigation [8 liters per week (low) and 30 liters per week (high)], mulching (none and 15 cm height), row height (level and raised 10-15 cm), and soil incorporated peat (none and 15 liters in each planting hole) treatments at establishment. Plants were grown on a well-drained fine sandy loam soil that contained < 1.0% organic matter. Plant volume was increased by either mulching, high irrigation, incorporated peat moss or level beds. Fruit yields were not significantly affected by irrigation levels but were highest with either mulching, level beds or incorporated peat moss. The bed height X mulching interaction indicated that mulching increased yield more with level beds than with raised beds. Plants grown with the combination of mulching, level beds, incorporated peat moss, and high irrigation levels yielded 1.1 kg per plant or approximately 10 times more than plants grown without mulch, with raised beds, without peat moss, and with the low rates of irrigation. Of the 4 establishment practices evaluated, mulching had the greatest influence on plant growth and fruiting.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Rate Response on `Cape Fear' Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 555A-555
Author(s):  
Manjula Carter ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Mike Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
N Rates

The southern highbush blueberry is a hybrid of Vaccinium corymbosum L. and one or more southern-adapted Vaccinium species. The southern highbush is advantageous to blueberry growers in the South since its fruit ripen 1 to 4 weeks in advance of traditional rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) cultivars. Only limited research has been done on cultural aspects of southern highbush production. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum nitrogen rate for the southern highbush blueberry. A planting of pine straw-mulched `Cape Fear' blueberry was established in 1994 at the Southwest Research and Extension Center, Hope, Ark. Nitrogen rate treatments (0, 67, 134, 202, 269 kg·ha-1 N) were applied annually over a 3-year period (1997-99) with urea as the N source. Soil samples were taken prior to N fertilization to determine if N applied the previous year influenced current soil analysis values. Foliar elemental composition, fruit yield and individual berry weight were also determined for each treatment. Soil analysis indicated that the carryover effect of N applications from previous years was minimal. However, a possible decline in soil pH, Ca, and Mg over time at the higher N rates indicated that these variables should be closely monitored. No consistent relationship was evident between N application rate and soil nitrate. Nitrogen application rate did not have any consistent impact on yield, berry weight or foliar elemental composition. However, based on foliar N, the data indicate that N rates of 67-134 kg·ha-1 N are adequate for southern highbush in mulched culture.

scholarly journals Establishment and Early Growth and Yield of `Gulfcoast' Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Low Rate

In a field study, `Gulfcoast' southern highbush blueberry plants were subjected to irrigation [7.5 L (low) or 30 L per week (high)], mulching (none or 15 cm depth), row height (level or raised 15 cm), and soil-incorporated peatmoss (none or 15 L in each planting hole) treatments, in a factorial arrangement, at establishment. Plants were grown on a well-drained fine sandy loam soil that contained <1.0% organic matter. Plant volume and fruit yield were greater with mulching, high irrigation, incorporated peatmoss, and level beds. Plants grown with the combination of mulching, level beds, incorporated peatmoss, and high irrigation levels yielded 2.4 kg per plant or approximately eight times as much as plants grown without mulch, with raised beds, without peatmoss, and with the low rate of irrigation. Of the four establishment practices evaluated, mulching had the greatest influence on plant growth and fruiting.

Adsorption of Buthidazole, VEL 3510, Tebuthiuron, and Fluridone by Organic Matter, Montmorillonite Clay, Exchange Resins, and a Sandy Loam Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Exchange Resins

Adsorption isotherms were obtained for buthidazole {3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone}, VEL 3510 {1-β,β-dimethoxy-1-methyl-3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]urea}, tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea}, and fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4 (1H)-pyridinone} on soil organic matter (H- and Ca-saturated), Ca-montmorillonite, and Cape Fear sandy loam soil. Prometryn [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] was included as a reference. The order of adsorption on all adsorbents was fluridone ≥ prometryn > > tebuthiuron ≥ VEL 3510 > buthidazole. Fluridone adsorption on the various adsorbents was: H-organic matter > Ca-montmorillonite > Ca-organic matter > > Cape Fear sandy loam. Tebuthiuron, VEL 3510, and buthidazole adsorption on the various adsorbents was in the order: H-organic matter > Ca-organic matter = Ca-montmorillonite > Cape Fear sandy loam. Adsorption of all herbicides increased with decreasing pH, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism was molecular under neutral pH conditions and ionic under acidic conditions. All of the herbicides were adsorbed in high amounts as protonated species on IR-120-H cation exchange resin and in low amounts as molecular species on IR-400-Cl anion exchange resin. Buthidazole and VEL 3510 were adsorbed in high amounts as anionic species by the IR-400-Cl exchange resin at high pH levels.

scholarly journals FLOWER BUD HARDINESS OF SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 430d-430
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Robert Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Blue Ridge ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush

The southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) `Blueridge', `Cape Fear', `Cooper', `Georgiagem', `Gulf Coast', and `O'Neal'; the rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) `Climax'; and the highbush (V. corymbosum L.) `Bluecrop' were evaluated for ovary damage following exposure of flower buds to 0 to 30C in a programmable freezer in Dec. 1993 and Jan. and Feb. 1994. The plants sampled were growing at the Univ. of Arkansas Fruit Substation, Clarksville. Damage was based on oxidative browning of the ovaries following an incubation period after removal from the freezer. With the exception of `Climax', a minimum temperature of –15C was required before bud damage was sufficient enough to differentiate among cultivars. All southern highbush cultivars and `Bluecrop' had superior hardiness compared to `Climax' at –15C in December, –20C in January, and –15C in February. Maximum hardiness of all cultivars was found in January. The hardier southern highbush cultivars were `Cape Fear' and `Blue Ridge'. Less hardy cultivars were `Gulf Coast, `Cooper', `Georgiagem', and `O'Neal', although the date of sampling affected the ranking of these clones for hardiness, especially for the February sample date. `Bluecrop' was not consistently hardier than the hardier southern highbush cultivars, except at the February sample date.

scholarly journals Effects of Timing and Intensity of Summer Pruning on Reproductive Traits of Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1486-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson P. Kovaleski ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Bruno Casamali ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Main Effects

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) summer pruning can increase yield by promoting healthy fall foliage to support the reproductive development. However, there has been little research to examine the effects of timing and intensity of summer pruning in subtropical conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of summer pruning timing and intensity on reproductive traits of mature ‘Jewel’ and ‘Emerald’ southern highbush blueberry (SHB) plants (V. corymbosum L. interspecific hybrid) in subtropical Florida. The effect of pruning time was evaluated by removing 30% of the canopy in June or July. The effect of intensity was evaluated by pruning either 30% or 60% of the canopy in June, followed by removal of the upper 5 cm of regrowth (“tipping”) in July. Both timing and intensity used nonpruned plants as a control. The same plants were evaluated over three consecutive seasons (June 2011–May 2014). Main effects of pruning time, intensity, and tipping were evaluated. Tipping did not affect the reproductive traits evaluated. ‘Emerald’ reproductive traits were unaffected by either summer pruning time or intensity over the 3-year study. ‘Jewel’ yield was unaffected in the first year, but was increased by 48% and 65% in years 2 and 3, respectively, in the 30% pruning treatment compared with the nonpruned control. Lack of pruning in ‘Jewel’ decreased inflorescence bud number compared with moderate pruning likely due to more diseased foliage that increased defoliation. Thus, pruning effects on reproductive traits were cultivar dependent. Leaving ‘Jewel’ plants unpruned for two or more seasons reduced inflorescence bud number and yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilizer Rate and Form on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Southern Highbush Blueberry in Pine Bark Culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
E.P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Southern Highbush

Growth and yield of ‘Misty’ and ‘Star’ southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid) plants that were grown in pine bark culture were evaluated under several rates of granular or liquid fertilizers. Granular fertilizer resulted in larger canopy volumes and slightly greater annual fruit yield than liquid fertilizer. In 2003 and 2004, canopy growth increased linearly as fertilizer rate increased up to the highest rate tested [81 g nitrogen (N), 11.8 g phosphorus (P), and 44.6 g potassium (K) per plant per year]. Similarly, a positive relationship was found for fruit yield and fertilizer rate during all 3 years. Berry yield was positively correlated with canopy size, and there was no relationship between fertilizer rate and berry yield per canopy volume, indicating that yield and canopy volume increased proportionally with increased fertilizer rate. Mean ‘Star’ berry weight was greater for granular fertilizer treatments than for liquid fertilizer treatments, but mean berry weight of ‘Misty’ was unaffected by fertilizer form. At the end of the experiment, visual examination of eight plants excavated by hand indicated that root systems of blueberry plants were primarily located in the pine bark layer with very few roots penetrating into the underlying soil. Limited water and nutrient holding capacities of pine bark, coupled with frequent irrigations to the shallow root systems in pine bark culture, probably resulted in considerable nutrient leaching and a high fertilizer requirement.

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