Adsorption of Buthidazole, VEL 3510, Tebuthiuron, and Fluridone by Organic Matter, Montmorillonite Clay, Exchange Resins, and a Sandy Loam Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Exchange Resins

Adsorption isotherms were obtained for buthidazole {3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone}, VEL 3510 {1-β,β-dimethoxy-1-methyl-3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]urea}, tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea}, and fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4 (1H)-pyridinone} on soil organic matter (H- and Ca-saturated), Ca-montmorillonite, and Cape Fear sandy loam soil. Prometryn [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] was included as a reference. The order of adsorption on all adsorbents was fluridone ≥ prometryn > > tebuthiuron ≥ VEL 3510 > buthidazole. Fluridone adsorption on the various adsorbents was: H-organic matter > Ca-montmorillonite > Ca-organic matter > > Cape Fear sandy loam. Tebuthiuron, VEL 3510, and buthidazole adsorption on the various adsorbents was in the order: H-organic matter > Ca-organic matter = Ca-montmorillonite > Cape Fear sandy loam. Adsorption of all herbicides increased with decreasing pH, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism was molecular under neutral pH conditions and ionic under acidic conditions. All of the herbicides were adsorbed in high amounts as protonated species on IR-120-H cation exchange resin and in low amounts as molecular species on IR-400-Cl anion exchange resin. Buthidazole and VEL 3510 were adsorbed in high amounts as anionic species by the IR-400-Cl exchange resin at high pH levels.

scholarly journals Changes in soil organic matter over 70 years in continuous arable and ley-arable rotations on a sandy loam soil in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
K. Coleman ◽  
A. J. Macdonald ◽  
R. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals A Rhizogenic Biostimulant Effect on Soil Fertility and Roots Growth of Turfgrass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Salima Yousfi ◽  
José Marín ◽  
Lorena Parra ◽  
Jaime Lloret ◽  
Pedro V. Mauri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to severe environmental damages. In recent decades, the application of biostimulants to improve soil composition and stimulate plant growth has contributed significantly to environmental preservation. In this paper, we studied the effect of a rhizogenic biostimulant, obtained from fulvic acids, probiotics, and prebiotics, on the fertility of two types of soils, sandy and sandy loam soils, in which turfgrass was growing. Soil samples from plots treated with biostimulant and controls (untreated plots) were collected. The analyzed parameters from the soil include organic matter, microbial activity, soil chemical composition, catalase, dehydrogenase, and phosphatase enzyme activities. Moreover, root lengths was examined and compared in turfgrass species. The biostimulant application improved microbial activity, organic matter, and enzymatic activity in both types of soils. The soil calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus content increased with the biostimulant application, whereas pH and electrical conductivity decreased. The most relevant improvement was a 77% increase of calcium for sandy loam soil and 38% increase in potassium for sandy soil. Biostimulant application led to a significant increase in turf root length. This increase was greater for sandy soil than in sandy loam soil with an increment of 43% and 34% respectively, compared to control.

scholarly journals Soil Quality Factors Affecting Garlic Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 445D-445
Author(s):  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
David E. Birong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Loam Soil

Recent demand for high-quality garlic (Allium sativum L.) has prompted an interest in growing garlic as an alternative crop in the Upper Midwest. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of various amendments on garlic growth and selected soil quality indices in two contrasting soils. Garlic (Rocambole type) was planted in the fall of 1995 on a Kandota sandy loam (5% organic matter) and a Spartan loamy sand (1.5% organic matter). Three treatments replicated three times were tested: 1) a nonamended control, 2) manure compost, and 3) fertilizer application based on a soil test. Scapes were removed on half the plants in each plot and allowed to grow until harvest on the other half. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were determined before planting and about 4 weeks after emergence. Within each site, the effect of soil amendments on garlic yield depended on scape removal. Garlic yield in nonamended soil was lowest when scapes were not removed. The effect of scape removal tended to diminish when compost or fertilizer was applied. Overall yields were 35% higher in the sandy loam soil compared to the loamy sand soil. Drought stress occurred during bulbing at both locations. Higher yields in the sandy loam soil were likely due to its higher water-holding capacity. Soil amendments did not consistently affect microbial biomass N and C; however, the sandy loam soil had 2 to 6 times higher biomass N and 3 to 4 times higher biomass C than the loamy sand soil and reflected the higher organic matter content of the sandy loam.

Toxicity of Residual Herbicides to Peaches (Prunus persica) and the Interaction With Soil Mounding

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A. Majek ◽  
William V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
One Year

The phytotoxicity of three herbicides commonly used on peaches was evaluated in the greenhouse and in the field. Peaches grown using standard sand culture techniques in the greenhouse were treated with diuron, terbacil, and simazine at 0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 ppmw for 4 weeks. Peaches were most sensitive to diuron and least sensitive to terbacil. Field studies showed peaches grown in a sandy loam soil low in organic matter were more likely to be injured by terbacil than diuron or simazine. Soil mounded around the trunk to prevent winter injury did not affect peach tolerance to diuron or simazine but increased terbacil injury in one year.

Fate of biuret 15N and its effect on net mineralisation of native soil N in forest soils

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
J. M. Xue ◽  
P. W. Clinton ◽  
R. Sands ◽  
T. W. Payn ◽  
M. F. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Net Mineralisation ◽  
N Pool

Biuret (C2H5N3O2) priming effect on mineralisation of native soil N has not been precisely quantified in previous studies, although it is a potential microbial activity regulator and slow-release N fertiliser. Following application of biuret at concentrations of 0 (B0) and 100 (B100) mg/kg (oven-dried) soil, we measured the dynamics of biuret-derived 15N in soil N pools, soil C mineralisation, and microbial biomass C in a sandy loam and a silt loam during a 112-day-long incubation to investigate the fate of biuret 15N and its effect on net mineralisation of native soil N. Biuret was decomposed faster in the sandy loam soil than the silt loam soil. In the sandy loam soil, the stabilised N pool was a strong sink for the biuret-derived 15N and accumulated about half of the applied 15N at the end of incubation. In the silt loam soil, 68% of the 15N applied was recovered in the NO3−-N pool and the stabilised N pool accumulated only about 25% of the applied 15N at the end of incubation. Biuret addition increased the turnover rate constant of soil organic matter and caused a real priming effect on net mineralisation of native soil N in both soils. The additional mineralisation of native soil N was 20.1 mg/kg (equivalent to 27.3 kg N/ha) in the sandy loam soil and 20.5 mg/kg (equivalent to 57.3 kg N/ha) in the silt loam soil. Biuret priming effect was related to the acceleration of soil organic matter decomposition by increased microbial activity at an early stage and the death/decay of microbes at a later stage of incubation. The native soil N released through the priming effect was partially from soil non-biomass organic matter and partially from soil microbial biomass.

EFFECTS OF SOIL PROPERTIES AND AMENDMENTS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF ZINC IN SOILS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extractable Zn

In a soil incubation experiment with different rates of Zn, the amounts of Zn extracted with 0.005 M DTPA, 1 M MgCl2, and 0.01 M CaCl2 increased with an increase in the organic matter content of a neutral sandy loam soil and with alfalfa added as an organic amendment. Addition of muck and peat increased the amount of Zn exchanged with 1 M MgCl2 but decreased the amount soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, whereas addition of clay increased the amount of exchangeable Zn but decreased the amounts in the DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts. Liming of an acid sandy loam soil (pH 4.9) to about the neutral point reduced the amounts of extractable Zn markedly. A pretreatment of the soils with phosphate almost invariably increased the amounts of extractable Zn. In a corresponding pot experiment, the highest rate of Zn (250 ppm) reduced the yield of corn slightly, prevented the growth of lettuce, and reduced the yield of alfalfa markedly when these crops were grown successively in the acid soil. The concentration of Zn reached levels of 792 ppm in the corn and 702 ppm in the alfalfa. Addition of 50 ppm Zn to the acid soil restricted the growth of lettuce and increased the concentration of Zn to 523 ppm. Despite discrepancies, the concentrations of Zn in the plants as influenced by soil organic matter, organic amendments and liming were usually in accord with the amounts of Zn extracted from the soils. But the P pretreatment tended to decrease the concentration of Zn in corn and lettuce. The mean weight concentrations of Zn in the three species were correlated significantly with the amounts of Zn extracted with 0.005 M DTPA (r = +0.73), 1 M MgCl2 (r = +0.93) and 0.01 M CaCl2 (r = +0.90).

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