scholarly journals Irradiance Levels Affect in vitro and Greenhouse Growth, Flowering, and Photosynthetic Behavior of A Hybrid Phalaenopsis Orchid

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Konow ◽  
Yin-Tung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Sucrose Level

Presently, there are no standards for producing Phalaenopsis Blume (the moth orchids) as a flowering, potted crop. Determining optimal irradiance for in vitro and greenhouse production will help optimize growth and flowering. Four-month-old, aseptically propagated Phalaenopsis Atien Kaala seedlings with 1.0 cm leaf spread were transferred to a sterile agar medium in November 1995. They were placed under 10, 20, 40, or 80 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from cool-white fluorescent lamps. In June 1996, plants grown under 40 or 80 μmol·m-2·s-1 in vitro PPF had 38% greater fresh weight (FW), wider leaves, and more roots than those under the two lower PPF levels. Plants from each in vitro PPF were then transplanted and grown ex vitro in a greenhouse (GH) under high, medium, or low PPF, representing 12.0%, 5.4%, or 2.6% of full sunlight, respectively. Full sunlight at this location was 2300 and 1700 μmol·m-2·s-1 in August 1996 and January 1997, respectively. In November 1996 and June 1997, plants that had received 40 μmol·m-2·s-1 in vitro PPF and then grown under the high or medium GH PPF had the greatest FWs. Overall, plants under the high, medium, or low GH PPF had average FWs of 61, 36, or 17 g, respectively, in June 1997. By mid-September 1997, plants had increasingly larger leaves and higher concentrations of malic acid, sucrose, and starch as GH PPF increased. Leaf glucose and fructose concentrations remained constant as GH PPF increased; however, sucrose level doubled and malic acid concentration increased by nearly 50% from the low to high GH PPF. Each doubling in GH PPF more than doubled plant FW. Plants grown under the high, medium, or low GH PPF had 98%, 77%, or 2% flowering, respectively, in Spring 1998. Anthesis occurred 2 weeks earlier under the high GH PPF. Plants grown under the high GH PPF had twice as many flowers and larger flowers than those grown under the medium PPF.

scholarly journals Low-temperature Storage for Quality Preservation and Growth Suppression of Broccoli Plantlets Cultured in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Toyoki Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescence Kinetics ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations ◽  
Temperature Storage

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis Group `Ryokurei') plantlets, cultured photoautotrophically (without sugar in the medium) in vitro for 3 weeks at 23C and 160 μmol·m–2·s–1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), were stored for 6 weeks at 5, 10, or 15C under 0 (darkness) or 2 μmol·m–2·s–1 PPF (continuous lighting) supplied by fluorescent lamps (white light). Dry weight of the plantlets stored for 6 weeks at 5 or 10C in light was not significantly different from that of the plantlets before storage. Dry weight of the plantlets decreased as temperature increased and was maintained at higher levels in light than in darkness. Chlorophyll concentrations of the plantlets were higher at the lower temperatures. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics indicated higher activities of chlorophyll of the plantlets stored in light than in darkness. Lighting at as low as 2 μmol·m–2·s–1 PPF was important to preserve photosynthetic and regrowth abilities and dry weight of the plantlets during low-temperature storage.

scholarly journals Growth and Net Photosynthetic Rate of Solanun tuberosum in Vitro under Forced and Natural Ventilation

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1312-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Toyoki Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Photoautotrophic Micropropagation ◽  
Plantlet In Vitro

Growth and net photosynthetic rate of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) `Benimaru' plantlet in vitro were studied under a conventional photomixotrophic condition [with 20 g sucrose/liter in the medium and under 70 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] with minimal ventilation (MV) and under photoautotrophic conditions (without sugar in the medium and under 190 μmol·m-2·s-l PPF) with enhanced natural ventilation using an air diffusive filter (DV) or with forced ventilation (FV). Fresh weight of the plantlets cultured in the FV and DV treatments was 2.4 times that of the plantlets cultured in the MV treatment. Net photosynthetic rate and dry weight per plantlet were the highest in FV followed by DV. For photoautotrophic micropropagation, FV was superior to DV.

Effects of Irridiance Levels during Flasking and Greenhouse Production on Growth and Flowering of the Phalaenopsis Orchid

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 537d-537
Author(s):  
Elise A. Konow ◽  
Yin-Tung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Greenhouse Production

Four-month-old, aseptically raised Phalaenopsis Atien Kaala `TSC 22' seedlings 1.0 cm in leaf spread were transferred (Nov. 1995) 25 per polycarbonate box to an agar medium and placed under 10, 20, 40, or 80 mol·–2·s–1 PPF from cool-white fluorescent tubes. In June 1996, plants grown under 40 or 80 mol·–2·s–1 PPF had greater mass, wider leaves, and more roots than those under the two lower PPF. Plants were then transplanted and grown in a greenhouse (GH) under 340, 170, or 85 mol·–2·s–1maximum PPF. In May 1997, plants previously produced under 40 mol·–2·s–1 PPF had longer, wider, and thicker leaves than those under 10 mol·–2·s–1 PPF when grown under the two higher GH PPF. Under the low GH PPF, however, plants were equally small, regardless of the previous flasking PPF levels. Plants under the high, medium, and low GH PPF had an average of 61, 37, and 17 g of fresh mass, respectively. By September 1997, plants had increasingly larger leaves and higher concentrations of malic acid, sugars, and starch as GH PPF increased. Each doubling in GH PPF resulted in more than a two-fold increase in plant fresh mass. Under the low GH PPF, plants previously produced under 80 mol·–2·s–1 PPF during flasking were 13% larger than those under 10 mol·–2·s–1 PPF. Plants grown under the high, medium, and low GH PPF had 100%, 79%, and 0% flowering, respectively. Those under the high GH PPF bloomed earlier and had longer inflorescences, bearing many more and larger flowers, than those under the medium GH PPF.

scholarly journals Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22±2 °C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 µmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

CO2-Enrichment and photosynthetic photon flux affect the growth of in vitro-cultured apple plantlets

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Yu Li ◽  
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy ◽  
Seon Kyu Kim ◽  
Kee Yeoup Paek
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LIGHT, CO2, AND SUCROSE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE IN VITRO GROWTH OF WHITE POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 696f-696
Author(s):  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
R.C. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
White Potato ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Effect Of Light

Growth measurements of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cvs. Norland (NL), Denali (DN), and Kennebec (KN) were taken from 21-day-old plantlets grown in vitro. Studies were conducted in a growth chamber, with nodal explants grown in culture tubes with loose-fitted Magenta 2-way caps containing Murashige and Skoog salts with either 0, 1, 2 or 3% sucrose. The cultures received either 100 or 300 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and the growth chamber was maintained at either 400 or 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2. All cvs. showed significant increases in growth on 0% sucrose media at 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2, indicating an autotrophic response. At 400 μmol mol-1 CO2, all cvs. showed an increase in total plantlet dry weight (DW) with increasing sucrose under both PPF levels. Within any sucrose treatment, the highest total DW for all cvs. resulted from 300 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF and 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2. At 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2, shoot DW declined with sucrose above 2% for DN and sucrose above 1% for NL at both PPF levels, suggesting that high sucrose levels may hinder growth when CO2 enrichment is used.

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